CHAPTER I

FOREWORD

A. Background

Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is a kind of crops that widely known in the
tropics. Plants belonging to the tribe of legumes (Fabaceae) has a lot of benefits
in our daily lives as a source of vegetable protein food high. Green beans in
Indonesia ranks as the third most important legume crop, after soybean and
peanut.

Water is one of factor that very influence in plants. Because it contains

compounds that plant needs in order to grow and develop, H2O. As we know
that plant’s needs of nutrients is divided into two kinds. First is macronutrients
which are C,O,H,N,S,K,Ca,P,and Mg. Second is micronutrients which are
Cl,Fe,B,Mn,Zn,Cu,and Mo. In this case, we are using different type of water
which are tap water, sugar solution, and rice water. We are using that types of
water, because we know that each type has also different compounds. So our
goal for this experiment is to know what will happend if the same plants are
watered by different type of water , which plants are growing faster, and what
type of water that causing the plants are grow faster.

We will conduct experiments on a variety of media mung bean (water) to

green plants for green beans easily developed and grown. in addition, many
useful applications in everyday example as breakfast in the morning or as a
drug.

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 B. Problem
1. From the results of the research to be carried out, Is there any effect of
rice and sugar solution on the growth of bean plants?
2. How is a bean plant if given a solution of rice, water, and sugar ?
3. Does the growth of beans in tap water, rice water, and sugar solution can
be different?
4. How do you compare the rate of growth and development of beans are
watered with different types of water (tap water, rice water and sugar
solution) ?

C. Research Objective

Based on the description above formulation of the problem,the goal of this

research is as follows:

1. To determine and analyze the comparative pace of growth and

development of peas by watered with various types of water.
2. To determine the main factors causing the difference the speed of growth
of green beans.

D. Hyphothesis
Ho : There are not effects to grow and develop Mung Beans that
watered by different type of water (tap water, sugar solution, and rice
water).
HI : There are effects to grow and develop Mung Beans that watered
by different type of water (tap water, sugar solution, and rice water).

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 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE

A. Classification

Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Order : Fabales
Family : Fabaceae
Genus : Vigna
Species : V. Radiata

B. Germination

Germination is the process of growth of the embryo within the seed that
slowly becoming a young plant. The stages of growth and development of the
plants so that the germination is as follows.

Cells division : The number of multiply.

Specialization : similar cells are grouped.

Differentiation of cells : cells having different shapes and functions.

Organogenesis cell : The process of formation of plant organs.

Morphogenesis of cells : one with the other organs have specificity in form
and function.

Germination : The process of seed growth into new ones.

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Based on the position of cotiledon, there are two types of germination; hypogeal
germination and epigeal germination.

1. Hypogeal Germination
Hypogeal germination occurs due to the growth of stretching
that causes epicotil plumula out through the skin and seeds appear
above the ground, whereas in plants the grain, food taken from the
endosperm. For example,plant seeds Beans Peas(Pisum sativum).

2. Epigeal Germination
In epigeal development, hypocotyl growth lengthwise. As a
result, plumula and cotyledons pushed to the ground surface, such
as solar relationship (Helianthus annuus) and green beans
(Phaseolus radiantus). In the epigeal germination, the cotyledons
were exposed to sunlight to develop chlorophyll and can conduct
photosynthesis, but before that happens, the food supply is taken
from the endosperm. Cotyledons only serves as a leaf
photosynthesis, that is, before the leaves actually grow.

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C. Growth and Development

Growth is :
1) changes in biological events that occur in living organisms in the form
of increase in size (volume, mass, and height).
2) irreversible.
3) Can be measured and expressed quantitatively .
4) Auksanometer is a tool to measure the longitudinal growth of the plant,
which consists of a control system fitted on the bow scale needle or
needles that can underscores the cylinder player.

Development is :
1) The process in which organism reach functional maturity.
2) Differentiation of cells.
3) This process takes place qualitatively.

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D. Factors that influence Growth and Development

1. Internal factors
i. Genetics (heredity) : Genes are units of inheritance is
for living organisms. Work to encode genes and traits specific
activity in growth and development.
ii. Enzymes : are biomolecules such as proteins
that serve as catalysts (compounds that accelerate the reaction
process without completely reacted) in an organic chemical
reaction.
iii. Hormones (Phythohormone): is a group of organic, either
naturally occurring or made by, which in very small levels
capable of pushing, inhibit, or alter the growth, development,
and movement (taksis) plants.

