FAKULTI KEIURUTERAAN M EKANIKAL

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA SKMM 2323 - FLUID MECHANICS 2

17th MAY ZOt6 (1 HOUR)
TEST 2 - ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
QUESTTON 1

A source-sink pair of equal strength m, separated by distance 2a on x-axis is

superimposed onto a uniform flow along the same x-axis to form a Rankine body-see
Figure 1.

$tagnation Stagnalion
U
point
\,
s.!

*
-**
"\"r
*5.,

-,, j
r{!

: -
source
i- , -l-
-..--'>

{a)

Figure Q1: A Rankine body.

a) Using expressions for individual stream function, rp , and velocity potential, Q, of

a source, a sink and a uniform flow, derive the combined stream function and
velocity potential of the Rankine body. Also, obtain the expression for velocity
field around this body.

[6 marks)
b) A source and a sink with strengths of equal magnitude- , m = 3n m2 f s, are placed

onthex-axis atx= -a and x= a, respectively.Auniform flow,with speed U= 20

m/s, in the positive x direction, is superimposed to obtain the flow past a Rankine
body of Figure 1. Find the value of rlt = constant on the stagnation streamline.
Locate the stagnation points l, if a = 0.3 m.

(6 marks)
c) You were asked to simulate a symmetrical airfoil placed at an angle of attach a,
to the horizontal uniform flow. Describe briefly, how would you modify and re-
arrange the Rankine body of Figure 1 to achieve it.
(3 marks)
 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
FACI.JLTY OF
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

SKMM 2323 Mechanics of Fluids II Semester 2 Session 20L512076

Test 2 Duration: 60 minutes

Answer ALL questions in English.

L. A source-sink pair of equal strength m, separated by distance2a on r-axis is superimposed

onto a uniform flow along the same r-axis to form a lTankine body-see Figure 1.

Stagiation
l; point

-* * "Yri
...'.:::.::.i:::.4Einiirl\1

{ ilt
I4tii'ii+&....:............... !r.

v
\qii+i#*{i**l!*'4+f,1,t",'Y
--n> .$purce
...*1\q{\- -'EiEi,,ir..r.t SWY _.;*_"*___1.
+ i"*--'* *. ***--**-i
!+ L-1-a-,,-J

Figure 1: A Rankine body.

(a) Usingexpressions forindividualstreamfunction, r/, andvelocitypotential, Q,of asource,

a sink and a uniform flow, derive the combined stream function and velocity potential of
the Rankine body. AIso, obtain the expression for velocity field around this body.

Solntion

Q:Q'o*Q'i*!/uf: #',* (#) oz*t-ta: fftet-oz)+tJrsrno

Q: Q,o*Q,i*Quf : -#^rr+ finrz-ttx: #"7-Llrcosl

velocity components in x- and y-directiory respectively

\-, lt:rso+usi+uuf
ffi"r"rr- #;cosg2* u: #(# - #) ."
n:nso+osi+ouf : ftr^rr- #;sin02: #(+- #)
Velocity field

: ui *,t : l#(# - #)+ u] r .l#(Y - #)],

[6 marks]
 (b) A source and a sink with strengths of equal magnitude, m :
37T r* /", are placed on the
: :
t-axis at )c -a and x a., respectively. A uniform flow, with speed U :20 m/s, in the
positive r directiory is superimposed to obtain the flow past a Rankine body of Figure L.
Find the value olq :
constant on the stagnation streamline. Locate the stagnation points
l, if a :0.3 m.

$olution
Atstagnationpoint i :0;A:0;0t:02:0;rt:l * s;tz:l - a

u : o: #(*- *)* u : #lL&#e] *u

o__ la =r+tl or 02-a2\:*!=
- 7r(12-a2)' *t-
trll
y
l:(a2*ma:'L/2 :a(1/ +"un)
m:'l/2

:0.3 m
^u)
For a

I : 0.3 (,. :0.367 m

Since, at stagnation, 01
"#*)'''
: 02 : 0,/ : 0 and

+:filer-oz)+uy
:.q):0: Constant

[6 marksl
(c) You were asked to simulate a slrmmetrical airfoil placed at an angle of attack, a, to the
horizontal uniform flow. Describe briefly, how would you modify and re-arrange the
Rankine body of Figure L to achieve it.

