Heat Loss From An Insulated Pipe

CheGuide.com Date 9-July-16

Chemical Engineer's Guide By CheGuide

Fluid
Pipe Inside Diameter (D1) 77.9 mm
Air
Outside Diameter (D2) 88.9 mm
Operating Temperature 180.0 °C Insulation D1 D2 D3
Ambient Temperature 28.0 °C
Wind Speed 3.50 m/s Pipe

Insulation Insulated Pipe

Type Calcium Silicate Surface Temperature 33.4 °C
Surface Emmisivity 0.9 Heat Loss 73.1 W/m
Thickness 50 mm Bare Pipe
Outside Diameter D3 188.9 mm Surface Temperature 179.5 °C
Heat Loss 1374.0 W/m
Calculation for Insulated Pipe
Iterations 1 2 3 4 5
Surface Temperature t_surface °C 29 33.43 33.43 33.43 33.43
Interface Temperature t_interface °C 179.0 179.97 179.97 179.97 179.97
Air Properties
Average Film Temperature t_average °C 28.5 30.72 30.71 30.71 30.71
°K 301.65 303.87 303.86 303.86 303.86
Thermal Conductivity k W/m.K 0.0264 0.0266 0.0266 0.0266 0.0266
Viscosity µ N/s.m² 1.86E-05 1.87E-05 1.87E-05 1.87E-05 1.87E-05
Prandtl Number Pr 0.707 0.706 0.706 0.706 0.706
Expansion Coefficient β 1/K 0.003315 0.003291 0.003291 0.003291 0.003291
Air Density ρ Kg/m³ 1.1716 1.1630 1.1631 1.1631 1.1631
Kinematic Viscosity ν m2/s 1.61E-05 1.63E-05 1.63E-05 1.63E-05 1.63E-05
Specific Heat Cp kJ/Kg.K 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01
alpha α m²/s 2.27E-05 2.30E-05 2.30E-05 2.30E-05 2.30E-05
Reynold's Number Re 41161 40629 40629 40629 40629
Rayleigh Number Ra 600738 3153306 3151113 3151117 3151117

Air Film Resistance

Radiation h_radiation W/m².K 5.60 5.73 5.73 5.73 5.73
Convection
Forced Convection Nu_forced 121.7 120.7 120.7 120.7 120.7
h_forced W/m².K 16.99 16.97 16.97 16.97 16.97
Free Convection Nu_free 12.60 20.15 20.15 20.15 20.15
h_free W/m².K 1.76 2.83 2.83 2.83 2.83
Combined Convection Nu_Combined 121.7 120.7 120.7 120.7 120.7
h_convection W/m².K 16.99 16.97 16.97 16.97 16.97
Overall air side HTC h_air W/m².K 22.60 22.70 22.70 22.70 22.70
Pipe Resistance
Pipe Thermal conductivity k_pipe W/m.K 56.05 56.05 56.05 56.05 56.05
Pipe wall resistance r_pipe m².K/W 0.00022 0.00022 0.00022 0.00022 0.00022
Insulation Resistance
Average Insulation temperature °K 377.15 379.8526 379.8506 379.8506 379.8506
Insulation Thermal conductivity k_insulation W/m.K 0.05964 0.05985 0.05985 0.05985 0.05985
Insulation resistance r_insulation m².K/W 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19
Overall Resistance r_overall m².K/W 1.238 1.234 1.234 1.234 1.234
Heat Flow Q W/m² 122.76 123.21 123.21 123.21 123.21
Interface Temperature T_interface °C 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0
Surface Temeperature T_surface °C 33.43 33.43 33.43 33.43 33.43
Heat Loss per Unit Length W/m 72.85 73.12 73.12 73.12 73.12
 Heat Loss From An Insulated Pipe
CheGuide.com Date 9-July-16
Chemical Engineer's Guide By CheGuide