2. External factors
i. Light
ii. Temperature
iii. Nutrients
iv. Humidity
v. Ph
vi. Various water

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E. Varieties of water

1. Rice water : the highest nutritional content in rice is found in the

epidermis of it. Unfortunately most of the nutrients to the epidermis
has been lost during the milling process. Approximately 80% of the
vitamin B1, 70% of vitamin B3, vitamin B6 90%, 50% manganese
(Mn), 50% phosphorus (P), 60% iron (Fe), 100% fiber, and essential
fatty acids is lost in the process of making rice.
2. Tap water : at standard temperature and pressure. Water is tasteless
and odorless. Intrinsic color of water and ice is a very slight blue
color, although both appear colorless in small quantities. Water vapor
is essentially invisible as a gas.
3. Sugar solution: Sugar is a simple carbohydrate that is a source of
energy and a major trade commodity. The mosy heavily traded sugar
in the form of crystalline solid sucrose. Sugar is used to change the
flavor becomes sweeter and the state of food or drink. Simple sugar,
such as glucose (which is produced from sucrose by enzymes or acid
hydrolysis), storing energy that will be used by the cell. Sugar
containts two kinds of carbohydrates, which are monosaccharides and
Disaccharides. Monosaccharides contains glucose,fructose,and
galactose. Disaccharides contains sucrose,maltose,and lactose.

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 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD

A. Type research
This research can be said as experiment research. Because in this
research, the researcher do the trial directly to compare the rate of the
growth and development of mung beans that watered by a different type
of water.

B. Date and Place

This experiment is held on 12 september 2014 up to 9 october 2014, in
Darul Hikam International School (infront of girls dormitory).

C. Equipment and Materials:

- Beans..............................5/a polybag
- Polybag...........................6
- Soil.................................7cm
- Sugar solution................10ml
- Regular Water................10ml
- Rice Water.....................10ml

D. Variables

The variable is the object of research or what is the point of a research.

Independent : tap water, rice water, sugar solution
Dependent : The process of growing peas (high).

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E. Procedure

-Step I work for the immersion process(imbibition) green beans

1.Select the bean that has a good quality
2.Soak peas for 1night in the basin
3.Take or choose the bean that stay at the bottom of the sink or basin
which indicates a good quality.

- Step II process to work planting of green beans:

1. Prepare 6 pieces of polybags
2. Fill the soil with the size of 5cm in each polybag
3. Labled each polybag to distinguish which uses plain water, sugar
water, and rice water
4. Put the mung beans that have been imbibited. In each polybag must
contains 5 seeds
5. Wait for a few days to see the green beans germination comes up.

- Step III to work to examine the growth rate of green beans:

1. Flush each polybag with different types of water, as already set at 10ml
per one flush to each polybag with the same time
2. Observation for 15 days to see the growth rate of plant growth by
measuring the height of each individual who has grown
3. Record the data

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 CHAPTER IV
RESULT
A. Analysis Data

DAY Average
1 3 5 7 9 11 13
1 1.5 2 3 3.5 3.7 - - 2.74
Tap water (p1)
2 1.5 2 2.4 2.9 3 - - 2.36
DAY Average
1 3 5 7 9 11 13
1 2 4 5.1 6.9 9 - - 5.4
Rice water (p2)
2 2 3.8 5.5 7 8.5 - - 5.36
DAY Average
1 3 5 7 9 11 13
1 0.8 2 4.6 5.2 6 - - 3.72
Sugar solution (p3)
2 1 3.7 5 5.8 6.4 - - 4.98

Photos of Beans sprouts

1. Imbibition

2. Germination

Name Day 1 Day 3 Day5 Day7 Day9

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 P.1&2
(rice water )

Name Day 1 Day 3 Day5 Day7 Day9

P.1&2
(sugar
solution)

Name Day 1 Day 3 Day5 Day7 Day9

P.1&2
(tap
water)

B. Conclusion
Based on our experiment, Rice Water will grow faster than tap
water because rice water has a lot of nutrients that are
abundant.Meanwhile plants given normal water superior to the sugar
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 water because the plant does not actually require the intake of glucose
from the land they who make their own glucose through a process of
photosynthesis.
If plants absorb water from the soil through osmosis (movement of
fluid from low concentration to high concentration). Usually ground
water concentrations lower than the concentrations in the roots of
plants, so osmosis will occur more smoothly. The addition of glucose
harms the growth process due to high glucose levels can increase the
osmotic pressure in the fluid ground. Osmotik gradient decreases and
causes the absorption of water into the roots of the plant will be
reduced. If the soil makes glucose concentrations exceeding
groundwater concentrations in the roots of the plant, this will result in
water from the soil to the roots so that the plant will be stunted
dehydrate and die.

C. References

www.id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ercis
www.slideshare.net/mobile/dewidian4/pengamatan-pengaruh-duhu
www.m.okezone.com/read/air-cucian-beras-bisa-suburkan-tanaman
www.slideshare.net/mobile/HalizaArumdanya/laporan-hasil-penelitian-biologi-
pengaruh -jenis- media-air-pada-pertumbuhan-dan-perkembangan-tanaman-
kacang-kacangan.

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