SCHOOL OF LAW

PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY
PG DIPLOMA IN CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCE
Regulations
PROGRAMME
School of Law, Pondicherry University offers one year full time PG Diploma in
Criminology & Forensic Science Diploma Programme in Criminology and Forensic Science.
This programme is aimed at developing Manpower required in specialised functional Areas
of Legal Studies.
DURATION
The duration for this PG Diploma in Criminology & Forensic Science is one year and
offered in CBCS Model in two semesters.
INTAKE
20 Students (5 sponsored)
ELIGIBILITY
Any Degree with 50% Marks in Under Graduation under 10+2+3 system or
equivalent
SELECTION CRITERIA
The Admission to this PG Diploma in Criminology & Forensic Science is done
through an Admission Test, Group Discussion and Personal Interview. The Admission
procedure varies based on uniform norms for all PG Diploma in Criminology & Forensic
Science Diploma’s implemented by University from time to time.
ACADEMIC PROGRAMME
The programme is offered on full time basis for select days in a week during
Academic Calendar. All subjects are Hard Core and compulsory to get the award of PG
Diploma. Pedagogy consists of Class Room Lectures, Case Studies, Field Visits, Expert
Lectures and Presentations and Viva Voce Exam.
EVALUATION
Internal Assessment 40% of Marks, End Semester is for 60% marks Internal
Assessments consist of Term Tests, Written Assessment / Field Study Reports, Seminar
Presentations. End Semester Exam consists of 3 Hours Written Test with 3 sections A, B and
C. Section C will be a case study.

1
 SCHOOL OF LAW
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY
PG DIPLOMA IN CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCE
CURRICULUM & COURSE STRUCTURE

SEMESTER - I Hard Core Credits

CRIM 411 Introduction to Criminal Justice and Society 4
CRIM 412 Criminal Law and Procedure 4
CRIM 413 Police and Law Enforcement 4
CRIM 414 Psychology of Crime 4
CRIM 415 Comprehensive Viva 2
18

SEMESTER - II Hard Core Credits

CRIM 421 Forensic Science 4
CRIM 422 Cybercrime 4
CRIM 423 Crime Prevention Management 4
CRIM 424 Juvenile Justice System 4
CRIM 425 Comprehensive Viva 2
18
-------------------
Total Credits 36
-------------------

2
 SCHOOL OF LAW
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY
PG DIPLOMA IN CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCE
SEMESTER - I
CRIM 411: INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND SOCIETY
Hard Core: 4 credits
Unit I: Introduction
Meaning and Concept of society, culture, informal means of social control (norms,
mores, folkways, taboos), social deviance, groups, community, social organisation and
disorganization, social structure and process – Crime and criminology definitions – Historical
development – Nature, origin and scope – Criminology and its relationship to other
disciplines – Social construction of deviance and crime – Definition of victims of crime and
victims of abuse of power.
Unit II: Typology of Crime and Criminal Behaviour
Crime against person – Crime against property – White collar crime – Organized
crime – Cybercrime – Environmental crime – Crime and media – Habitual offenders –
Professional criminals – Violent offences – Recidivism.
Unit III: Juvenile Delinquency
Definition – Nature and patterns of delinquency – Causes – Salient features of the
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) (amended) Act, 2006.
Unit IV: Criminal Justice System
Introduction to criminal justice in India – Police – Prosecution – Judiciary –
Correctional departments – Co-operation and co-ordination among the various sub-systems of
the Criminal Justice System.
Unit V: Social Defence and Related Concepts
Concept of Social Defence – Drug abuse – Alcoholism – Child abuse.

Reference Books

1. Chockalingam, K. (1997). ‘Kuttraviyal’(Criminology) in Tamil. Chennai: Parvathi

Publications.
2. Crime in India. (2002). National Crime Records Bureau. New Delhi: Ministry of
Home Affairs, Govt. of India.
3. Paranjepe, N.V. (2002). Criminology and Penology. Allahabad: Central Law
Publications.
4. Sutherland, E.H., & Cressey, D.R. (1974). Principles of Criminology. Philadelphia:
Lippincott.
5. Vold, G., & Bernard, Thomas J. (1986). New Horizons in Criminology. New Delhi :
Prentice Hall.