Fluid
Calculation for Bare Pipe
Iterations 1 2 3 4 5
Surface Temperature t_surface °C 29.0 179.6 179.5 179.5 179.5
Bare Pipe Emissivity 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Air Properties
Average Film Temperature t_average °C 28.5 103.78 103.74 103.74 103.74
°K 301.65 376.93 376.89 376.89 376.89
Thermal Conductivity k W/m.K 0.0264 0.0321 0.0321 0.0321 0.0321
Viscosity µ N/s.m² 1.86E-05 2.20E-05 2.20E-05 2.20E-05 2.20E-05
Prandtl Number Pr 0.707 0.693 0.693 0.693 0.693
Expansion Coefficient β 1/K 0.003315 0.002653 0.002653 0.002653 0.002653
Air Density ρ Kg/m3 1.1716 0.9376 0.9377 0.9377 0.9377
Kinematic Viscosity ν m²/s 1.61E-05 2.38E-05 2.38E-05 2.38E-05 2.38E-05
Specific Heat Cp kJ/Kg.K 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01
alpha α m²/s 2.27E-05 3.45E-05 3.45E-05 3.45E-05 3.45E-05
Reynold's Number Re 19371 13084 13086 13086 13086
Rayleigh Number Ra 62617 3378022 3377897 3377897 3377897

Air Film Resistance

Radiation h_radiation W/m².K 4.98 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11
Convection
Forced Convection Nu_forced 77.7 61.7 61.7 61.7 61.7
h_forced W/m².K 23.07 22.30 22.30 22.30 22.30
Free Convection Nu_free 6.88 20.50 20.50 20.50 20.50
h_free W/m².K 2.04 7.41 7.41 7.41 7.41
Combined Convection Nu_Combined 77.7 61.9 61.9 61.9 61.9
h_convection W/m².K 23.07 22.37 22.37 22.37 22.37
Overall air side HTC h_air W/m².K 28.05 32.48 32.48 32.48 32.48
Pipe Resistance
Pipe Thermal conductivity k_pipe W/m.K 56.05 56.05 56.05 56.05 56.05
Pipe wall resistance r_pipe m².K/W 0.00010 0.00010 0.00010 0.00010 0.00010
Overall Resistance r_overall m².K/W 0.036 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031
Heat Flow Q W/m² 4251.21 4920.09 4919.66 4919.66 4919.66
Interface Temperature T_interface °C 179.6 179.5 179.5 179.5 179.5
Heat Loss per Unit Length W/m 1187.31 1374.12 1374.00 1374.00 1374.00
 Thermophysical properties of Air
CheGuide.com Date 19-Dec-15
Chemical Engineer's Guide By CheGuide

Literature Values Calculated Values

T Cp µ.10^7 ν.10^6 k.10^3 α.10^6 Pr Cp µ.10^7 ν.10^6 k.10^3 α.10^6 Pr
K kJ/Kg.K N.s/m2 m2/s w/m.K m2/s kJ/Kg.K N.s/m2 m2/s w/m.K m2/s
100 1.032 71.1 2.00 9.34 2.54 0.786 1.029 71.2 1.95 9.40 2.76 0.784
150 1.012 103.4 4.43 13.80 5.84 0.758 1.016 103.2 4.45 13.77 5.69 0.759
200 1.007 132.5 7.59 18.10 10.30 0.737 1.009 132.6 7.64 18.06 10.10 0.738
250 1.006 159.6 11.44 22.30 15.90 0.720 1.005 159.7 11.48 22.23 15.76 0.721
300 1.007 184.6 15.89 26.30 22.50 0.707 1.005 184.8 15.91 26.26 22.48 0.707
350 1.009 208.2 20.92 30.00 29.90 0.700 1.008 208.2 20.89 30.13 30.09 0.697
400 1.014 230.1 26.41 33.80 38.30 0.690 1.014 230.0 26.37 33.84 38.43 0.690
450 1.021 250.7 32.39 37.30 47.20 0.686 1.021 250.5 32.34 37.36 47.37 0.685
500 1.030 270.1 38.79 40.70 56.70 0.684 1.030 269.9 38.74 40.70 56.81 0.683
550 1.040 288.4 45.57 43.90 66.70 0.683 1.041 288.4 45.55 43.87 66.64 0.684
600 1.051 305.8 52.69 46.90 76.90 0.685 1.052 305.9 52.74 46.85 76.79 0.686
650 1.063 322.5 60.21 49.70 87.30 0.690 1.063 322.8 60.29 49.67 87.22 0.691
700 1.075 338.8 68.10 52.40 98.00 0.695 1.075 338.9 68.18 52.34 97.88 0.696
750 1.087 354.6 76.37 54.90 109.00 0.702 1.087 354.5 76.39 54.89 108.78 0.702
800 1.099 369.8 84.93 57.30 120.00 0.709 1.098 369.6 84.91 57.32 119.92 0.708
850 1.110 384.3 93.80 59.60 131.00 0.716 1.110 384.1 93.73 59.68 131.33 0.714
900 1.121 398.1 102.90 62.00 143.00 0.720 1.121 398.1 102.84 62.00 143.06 0.720
950 1.131 411.3 112.20 64.30 155.00 0.723 1.131 411.5 112.24 64.31 155.18 0.724
1000 1.141 424.4 121.90 66.70 168.00 0.726 1.141 424.3 121.93 66.67 167.78 0.726

