INTRODUCTION

Breakpoint chlorination is the point where the demand for chlorine has been fully satisfied in
terms of chlorine addition to the water.

When chlorine is added to water, a reaction is produced in the compounds present in the
water. These compounds utilize the chlorine, resulting in zero chlorine residual.

Breakpoint chlorination is a common practice when disinfecting water in water treatment

system, industrial water systems and swimming pools. It is one of the most typical forms of
chlorination where adequate chlorine is incorporated into the water to achieve the breakpoint,
keeping the water well chlorinated and appropriate for its intended use.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:

1. Analyse the given laboratory data and plot the breakpoint chlorination curve

2. Determine the breakpoint chlorine dose for water sample.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:

1. Identify appropriate experiment to determine the breakpoint chlorine dosage.

2. Analyse and interpret the given laboratory data and identify the chlorine breakpoint
for optimum dosage

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Once chlorine has been added to water, it is consumed by a type of chemical reaction that has
a net effect of increasing the chlorine concentration. For a typical addition of chlorine, the
reaction rate instantly increases and reduces the chlorine concentration. This is because
chlorinated compounds acquire more chlorine.
The pace at which the chlorine atoms are added is comparatively slow, but the rates can be
faster because chlorinating increases the reactivity. Once almost all of the chlorine reactions
are accomplished then adding more chlorine leads to permanent residual chlorine.

The period where the concentration of chlorine rapidly increases is called the "breakpoint." In
some cases, there can be no breakpoint

PROBLEM STATEMENT

In the actual practice, students are required to determine the breakpoint dose of chlorine using
DPD Ferrous Titrimetric method. Students also need to identify and conduct the appropriate
sample dilution to conduct the titration procedure.

However, for this online lab session, students are required to browse the suggested YouTube
links/Standard Method to determine on how to conduct this experiment.