3
 SCHOOL OF LAW
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

PG DIPLOMA IN CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCE

SEMESTER - I
CRIM 412: CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE

Hard Core: 4 credits

Unit I: General Principles of IPC and Specific Offences

Elements of Criminal Liability – Principles of group liability (Section 149, 34, 109,
120B IPC) – Private Defence (Section-96-106) - Offences against person (IPC) Homicide,
Kidnapping Abduction, Rape – Offences against property (theft, robbery, dacoity and
cheating, criminal Breach of Trust) – General Exception.
Unit II: Criminal Investigation and Prosecution
FIR, Investigation, Arrest and Charge Sheet – Custody, Remand and Bail – Process to
Ensure Attendance Summon, Warrant, Search Warrant.
Unit III: Criminal Trial
Summon Trails, Warrant Trials and Sessions Trial – Rights to Accused (pre-sentence
hearing Sec 235(2). S48)2, fair/speedy Trail, Right against self-incrimination – Rights of
Victims (Plea Bargaining and Victim Participation) – Free Legal Aid.
Unit IV: Evidence Law: Scope and Relevance
Relevancy and admissibility of facts – Relevancy of confessions and dying
declarations – Burden of proof.

Reference Books
1. Ratan Lal and Dhirajlal (2002). Indian Penal Code, New Delhi: Wadhwa and
Company Pub.
2. Kelkar RV (2001). Criminal Procedure, 4th Edition, Eastern Book Company
3. Kathuria, R.P, (2007). Law of Crimes and Criminology, Vinod Publishing House,
Delhi.
4. Ratanlal and Dhiorajlal (2004). The code of Criminal Procedure, Wadhwa and
Company Publications.
5. Gaur, KD (1999). Criminal Law and Procedure (cases); 3rd Edition, Butterworth
Tripathi Publications.

4
 SCHOOL OF LAW
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

PG DIPLOMA IN CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCE

SEMESTER - I
CRIM 413: POLICE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT

Hard Core: 4 credits

Unit I: Fundamentals of Police Administration
Role of Police in Independent India – Constitutional provisions regarding police in
India

Unit II: Organization and Structure of Police

Types of Policing Organization – State Police Civil Police. Armed and other branches
– District Police – Police Station – Crime record statistics (State Level and National Level) –
Central Police Organizations – Police Reforms and Modernization.
Unit III: Training and Orientation
Recruitment and Training of Police – Police Act of 1861 – Recent State enactments –
Police Reforms in Independent India since 3rd National Police Commission
Recommendations (NPC), 1979 – State Police Reform Commission – 3rd National Police
Commission Report.
Unit IV: Police Investigation: Procedures and Function
Executive powers and duties of Police officers in the investigation of crime –
Procedure in investigation.
Unit V: Police Image
Dimension of Police accountability in India – Courts – Executive Magistrates – State
Government – CAO – Citizens / Community – Police public relations in India and Aboard –
Peace Committee – Village Police system – Koban (Japan) – Police Board (UK) – Sheriff
(USA mode) – Participation of public in crime prevention.

Reference Books
1. Misra K.K. (1987). Police Administration in Ancient India, K.K. Publications.
2. Srivastava Aparna (1999). Role of Police in Changing Society, APH Publishing
House.
3. Guharoy J. T. (1999). Policing in the 21st Century Indian Institute of Public
Administration.
4. Gupta, Anandswarup (2007). Crime and Police in India, Agra: Sahitya Bhavan.
5. Banerjee, D (2005). Central Police Organization, Part I & Part II, New Delhi: Allied
Publishers, Pvt, Ltd.
6. Pandy, Police Administration
7. R.R., Deb, Police Administration
5
 SCHOOL OF LAW
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

PG DIPLOMA IN CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCE

SEMESTER - I
CRIM 414: PSYCHOLOGY OF CRIME

Hard Core: 4 credits

Unit I: Psychology and Crime

Introduction: Meaning, purpose and scope of criminal psychology - Psychological vs.
psycho analytical approach to crime - Behaviourist approach to crime - Definition of criminal
behaviour: Psychodynamics of criminal behaviour - Mental illness and crime - Human
aggression, violence and crime.

