Name: Ricky – M10705802 Date: 2020 February 18th

Class: Design and Assessment of Bridge Structures Under Multiple Disaster Hazards

Task 1: Example of possible structural failures due to the multiple hazards

During July 2004, The Mindulle Typhoon passed through Taiwan with heavy rainfall, which then induced flooding,
debris flows, landslides. The large debris damaged the structures by creating additional horizontal load to the structure.
This also led to crack on the column and beam, thus it makes the water penetrate easier to the rebar which then cause
a corrosion. Furthermore, the landslides also soften the soil around the foundation of the structure, which led to
reduction of the foundation strength.

Task 2: Numerical method to estimate displacement ductility capacity of corroded RC column

Reference: Cheng, H., Li, H. N., & Wang, D. S. (2019). Prediction for lateral deformation capacity of corroded
reinforced concrete columns. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 28(1), e1560.

Research abstract:

In this research, displacement of the RC column at the tip Δ𝑡𝑖𝑝 is defined by the sum of displacement due to bending
Δ𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 and longitudinal bar slip Δ𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑝 . Both equation for bending and slip are written in Equation 1 and 2,
respectively.

The complete flowchart for the displacement calculation process is illustrated in Figure 1. To consider the corrosion
effect on the corroded RC column, same flowchart is used and three deteriorated components are introduced to the
equation, which are:

1. Reinforcing steel
The column rebar experience reduction of cross-sectional area due to carbonation and chloride penetration.
Therefore, new parameter should be used which are listed in Table 1

2. Concrete
Formation of oxidation products will lead to longitudinal cracks propagation in the concrete which reduce
the concrete strength. The reduced concrete strength 𝑓𝑐∗ can be calculated using Equation 3.
Name: Ricky – M10705802 Date: 2020 February 18th
Class: Design and Assessment of Bridge Structures Under Multiple Disaster Hazards

3. Bond-Slip Factor
Bond-slip degradation is also considered in this research. The normalized bond strength factor 𝑅(𝜂𝑠 ) value
is obtained from pullout testing (Model MP) and flexural testing (MF) which are described as a function of
reinforcement corrosion in Equation 4 and 5.

Figure 1 Flowchart to calculate displacement at column tip

Research conclusion:

During the observation, it is observed that displacement ductility of columns with corroded rebars decreases
considerably when subjected to the attack of chloride ions.
Name: Ricky – M10705802 Date: 2020 February 18th
Class: Design and Assessment of Bridge Structures Under Multiple Disaster Hazards

Task 3: Framework to estimate seismic safety of existing bridges in a marine environment.

Marine environment
(1)
Existing Structure
Earthquake (2) Create database from
Create assement experiment result or
Asses the bridge assessment of other old
Making hazard database guidance from database
(e.g: from PGA, weather structures
data, chloride level, Calculate bridge
rainfall) Reliability index
(3)
Probabilistic hazard
assessment Quantify bridge safety

(4)

Estimate lifetime
(Make time-dependent
structural reliability
analysis)

Figure 2 Framework to assess RC bridge located in marine environment

Part (1). What kind of inspection can help you to respond the inquiries?
Using nondestructive inspection such as crack measurement, color inspection, or vibration method.
Part (2). How can you estimate the bridge safety based on inspection result?
Using the guide created based on experiment result, we can measure how severe the damage on the bridge
has occurred. We can use the scoring system to judge the safety of the bridge.
Part (3). How will you quantify the seismic safety of existing bridges?
By using the inspection data, we can conduct reliability analysis to measure the failure probability of the
bridge.
Part (4). How can you estimate the remaining lifetime of corroded RC bridges considering the time-
dependent structural performance?
Once we know the structural capacity of the bridge, we can combine it with the hazard probability data that
we can obtain from past natural disaster. After that we can create time-depended structural reliability curve
to check how old the structure can last. The maximum age is decided if the curve cross the target reliability
level.

Task 4: Comments and suggestions

I think the class was really good, because most of the topics were explained brief enough for me to understand the
basic idea of multiple hazards and assessment technique in a short time. Many real cases were presented, which is
really great. One suggestion for me is maybe Professor can reduce the mathematics formula more because sometimes
I need more time to understand the use of the formula.

ありがとうございました!

ガンバッテ!