700 Resources for Wastewater

Treatment

Abstract
Wastewater handling and treatment requirements are very site- and type-specific.
Consequently, it is beyond the scope of this manual to provide explicit guidelines
for all types of such treatment. However, there is a great deal of assistance available
within the Corporation for the various aspects of wastewater treatment. This section
provides references and resources, available within the Company and elsewhere, to
aid in development of treatment strategies for waste and produced water.

Contents Page

710 Wastewater Types 700-2

720 Wastewater Handling 700-2
730 Wastewater Treatment Assistance 700-2
740 References 700-3

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700 Resources for Wastewater Treatment Utilities Manual

710 Wastewater Types

The term wastewater covers a wide variety of effluent waters produced by diverse
processes. Some wastewaters are:
• Clean rainwater runoff
• Oily rainwater runoff
• Fire water runoff
• Sweet or sour produced well fluid
• Dehydrator overheads
• Process condensate water
• Tank draw water
• Boiler blowdown
• Desalter water
• Desiccator flush water
• Sanitary sewage
• Fresh or salt cooling water
• Pipeline or piping test water
• Reactor vessel bottoms
Each type of wastewater requires a different treatment process and corresponding
equipment. Because of the diversity of wastewaters, this manual does not provide
specific design guidelines. Instead we offer references and resources available
within the Company and elsewhere.

720 Wastewater Handling

Information on the design and construction of wastewater handling systems such as
oily water drains, runoff and storm drains, and sanitary sewage systems can be
found in the Civil and Structural Manual.
Sanitary sewage is often handled by routing such wastes to a municipal sewage
treatment plant. Remote installations often use packaged sewage digestors or septic
tanks. Be aware, however, that septic tanks are losing favor as local environmental
concerns over wastewater discharge increase.

730 Wastewater Treatment Assistance

Most Chevron operating companies have environmental coordinators that are avail-
able for consultation on wastewater treatment.
Chevron Research and Technology Company’s Health, Environment, and Safety
Group can also help.
In addition, Company law departments are available for advice on legal concerns
and environmental permit requirements for wastewater treatment.

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Utilities Manual 700 Resources for Wastewater Treatment

For a general description of legal and permit requirements relating to water treat-
ment, see Reference 9.

740 References
A variety of publications by various Company organizations and by related indus-
trial associations can be of assistance. Copies of these references can be obtained
from the organizations listed.
Included under each reference is a brief abstract of the information contained.
1. Guide to Water Treating Expertise, Engineering Technology Department, Envi-
ronmental Services Division, 1988.
This guide outlines and describes the Chevron organizations that can assist you
with specific wastewater and injection water treatment problems and gives
names and telephone numbers of contact persons or specialists.
Additional copies of this guide are available from the Environmental Services
Division, Richmond, CA.
2. Water Treatment Handbook, Chevron Oil Field Research Company and Engi-
neering Technology Department, 1989.
This handbook is primarily directed toward upstream water treatment, although
portions are applicable to downstream operations.
3. Water Plant Design Manual, Chevron USA, Design and Construction,
Northern California Division, 1987.
A discussion of equipment used for handling produced water and treating it for
reinjection. The emphasis is on primary oil/water separation, air flotation, filtra-
tion, and dissolved oxygen removal.
4. Aerated Lagoon Design Guide, Engineering Technology Department, Environ-
mental Services Division, 1983.
This is a summary of design methods for one of the more popular biologic
treatment systems for refinery wastewater, an aerated lagoon.
5. Biodisk Reliability Study, Engineering Technology Department, Environ-
mental Services Division, 1986.
This report reviews the mechanical and operating aspects of biodisks as relates
to their reliability. It documents improvements that increased the mechanical
reliability.
6. Groundwater Response Manual, Health, Environment, and Loss Prevention,
1983.
Appendix F of this manual discusses some of the specialized equipment used
to treat contaminated groundwaters. Featured are descriptions of such special-
ized equipment as air stripping columns and carbon adsorption systems.

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700 Resources for Wastewater Treatment Utilities Manual

7. Manual on Disposal of Refinery Wastes, Volume on Liquid Wastes, American

Petroleum Institute, 1969.
The 20 chapters in this manual discuss refinery wastewater treatment methods
and procedures.
8. Wastewater Handling and Treatment Manual for Petroleum Marketing Facili-
ties, American Petroleum Institute, 1979.
This introductory manual describes the general considerations for wastewater
treatment for petroleum marketing installations.
9. Arbuckle, J. G., et al, Environmental Law Handbook, Government Institutes,
Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 1987.
Chapter 3 of this handbook discusses the legal aspects of wastewater treating.
The 1972 Clean Water Act is described, including the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) that forms the basis for much of the
current refinery wastewater treatment regulation. Permitting conditions and
procedures are outlined.
10. Water Filtration Equipment Survey, Engineering Technology Department,
Production/Process Facilities Division, August 1989.
This report provides a summary of Chevron’s upstream experience with water
filtration equipment. It documents modifications and cost saving techniques
with various filter types, including: granular media filters, backwash-
able/strainer filters, pressure pre-coat filters, and cartridge filters.

May 1996 700-4 Chevron Corporation