Unit II: Development of Personality with Special Reference to Criminal Personality

Definition of personality: Difference between criminal personality and normal
personality - Factors and determinants of personality - Learning criminal behavior:
Instrumental Learning-Skinner, Social Learning & Frustration- Bandura, Induced
Criminality, Humanistic Theories (Maslow), emotional perspective and situational factors -
Psychopath and psychopathic personality.

Unit III: Psychometric Tests: Use in Criminal Behaviour

Psychoanalytical Theory (Freud, Erikson) - Humanistic Theory (Maslow, Rogers) -
Learning Theory (Pavlov, Skinner, Watson) - Psycho-dynamics of criminal behaviour -
Mental illness and crime

Unit IV: Forensic Psychology: Concept and Importance

Definition, meaning and scope of forensic psychology - Historical background of
forensic psychology in India and abroad - Role of forensic psychology in the investigation of
crime - Psychology and the police - Application of psychology in prisons and courts.

Unit V: Brain Imaging

Definition, concept and purpose of brain imaging - Overview of brain imaging studies
- Techniques in brain Imaging - Application and implications of brain imaging.

6
 Reference Books

1. Morgan Clifford T, King Richard A, Weissz. John R, Schopler John (1986).

Introduction to Psychology, 7th Edition, New Delhi: Tata Mc Graw Hill Publications.

2. Fernald L. Dodge, Fernald Peter S. (2005). Introduction to Psychology, New Delhi:

ATBS Pub.

3. Bartal Curt R. (1999). Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial approach 5th Edition, New
Delhi: Prebtuce Hall.

4. Green Edward J. (1976). Psychology for law enforcement, John Wiley and Sons. Inc

5. Kaur, Rajpal (2006). Forensic Psychology, Deep and Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd.

6. Arrigo, Bruce, A. (2000). Introduction to Forensic Psychology, Academic Press.

7. Kaul, Satyendra K. and Zaidi, Mohd.H. (2008). Narco Analysis, Brain Mapping,
Hypnosis and Lie Detector Tests in interrogation of suspects.

8. Criminal Justice and Behavior: An international journal – International Association

for Correction and Forensic Psychology, New Delhi: Sage Publications.

7
 SCHOOL OF LAW
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

PG DIPLOMA IN CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCE

SEMESTER - II
CRIM 421: FORENSIC SCIENCE

Hard Core: 4 credits

Unit I: Introduction
Definition, nature and purpose of Forensic Science – Functions of the Forensic
Science Laboratories.

Unit II: Divisions of Forensic Science

Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology – Analytical Techniques: Finger Print, Forensic
Ballistics – DNA Test – Document Examination – Voice Pattern Analysis.
Unit III: Introduction of Forensic Medicine
Definition of Forensic Medicine – Medico –legal evidence – Identification of living
and dead.
Unit IV: Wounds
Definition – Medico – Legal importance – Suicidal, accidental and homicidal wounds
Unit V: Forensic Examination and Expert Opinion
Aspects in Forensic Science – Forensic Biology and Serology – Forensic Ballistics –
Forensic aspect of arson and Explosion – Forensic Photography and Documents – Voice
Examination – Medico Legal Autopsy demonstration and Interpretation.

