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    Suneel Kumar Prajapati
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    Sociologists have developed various ways to classify social groups. G. Simmel divided groups based on their size into smaller collections of people and larger collections. Dwright Sanderson classified groups into involuntary, voluntary, delegate, professional, and representative groups based on their structure. F. Tonms classified groups into urban/industrial and rural/mental standard low groups based on their community and society characteristics. According to Cooley, there are two main types of social groups - primary groups characterized by intimate face-to-face association and cooperation, and secondary groups which are always goal oriented with impersonal, indirect relationships and optional membership.

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    Sociologists have developed various ways to classify social groups. G. Simmel divided groups based on their size into smaller collections of people and larger collections. Dwright Sanderson classified groups into involuntary, voluntary, delegate, professional, and representative groups based on their structure. F. Tonms classified groups into urban/industrial and rural/mental standard low groups based on their community and society characteristics. According to Cooley, there are two main types of social groups - primary groups characterized by intimate face-to-face association and cooperation, and secondary groups which are always goal oriented with impersonal, indirect relationships and optional membership.

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    630 views2 pages

    Classification of Social Group PDF

    Uploaded by

    Suneel Kumar Prajapati
    Sociologists have developed various ways to classify social groups. G. Simmel divided groups based on their size into smaller collections of people and larger collections. Dwright Sanderson classified groups into involuntary, voluntary, delegate, professional, and representative groups based on their structure. F. Tonms classified groups into urban/industrial and rural/mental standard low groups based on their community and society characteristics. According to Cooley, there are two main types of social groups - primary groups characterized by intimate face-to-face association and cooperation, and secondary groups which are always goal oriented with impersonal, indirect relationships and optional membership.

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    Classification of Social Group

    A person; is a member of different groups and these groups satisfy our desires we may either
    start a group or become a member. Many sociologists have classified--

    According to G.Simmel​ he has divided group on basis of number of people in the group. He is
    a German sociology. According to him there are two groups (i) smaller collection of people (ii)
    larger scale collection of people

    Dwright Sanderson​ classifies group on the basis of structure of the group. According to him
    there are three groups.
    1-involuntary group
    2-voluntary group
    3-delegate group
    4-Professional group
    5-Representative group

    F,Tonms​ – basis of community and society. His classification into 2 is :


    Classified​ – Urban character – industrialization
    Gesselschaft​ – ​Mental standard low​ – rural
    Temporary group which is formed for some time like crowd, public mob-
    Permanent group​ – Village, State – we live permanently.
    Regional group​ – State, nation
    Cultural group – groups for some cultural purpose, recreational, educational group, religion.

    According to cooler There are two types of social group--

    Primary Group
    Cooley – "By primary group I mean those characterized by intimate face to face association and
    co-operation. They are primary in several senses, but chiefly they are fundamental informing
    social nature & ideals of the individual"
    Lundberg in his book "Sociology" – "Primary group means two or more person behaving in
    relation to each other in a way that is intimate, cohesive and personal.

    Secondary Group---
    Secondary Group: Always goal oriented. There is co-operation but this co-operation is indirect.
    Impersonal and indirect relationship. It is optional membership. Eg. Trade Union, City, person,
    etc. Large in size. There is seldom face to face relationship no mutual identification.
    According to Cooley – There are groups wholly backing in intimacy of association and usually
    most of the other primary and quasi – primary characteristic.

    Characteristics of secondary group –

    1-To fulfill some common goal


    2-Lacking in intimacy
    3-Indirect relationship
    4-Optional membership.

    Thank you 🙏💕

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