Power System Protection

7 – IDMT OCR SETTING & COORDINATION

Fauzan Hanif Jufri, S.T., M.Sc.

Departemen Teknik Elektro

Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia
Introduction
 Instantaneous OCR (50), works based on the current level without
any time setting.
 This type of OCR can only be applied If there is a significant
difference of impedance between one point to another.
 Definite Time OCR (51), works based on the time delay at a specific
level of current.
 The application of this type of OCR has a disadvantage, which
is the highest fault current level to be cleared in the longest
operating time.
 Hence, the combination of instantaneous and definite time relay
can be used, which is called Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT)
OCR.

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IDMT OCR SETTING
Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) OCR
 There are two parameters to consider in the IDMT OCR setting.
• Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM)
• Time Multiplier Setting (TMS)
 IDMT has various Time-Current Curve (TCC) type, such as Standard
Inverse (SI), Very Inverse (VI), and Extremely Inverse (EI). And each type
has its own TCC depends on the Time Multiplier Setting (TMS).

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IDMT OCR SETTING Standard Inverse (SI) IDMT

Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) OCR TMS

 By setting the PSM and TMS, we can find the operating time of
the relay of each combination.
 For instance, the relay operating time if = 1 and
= 5 will be around 4 seconds (look at the curve).
 Or, it can also be found by the equation
0.14 0.14
= × . =1× . ≈ 4.3 s
−1 −1

PSM

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IDMT OCR SETTING
 Another example, let say the PSM is 10, and with different TMS, then
the operating time of the relay will be different:
• TMS = 1, operating time = 3 seconds
• TMS = 0.8, operating time = 2.4 seconds
• TMS = 0.6, operating time = 1.8 seconds

 Hence, the IDMT OCR setting can be done if the PSM and TMS are
known. How to determine the PSM and TMS…?
• PSM  desired pick-up current
• TMS  desired operating time

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IDMT OCR SETTING
I. Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM)
 PSM is used to set the current level that the OCR will work.
 This current level is called Pick-up Current, or setting current, which is the minimum current required for
the relay to operate. Pick-up current is determined by considering the inrush current, motor starting
current, and maximum fault current.

= =
− ( × )

 Previously, for the electromechanical relay, the setting of pick-up current was done by setting the Plug
Setting Multiplier (PSM). For instance as shown in the figure, the “plug” is attached to the value of 5,
which means that the pick-up current is set to be 5 times of rated current of secondary of CT.
 Later on, the concept of PSM is also adopted by other types of relay, such as solid state relay and
numerical (microprocessor) relay, even though it does not physically use the plug.

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OCR COORDINATION
 Selecting the pick-up current
• Pick-up (setting) current is set to be higher than the full load current, .
• Provide an error tolerance, , of 10-15%.
• Provide a drop-off/pick-up tolerance, , of 90-95% (or refer to the manufacturing datasheet).
• Hence, the pick-up current is calculated as

≥ + ×

 For example, a 3-phase motor rated of 1 MVA, 400 V is protected by an OCR. Then, the full load current is
,
= = 1,440 A, and the pick-up current will be = 100 + 15 × = 1,743 A.

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IDMT OCR SETTING
II. Time Multiplier Setting (TMS)
 TMS is used to set the operating time of the OCR.
 It is also called Time Dial, which is the time adjustment (or speed) of the tripping
mechanism of the relay.
• In the electromechanical relay, TMS is set by rotating the “dial”.
• In the solid state and numerical relays, TMS is set directly by putting the desired
value.
=
=1

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IDMT OCR SETTING
Steps of IDMT OCR setting.
1) Find the fault current,
2) Find the pick-up current,
3) Calculate the PSM and set PSM value to the relay
4) Determine the operating time, let say 2 seconds.
2
5) Calculate TMS and set TMS to the relay.
Example: 3
1) I = 100A
2) I = 1 kA
3) I = 100 + 12.5 × ≅ 125A
1
4) PSM = I /I =8
.
5) t = 2 seconds, TMS = t ×
.
= 0.6

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OCR COORDINATION
 Relay coordination is used to discriminate the operation between two adjacent relay in order to
assign the zone of protection.
 For Instantaneous OCR (50), the coordination is employed based on the current level. Hence, the
further the relay from the source, then the current setting will be lower, and vice versa. The
problem occurs when the two adjacent relay is not separated with an appreciably impedance, so
that the setting current might be almost similar and might lead to maloperation.
 For Definite Time OCR (51), the coordination is employed based on the delay time. Hence, the
closer relay will have a longer delay. The problem occurs because the highest fault current will be
isolated lastly.
 Therefore, IDMT OCR is generally used to overcome abovementioned problems.

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OCR COORDINATION
Grading for relay coordination
 Grading is defined as the operation time different between two adjacent OCR in order to obtain a discrimination.
 Grading is based on the maximum fault current, so that the OCR may have discrimination capability for all level of
fault current.
 The rule-of-thumb is that the operation time of the OCR closer to the source must be higher than the OCR further
from the source.
 Grading margin time interval, , can be determined as follow:
2 +
= + + +
100
o , grading margin time interval o , CB interrupting time 0.10 seconds
o , relay error allowance 5% o , relay overshoot time 0.05 seconds
o , CT error allowance 5% o , safety margin 0.10 seconds
o , nominal operating time of relay nearer to fault,

 Generally, in practice, the grading margin time interval used is between 0.30 to 0.50 seconds.

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OCR COORDINATION
OCR Coordination Example
Determine the PSM and TMS setting of relay A (operating time is 0.6 s) and B so that they have grading margin
time of 0.5 s ( = 0.5 s) !

Rele-A
 I , =5A
 I , = 1.25 × 5 = 6.25 A
 I , = × , = × 1400 = 70 A

Rele-B
 I , =5A
 I , = 1.25 × 5 = 6.25 A
 I , = × , = × 1400 = 35 A

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 OCR COORDINATION
OCR Coordination Example

Rele-A Rele-B
 I , =5  I , =5
 I , = 6.25  I , = 6.25
 I , = 70  I , = 35
, ,
 , = = .
= .  , = = .
= .
, ,

 t , = 0.6 s  t , =t , + T = 0.6 + 0.5 = .

. . TMS=0.28
, ,
 , =t , × = .  , =t , × = . TMS=0.21
. .

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OCR COORDINATION
OCR Coordination Example

Rele-B Rele-A
 = .6  = .
 = .  = .
 Operating time = 1.1 s  Operating time = 0.6 s

 Hence, if the fault current occurred is 1400 A at the points as shown in the figure, then Relay-A will operate
within 0.6 s. If Relay-A fails to operate then Relay-B will operate as back-up within 1.1 s.
 If, let say, the fault occurs between A and B, with the fault current is twice (2800 A), then Relay-B will
operate faster than 1.1 s, because 1.1 s is set for 1400 A fault current which means higher fault level will
cause the relay to operate faster.
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