Reference Books
1. Nabar, B.S. (2007). Forensic Science in Crime Investigation, 3rd Edition, Hyderabad:
Asia Law House.
2. Sharma B.R. (2007). Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials Universal
Law Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd.
3. Saferstein Richard, (1982). Forensic Science Handbook, Prentice, Hall Inc., (also
refer Criminalistics – by the same author)
4. Nickolas L.C, (1956). The Scientific Investigation of Crime. Butterworth and Co.
Publishers, Ltd.
5. Bridges, B.B., August Velma & Moner, M. (2000), Criminal Investigation, Practical
Fingerprinting Thumb impression, Handwriting expert testimony, Opinion Evidence,
The University Book Agency, Allahabad.

8
 SCHOOL OF LAW
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

PG DIPLOMA IN CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCE

SEMESTER - II
CRIM 422: CYBERCRIME

Hard Core: 4 credits

Unit I: Introduction
Historical development – Classification of cybercrime – Conventional crime vs.
cybercrime Causes for cybercrime – Trends in cybercrime worldwide.
Unit II: Typology of Cybercrime
Hacking, cracking, DoS – Viruses, worms, malwares, bombs, email bombing, data
diddling, salami attacks, phishing, steganography, cyber stalking, spoofing, pornography,
defamation, computer vandalism, cyber terrorism, cyber warfare, crime in social media,
social engineering, credit card frauds and financial frauds, telecom frauds.
Unit III: Cybercrime Investigation
Cyber/Digital forensics – Cyber forensics life cycle – Chain of custody – Search,
seizure and preservation of digital evidence – Data privacy issues – Cryptography –
Cybercrime cells – Cyber appellate authorities.
Unit IV: Cyber Laws
Cyber laws in India – Information Technology (amended) Act, 2008 – Indian
Evidence Act, 1872 – Digital evidence – Cyber laws across the globe – UNCITRAL
Unit V: Cybercrime and Counter-measures
Information security – Best information security practices in India and other countries
– E-mail security – Web application security, malware security, network security, cloud
security and wireless security.

Reference Books
1. Atkins, D., Buis, P., Hare, C., et al. (1997). Internet security professional reference
(2nd ed.). Indianapolis, IN: New Riders Pub.
2. Goodman, S., & Soafer, A.(ed.) (2002). The Transnational Dimensions of cybercrime.
Washington: Hoover institution Press.
3. Marcella, A.J., & Greenfield, R.S. (ed.) (2002). Cyber Forensics: A field manual for
calculating, examining and preserving evidence of computer crimes. Boca Raton,
Florida: Auerbach.
4. Reyes, A. (2007). Cybercrime investigations bridging the gaps between security
professionals, law enforcement and prosecutors. Rockland, MA: Syngress Pub.
5. Walker, C. (1998). Crime, criminal justice and the Internet. London: Sweet &
Maxwell.

9
 SCHOOL OF LAW
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

PG DIPLOMA IN CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCE

SEMESTER - II
CRIM 423: CRIME PREVENTION MANAGEMENT

Hard Core: 4 credits

Unit I: Introduction
Conceptual definition of Crime prevention – History of crime prevention, Primary,
Secondary and Tertiary crime prevention – Prevention of various types of crimes; -
Educational programs, training and assistance; Recidivism; Fear of Crime.
Unit II: Methods of Crime Prevention
Punitive methods, defence methods, intervention method, mechanical method, mass
method, clinical method, group relations’ method, - Environmental design – Reducing first
offenders and recidivism.
Unit III: Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Administration
Crime Prevention by Police – Police Information Centres – Community Policing,
Intervention programs, - Patrolling and Beats, Intelligence, Surveillance; mediation in courts;
Unit IV: Contemporary Programs
Public relation campaign, Potential Victim protection – Demotivating potential
offenders – Socialization of youth at risk – Programs aimed at slums and bad family
situations – Programs to reduce school failure.
Unit V: Crime Prevention Organizations
Role of Boys Clubs and Friends of Police in crime prevention – Responsibilities of
NGO’s in crime prevention – Community Watch, Neighborhood Watch, Community
involvement; International cooperation in crime prevention – Local Community
Organizations.