Source : Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer (2007), Frank P Incropera

 4th Order Polynomial Fitting
Specific Heat Curve Fitting
C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
3.037237362E-13 -1.113199569E-09 1.443822734E-06 -0.000565338776 1.07223839
1.010136909E-13 2.234837889E-10 1.687059059E-07 4.989424901E-05 0.004670362
0.999042212985 0.0016371331436 #N/A #N/A #N/A

Viscosity Curve Fitting

C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
-1.586E-10 5.115E-07 -7.246E-04 7.978E-01 -1.850E+00
1.054183445E-11 2.332286925E-08 1.760622461E-05 0.005206986384 0.487401039
0.999998060178 0.170851955011 #N/A #N/A #N/A

Kinematic Viscosity Curve Fitting

C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
2.25852005E-11 -8.320928493E-08 0.000172673155 0.010637280178 -0.761083591
3.432282841E-12 7.593619904E-09 5.732355493E-06 0.001695326378 0.158691377
0.999998380786 0.0556271525781 #N/A #N/A #N/A

Thermal Conductivity Curve Fitting

C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
3.171763401E-11 -5.902293904E-08 4.585308598E-06 0.088867887585 0.520072239
3.722127058E-12 8.234874402E-09 6.216432757E-06 0.001838490729 0.172092305
0.999991079922 0.0603246700071 #N/A #N/A #N/A

Alpha Curve Fitting

C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
1.355686356E-10 -3.805876778E-07 0.000446482544 -0.035935527709 2.254489164
1.175144781E-11 2.5999031E-08 1.962643509E-05 0.005804457375 0.543327435
0.999990160622 0.1904562096223 #N/A #N/A #N/A

Prandtl Number Curve Fitting

C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
-2.08437858E-13 -1.727872343E-11 8.006242938E-07 -0.000694605926 0.845781218
8.631289139E-14 1.9095958E-10 1.441536726E-07 4.263300208E-05 0.003990671
0.997930290435 0.0013988766662 #N/A #N/A #N/A
Thermophysical properties of Air
CheGuide.com Date 19-Dec-15
Chemical Engineer's Guide By CheGuide

Thermal Conductivity of Plain Carbon Steel

T K K Calculated 3rd Order Polynomial Curve Fitting
K W/m.K W/m.K C1.T^3 C2.T^2 C3.T C4
400 58.7 58.70 2.08E-09 8.15E-19 -5.11E-02 79
600 48.8 48.80 0 0 0 0
800 39.2 39.20 1 0 #N/A #N/A
1000 30.0 30.00

Thermal Conductivity of Calcium Silicate

T K K Calculated
K W/m.K W/m.K 4th Order Polynomial Curve Fitting
310 0.055 0.0551 C1.T^4 C2.T^3 C3.T^2 C4.T C5
365 0.059 0.0587 3.157115E-13 -7.5E-10 7.3655E-07 -0.000225 0.07333604
420 0.063 0.0633 9.115007E-13 1.92E-09 1.4674E-06 0.0004836 0.057855679
530 0.075 0.0748 0.9998638 0.0005 #N/A #N/A #N/A
645 0.089 0.0891
750 0.104 0.1040

Source : Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer (2007), Frank P Incropera