5b.solid Waste

Faculty of Civil Engineering
Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Municipal Solid Waste Management
Waste Generation
Onsite Handling, Storage and Processing
EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

CEW543 ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
carolinemarajan@ppinang.uitm.edu.my
Explain on waste generation, on-site
handling, storage and processing
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG CEW543 ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING

Solid Waste Management
1 Waste Generation 4 Transfer & Transport
Onsite Handling, 5 Processing &

2 Storage & Recovery
Processing
6
Disposal of Solid
3 Collection Waste

Waste Generation
Waste Handling, Separation &

Processing at the Source
Collection
Transfer & Separation,

Transport Processing &
Disposal Transformation of
Solid Waste


 Waste Generation
Waste Handling, Separation &

Collection

Solid Waste

Waste Generation
Commonly called “trash” or “garbage
Household waste/ office and retail waste
Residential & commercial makes up 50 to 75% of

total MSW

Waste Generation
GARBAGE RUBBISH
REFUSE TRASH
Waste Generation
Socioeconomic development - GNP trend, Per

capita income
Degree of industrialization,
Climate

Waste Generation
Source reduction/recycling
Geographic location
Season

Waste Generation
Collection
Frequency
GDP/capita Legislation
Population Generation Public

increase Waste Rates attitudes
Pay-As-You
Size of
Throw
households
Programs
Population
density
Waste Generation
Population
Population
Tourism
density
Waste
Unemploymen Age
t distribution
Generation
Average
household
Correlation Employment
size
Life
GDP
expectancy
Infant
mortality
Waste Generation
Population
Generation
Strongest Age Distribution
Waste
Correlation
GDP
Waste Generation Average Household Size

Low income areas – low amounts of
plastic, paper & cardboard but not
organics

Waste Generation
Compliance with
Federal/state diversion Equipment selection
requirements
Collection and
Facilities design
management decisions
Methodology
• Materials Flow
• Load Count

Table 2: Current Urban Municipal Solid Waste Generation
Country GNP Per Capita Current Urban
(1995 US $) MSW Generation

(kg/capita/day)
Low Income 490 0.64
Nepal 200 0.50
Bangladesh 240 0.49
Myanmar 240 0.45
Vietnam 240 0.55
Mongolia 310 0.60
India 340 0.46
Lao PDR 350 0.69
China 620 0.79
Middle Income 1,410 0.73
Indonesia 980 0.76
Philippines 1,050 0.52
Thailand 2,740 1.10
Malaysia 3,890 0.81
High Income 30,990 1.64
Korea 9,700 1.59
Hong Kong 22,990 5.07*

CEW543
FACULTY Singapore
ENVIRONMENTAL
OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGINFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING 26,730 1.10 (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)
EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU PINANG
carolinemarajan@ppinang.uitm.edu.my CEW543 ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
Japan 39,640 1.47
Waste Generation
Geographical
location
Factors
Weather Waste Standard of
Composition living
Compositions for
municipal solid waste Energy Source
based on wet weight

Waste Generation
Location
Market for
waste Season
materials
%
Distribution
Values Economic
Climate Variation conditions
Social
Population
behavior

Typical Physical Composition of Residential MSW
Percent by Weight Moisture percent
Component
Range Typical Range Typical
Organic
Food wastes 6 – 26 15 50 – 80 70
Paper 25 – 45 40 4 – 10 6
Cardboard 3 – 15 4 4–8 5
Plastics 2– 8 3 1–4 2
Textiles 0– 4 2 6 – 15 10
Rubber 0– 2 0.5 1–4 2
Leather 0– 2 0.5 8 – 12 10
Yard wastes 0 – 20 12 30 – 80 60
Wood 1– 4 2 15 – 40 20
Misc. organics
Inorganics
Glass 4 – 16 8 1– 4 2
Tin cans 2– 8 6 2–4 3
Aluminum 0– 1 1 2–4 2
Other metal 1– 4 2 2–6 3
Dirt,OF
FACULTY ashCIVIL etc
ENGINEERING 0 – 10 4 6–
EC221 BACHELOR OF 12 8
ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

Waste Generation
 Waste Handling, Separation &

Collection

Solid Waste

Waste Handling
Waste activities associated with management of waste

Handling & placement
Separation storage containers for collection
Depending on the type of collection service, handling also encompasses the

movement of loaded containers to the point of collection and return the
empty container to the point where the waste are stored between collection
Activities associated with the handling of MSW until they are placed in the
containers used for storage before collection