Reference Books
1. Bawa P.S. (1989). Policing for people, Rupa and Co.
2. Ramanujam T. (1992). Prevention and Detection of Crime, Madras Book Agency
3. Gilling, Daniel (1997). Crime Prevention: Theory, Policy and Polities, UGL Press
Ltd., U.K.
4. Burrows John, Ekblour and Heal Kevin (1979). Crime Prevention and Police, Crown
Copyright.
5. Atri, Parvesh K. (1998). Dynamics of Crime Prevention and Criminology Anmol
Publications Pvt. Ltd.

10
 SCHOOL OF LAW
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

PG DIPLOMA IN CRIMINOLOGY AND FORENSIC SCIENCE

SEMESTER - II
CRIM 424: JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM

Hard Core: 4 credits

Unit I: Introduction
Criminal Justice System (CJS): Meaning, purpose and social relevance - Legislative
process and CJS - Historical evolution – Overview of criminal justice sectors National and
International perspective - Accusatorial and inquisitorial systems of Criminal Justice System
- Co-ordination in CJS.
Unit II: Police System
Organization set up of Indian police in modern society - Objective of police system:
Maintenance of law and order, investigation of crimes, protection of life, production of
property rights, prevention of crime - Method of interrogation, role of counseling in
interrogation - Functions of Police Organizations interface with the community, executive,
prosecution and judiciary - Police image.
Unit III: Judicial System
Importance of judicial system in modern society - Judicial administration in India.
Presiding Officer, Prosecutor and Defence Counsel - Salient feature of India Judicial System :
Independence, public and fair trial - Fundamental elements in judicial functioning: Due
process, speedy trials and access to justice - Alternative Dispute Redressal System (ADRS):
Mediation, Lok Adalat, Village Nyaya Panchayat - Judicial Administration: Modernization
and reforms.
Unit IV: Juvenile Justice System
Challenges faced by children - Child Rights as per the UNCRC 1989 - National
Legislative measures for protection of Child Rights: Commission for Protection of Child
Rights Act, 2005, sexual harassment of women at work place (Prevention, Prohibition and
Redressal) Act, 2013, the Right of Children for free and compulsory Education, Act 2009., JJ
Act 2000 and Amended Act 2006, Immoral Traffic Prevention Act 1956 - Institutional Care
and Support for juveniles/children - The role of police with special reference to children –
Special Juvenile Police Unit (SJPU), Child Welfare Officer - Role of parents, teachers,
doctors and welfare organizations in child upbringing and safety.

11
Unit V: Youth in Conflict with Law, Violence & Intervention Strategies
Youth deviance-recent trends-pornography, MMS, Sexual Harassment - Youth
violence-state response-state violence - Juvenile gangs, status offence - Youth alienation and
crimes - Domestic Prevention Act, violence against elderly people, violence against disabled
- Intervention strategies: Counselling, restoration/repatriation of Children, after-care,
adoption, foster care & sponsorship, issues and problems in reintegration.

Reference Books

1. Qadri, S.M.A. (2005). Criminology, Eastern Book Company.

2. Gupta M.C., (2001). Child Victims of Crime, Gyan Publishing House.
3. Les John (2002). Crime and Modernity, New Delhi: Sage Publications.
4. Hagan, Frank (2008). Introduction to Criminology, Sage Publication Inc.
5. Williams, Katherine (2004). Textbook on Criminology, Universal Law Publications.
6. Reports by the International Conventions and UN Declaration.
7. Shweta (2009). Crime, Justice and Society, MD Publications.
8. Schmalleges Frank (1999). Criminal Justice Today, New Jerscy: Prentice Hall.
9. Justice Malimath Committee on Criminal Justice Reforms, Universal Law Publication
(2003).
10. Padmanabhaiah, K. (2001). Committee Police Reforms.
11. Banerjee, D. (2005). Central Police Organizations Part I and Part II, Allied Publishers
Pvt. Ltd.
12. Reisd, Se Titus (2006). Crime and Criminology. Mc. Graw Hill Publishers.

12