Solution
o Make magnifude of sink's strength smaller than source's
o Place source on a horizontal line along the uniform flow but sink NOT on the same
line, such that a line connecting source and sink is slanting at angle (of attack) a

\-, iiiii$Sr.a{tr(l(
:AOA'

.i\
i oNclailNc wHs :'

Symmetrical airfoil at an angle of attack a.

For smoother airfoil shape, put several sinks with strength of decreasing magnitude
as they locate downstream, away from source
[3 marks]
 \,
t'
- -: .'- - FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAT
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA SKMNI2323 - FLUID MECHANICS 2

1 HOUR

TEST 2 - ANSWER AtL QUESTIONS

Question 1
a) The superposition of a source and a uniform flow, shown in Figure l-, results
in the following stream function
m
1P
- tbunif orm f tow * $rource : Ur sin e + Zrr0
Where m is the source strength. Show that this stream function at the
stagnation point is
.r.
m
\, Vstagnation - 2

[5 marks)
t'

il*;.,;ri,ir i ...'
13,.,, I
r
I
.. \Tr- 'r,
--5r
a

.t
---- \J-"
.

, $rylri;e
fr r--

lul

Slit&\dl;3n {n*l
- --a

...,,
a

I
-1,

r lt'. -

tbj

Figure 1: Flow around a half-body Figure 2: A half-body pond

b) One end of a pond has a shoreline that resembles a half-body as shown in

Figure 2. A vertical porous pipe acting as a sink is located near the end of the
pond, at a distance b = 5 m from the shoreline, so that water can be pumped
out. When water is pumped at the rate of 0.06m3/s through a 3-m long pipe,
what will be the velocity at a point on the axis symmetry 15 m to the right of
the pipe? Hint: Consider the flow inside a half-body.
(10 marks)
 TLTT
$A*{JI;T ,sf,'il{ffi If N:I GINHffiH,ING
UHIvfi ffisIil TEKN$ro c T IwAT-AI$IA

'fi.SS{S .*Iu micsCIf,Sluids,Il $*m,e*ter, :fi , $rstiofii .i014l3tll5

te.*e flurttlom t hnur 3O minutor
Antwer AtL quesfion* in.Hngli*h"
I" (*) [S ,%,] The *up*rposition of fr $ourcs cntl a unifrrrm # il
flow, slrCIwn tn Si$ure I, ,r,esutm in,the ftriiowtng
$iisriri# I
{

strsam function
-,,rr
stst ! r"-
\ t.t r
.--,"-,,..*".!'i*Ifi; "-""t,&
.*;i:.^.*."**.."..-

S * Sunfr**go* * fnou*s =' [Irsin0 + fit_ : i l*&

.:s
ffi0 *iti.

wherc ffi isi,the $ouffis shnngth. $huw that thi*

l,'
,,t.
:- L.t
rrr ,
*s ttl
IT'
"'"-!r
f+tagnaliun It-

\./ Fi,gure 1.,:, F.luw arrlund,* haXf,,b*dy.

{b},tft' , Sn*,*n .$f'* pond hxs,,a shoreline that re-

ssmhles a half-body as shown in sigure I- A vertical
: p"6tg lpip$,afi'ti#&ns *,sink'ietoca,*ed.*.eA,r the A**
nf thqpond so thnt watsr cen be pumpgd out. When
r\ffi,tef.i$,p.ti ,,ili 1Se,ra,t*ruf$ffi r#/s through *
l$"tr..l'to$$,${-ertw-!i iaiiryry&G v*lociry at poini it?
ix,tt{ ider*he fluwi+rside n heXflbi5d$.'

S{gure,?: A.half;b.e ,}f pord-

v
iir

li ,r

t:
il,

ili'
ft

VI
;lr
IM
]l
ilr'
llr
r
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