Waste Handling
On-Site Handling
Domestic solid Commercial and industrial

waste of solid waste
Low/medium –rise residential High-rise residential dwelling Large

dwelling (apartment) container
SW – to Tenants Compacter,
SW - to Picked up by Tenants
dwelling bring down special
backyard building place their
container – their solid design
container maintenance to waste in
transfer to waste to the container,
basement refuse
large storage service convey by
chute
container at container in service
located in
the curb – the elevator
each floor
bring back an basement
empty
container in
the dwelling

Waste Handling

Waste Separation
Separation of waste components

An important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the
source
Best place to separate waste materials for reuse and recycling is at

source of generation
Publics - more aware of the importance of separating newspaper,

cardboard, bottles, yard wastes, aluminum cans and ferrous materials

Waste Storage
Storage of Waste
Primary importance because of public health concerns and aesthetic
considerations
Cost of providing storage for solid wastes at the source is normally

borne by the homeowner or apartment owner in the case of
individuals, or by the management of commercial and industry
properties

Waste Storage
Responsibility of the generator of solid waste
Cans
Bag (sale can support cost of collection)
Bins or dumpsters
Compactors
Waste separation of recyclables

Waste Storage
Types of
Container Public
containers Aesthetics
Locations health
used

Waste Storage
Types and capacities of

container
Available
Characteristic Collection
space to place
of solid waste frequency
the container

Waste Storage
Residential refuse bags (7 -10 liters)
Rubbish bins - 20 -30 liters

Waste Storage
Large mechanical containers -
more commonly used to cut costs
(reduce labor, time , & collection
costs)
Must be standardized to suit
collection equipment.

Waste Storage
Small Bin – household ( 16 – 210 L)
Medium Bin – communal bin ( 0.8 – 9 m3)
Large Bin – hauled communal ( 9 – 30 m3)

Waste Storage
Municipal waste Hazardous waste
Residential
- Refuse bags
- Rubbish bin

Waste Storage
Depend on characteristics of SW collected

– Large storage containers (Domestic SW:
flats/apartment)
• Containers at curbs
• Large containers on a roller (Commercial/Industrial)
– Collection frequency
– Space available for the placement of containers

Waste Storage
Container location
Specially designed
Side or rear of the and designated
Located in alleys
house enclosure at ground
floor or basement

Waste Storage
Public Health
Relates to on-time collection to avoid the
spread of diseases by vectors, etc.
Aesthetics
Must be pleasing to the eye (containers must be
clean, shielded from public’s view).

Processing

Involves activities such as compaction and
yard waste composting
Method used to recover usable materials from solid wastes, to reduce the
volume or to alter the physical form
Normal Processing Operations
Sorting Compaction Incineration


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Faculty of Civil Engineering

Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Onsite Handling, Storage and Processing

EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

Onsite Handling, 5 Processing &

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

Waste Handling, Separation &

Transfer & Separation,

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

Waste Handling, Separation &

Transfer & Separation,

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

Commonly called “trash” or “garbage

Household waste/ office and retail waste

Residential & commercial makes up 50 to 75% of

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

Socioeconomic development - GNP trend, Per

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

Population Generation Public

Waste Generation Average Household Size

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

(1995 US $) MSW Generation

Low Income 490 0.64

Nepal 200 0.50

Bangladesh 240 0.49

Myanmar 240 0.45

Vietnam 240 0.55

Mongolia 310 0.60

India 340 0.46

Lao PDR 350 0.69

China 620 0.79

Middle Income 1,410 0.73

Indonesia 980 0.76

Philippines 1,050 0.52

Thailand 2,740 1.10

Malaysia 3,890 0.81

High Income 30,990 1.64

Korea 9,700 1.59

Hong Kong 22,990 5.07*

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

Rubber 0– 2 0.5 1–4 2

Tin cans 2– 8 6 2–4 3

Other metal 1– 4 2 2–6 3

EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

 Waste Handling, Separation &

Transfer & Separation,

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

Waste activities associated with management of waste

Depending on the type of collection service, handling also encompasses the

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

Domestic solid Commercial and industrial

Low/medium –rise residential High-rise residential dwelling Large

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EC221 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS.) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE)

Separation of waste components

Best place to separate waste materials for reuse and recycling is at