Kirchhoff’s Solution with Two Sources

Marticio, Jeremias Jr. M.

Affiliation
Jmmarticio27@gmail.com

ABSTRACT Kirchhoff's theory is often called Charge

Protection, as it is retained around the junction
The experiment supported the application of without a lack of current.
Kirchhoff’s Law in finding the voltage and current
in the circuit with two voltage sources. Kirchhoff’s Although the law of Kirchhoff provides us with
Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff’s Current Law the basic way for the study of any complex
(KCL) were compared and analyzed separately in electrical system, it is possible to improve this
performing the experiment. Moreover, Mesh
process by using Mesh Current analysis which
analysis and Nodal analysis were also used in
verification of measured values in the circuit board decreases the mathematical operation and can
with the used of multimeter. be an important advantage as large networks
engage in mathematics.
KEYWORDS
2 RESULTS
Mesh, Mesh Equation, Node, Loop equation, and
Direct Current Network. On the first part of the experiment, Kirchhoff’s
circuit block was located on the DC network
1 INTRODUCTION theorems circuit board and aimed to determine
the I 1 and I 2.
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) is indeed the
second law of Kirchhoff dealing with the
conserving energy of a closed-circuit path.
Voltage law stipulates that the algebraic sum of
all the voltages of each loop in a circuit is equal
to zero for the closed loop series path. This is
because a circuit is a closed path so that no
energy is lost.
Figure 1. Two-source test circuit
The current Kirchhoff (KCL) law is the first
law of Kirchhoff concerned with the Based on the measured values, the relationship
management of charges entering and leaving of the components in loop I 1 is described by the
the crossroads. Current law stipulates that the equation V s =V R 1 +V R 2, where V s was equal to
total federal reaching a circuit crossing is equal
10V while V R 1 and V R 2 were equal to 3.98V
to the total current leaving the same crossing
and 6.01V respectively. The same equation
for a parallel trip. It has no other way to go
because no payment is missed. applies on obtaining the values for I 2 . The
In short, the algebraic sum of ALL of the input relationship between V s 2 and the two resistance
and output of a junction must be equal to zero: R2 and R3 exist as inversely proportional with
Σ IIN = Σ IOUT one another. The circuit components that
defined the circuit’s third loops were V s 1, I R 1,
I R 2, and V s 2. The relationship is seen in the
argument with the application of KVL,
V s 1=I R 2+ R 3+ V s 2 (1)
Figure 2. Voltage Distribution
The figure 2 shows the voltage drop on a
specific resistor. The Voltage drops were
observed and evaluated. V R 1 garnered 3.77V
while V R 2 and V R 3 were compatibly equal to
16V and 6.01V. The equation on the three
loops is shown below:
Loop 1:
V s 1−V R 3 −V R 1=0 (2)
Loop 2:
V s 2−V R 2−V R 3=0 (3)
Loop 3:
V s 1 +V s2 =V R 1 +V R 2 (4)
The Kirchhoff’s voltage law applies on the 3
equations and loops above. Since these three
loops were defined as closed path. Thus, KVL
could be still applicable even in two-voltage
source circuit in determining the current and
voltage drop on the subjected circuit diagram.
Figure 3. Specific Voltage Drop
The three resistors were recorded using the
multi-meter R1 , R 2 , R 3. The equivalent
measurements are 745 Ω, 3.533k Ω, and 7.40k
Ω. Then the voltage on Node 1 was also
identified using Ohm’s law V=IR. Using the
recorded values of V R 3 and R3, I R 3 was able to
evaluate resulting to 8.123x10−4A. Current in
different resistors were also recorded.
Figure 4. A two voltage source series.
A circuit with two voltage sources that are not
connected with identical polarities is shown in
Figure 4. Using this as a guide, each circuit
current is defined in terms of its voltage and
resistance relationship as seen on the equation
below:
IR1 was computed to be 5.36 mA, IR 2 is 1.13
mA, and IR3 is 0.812 mA.
Figure 5.
 Based from Figure 5, the calculated
specific voltage drop equivalent to 6.01 V will
allow for a complete circuit solution.

6 CONCLUSIONS

Through this experiment, it can therefore be

concluded that the Kirchhoff’s current law is
applicable in the determination of a circuit
solution. A portion of the experiment also
proved that the currents into and out of a circuit
node are equal. Additionally, in the calculation
of the current of each circuit, Ohm’s law can be
applied only after the voltage of the element
common to both loops are established. Finally,
a negative sign on the resulting current signifies
an incorrect assumed direction for the said
current.

References

Dorf, R. C., & Svoboda, J. A. (2010). Introduction

to electric circuits. John Wiley & Sons.

Nilsson, J. W., & Riedel, S. (2010). Electric

circuits. Prentice Hall Press.