C15 Industrial Engine JRE00001-UP(SEBP3815 - 34) - Document Structure Page 1 of 4

Systems Operation
C15 and C18 Industrial Engines
Media Number -SENR9843-04 Publication Date -01/05/2009 Date Updated -07/05/2009

i02859768

Cooling System
SMCS - 1350

This engine has a pressurized cooling system that is equipped with a shunt line.

A pressurized cooling system gives two advantages. First, the cooling system can be operated safely at a temperature that
is higher than the boiling point of water. Next, cavitation in the water pump is prevented. It is more difficult for air or
steam pockets to be made in the cooling system.

Note: Use a coolant mixture with a 30 percent ethylene glycol base in an air-to-air aftercooler system. The ethylene
glycol base must be used for efficient water pump performance. This mixture keeps the temperature range of the coolant
high enough for efficient performance.

Illustration 1 g01096647
Cooling system for a warm engine

(1) Cylinder head

(2) Water temperature regulator

(3) Outlet hose

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(4) Vent line

(5) Vent tube

(6) Shunt line

(7) Elbow

(8) Water pump

(9) Cylinder block

(10) Oil cooler

(11) Inlet hose

(12) Radiator

In operation, the water pump (8) sends most of the coolant from the radiator (12) to the oil cooler (10) .

The coolant from the oil cooler (10) goes into the cylinder block (9) through a bonnet and an elbow. The coolant goes
around the cylinder liners, through the water directors and into the cylinder head.

The water directors send the flow of coolant around the valves and the passages for exhaust gases in the cylinder head.
The coolant then goes to the front of the cylinder head. At this point, water temperature regulator (2) controls the
direction of coolant flow.

The water temperature regulator (2) is closed when the engine is cold. The coolant flows through the regulator housing
and elbow (7) back to water pump (8) .

If the coolant is at normal operating temperature, the water temperature regulator (2) opens and the coolant flows to the
radiator (12) through the outlet hose (3) . The coolant becomes cooler as the coolant moves through the radiator. When
the coolant gets to the bottom of the radiator, the coolant goes through the inlet hose (11) and into the water pump (8) .

Note: The water temperature regulator (2) is an important part of the cooling system. The water temperature regulator (2)
divides the coolant flow between the radiator (12) and the bypass elbow (7) . This will maintain the correct temperature.
If the water temperature regulator is not installed in the system, there is no mechanical control. Most of the coolant will
go through the bypass. This will cause the engine to overheat in hot weather. If a higher volume of coolant goes through
the radiator, the engine will not reach normal operating temperatures. This occurs during cold weather.

Shunt line (6) gives several advantages to the cooling system. The shunt line gives a positive coolant pressure at the
water pump inlet that prevents pump cavitation. A small flow of coolant constantly goes through shunt line (6) to the
inlet of water pump (8) . This causes a small amount of coolant to move constantly through the vent tube (5) . The flow
through the vent tube is small and the volume of the upper compartment is large. Air in the coolant is removed as the
coolant goes into the upper compartment.

The vent line is used to fill the cooling system with coolant for the first time. This will purge any air out of the top of a
bottom filled system.

Coolant For Air Compressor

The coolant for the air compressor (2) comes from the cylinder block through an inlet hose and into the air compressor.
The coolant goes from the air compressor through the outlet hose back into the front of the cylinder head.

Coolant for the Turbocharger

Coolant for the turbocharger comes from a connection that is after the water pump. This connection is before the engine
oil cooler. The coolant flows through a hose to the turbocharger cartridge. The cartridge has two inlets and two outlets.

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An inlet and a outlet are used for coolant flow. The coolant cools the turbocharger cartridge. The other inlet and the other
outlet are used for lubrication of the bearings.

Coolant Conditioner (An Attachment)

Illustration 2 g01424584
Schematic of cooling system with coolant conditioner (typical example)

(13) Temperature regulator housing. (14) Coolant outlet to radiator. (15) Vent line with orifice at cylinder head. (16) Radiator. (17)
Shunt line. (18) Bypass. (19) Water pump. (20) Coolant conditioner element. (21) Engine oil cooler. (22) Coolant temperature sensor.
(23) Coolant inlet from radiator.

Some conditions of operation can cause pitting on the outer surface of the cylinder liners and on the cylinder block
surface next to the liners. This pitting is caused by corrosion or by cavitation erosion. A corrosion inhibitor is a chemical
that provides a reduction in pitting. The addition of a corrosion inhibitor can keep this type of damage to a minimum.

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Coolant conditioner element (20) is a spin-on element that is similar to a fuel filter and to oil filter elements. The coolant
conditioner element attaches to coolant conditioner base that is mounted on the engine or mounted on a remote location.
Coolant flows through lines from the water pump to the base and back to the air compressor (accessories). Coolant
constantly flows through the coolant conditioner element.

The element has a specific amount of inhibitor for acceptable cooling system protection. As the coolant flows through
the element, the corrosion inhibitor goes into the solution. The corrosion inhibitor is a dry solution, so the inhibitor
dissolves. The corrosion inhibitor then mixes to the correct concentration. Two basic types of elements are used for the
cooling system. The two elements are the precharge elements and the maintenance elements. Each type of element has a
specific use. The elements must be used correctly in order to get the necessary concentration for cooling system
protection. The elements also contain a filter.

The precharge element contains more than the normal amount of inhibitor. The precharge element is used when a system
is first filled with new coolant. This element must add enough inhibitor in order to bring the complete cooling system up
to the correct concentration.

The maintenance elements have a normal amount of inhibitor. The maintenance elements are installed at the first change
interval. A sufficient amount of inhibitor is provided by the maintenance elements in order to maintain the corrosion
protection at an acceptable level. After the first change interval, only maintenance elements are installed. In order to
provide the cooling system with protection, maintenance elements are installed at specific intervals.

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