Definition, Structure, Function, Application and How it Works Basic IC NE555

Before entering the NE555 IC, we must know what an IC is. Integrated
Circuit or abbreviated as IC is an Active Electronic Component consisting of a
combination of hundreds, thousands or even millions of Transistors, Diodes,
Resistors and Capacitors which are integrated into an Electronic Circuit in a small
package. The main material that forms an Integrated Circuit (IC) is the
Semiconductor Material. Silicon is the most commonly used semiconductor
material in Integrated Circuit Fabrication Technology (IC). In Indonesian,
Integrated Circuit or IC is often translated as Integrated Circuit.

NE555 which has 8 pins (feet) is one of the electronic components that is
quite famous, simple, and versatile with a size that is less than 1/2 cm and the
price is very cheap on the market around Rp. 2,000 to Rp. 5,000

Basically the main application of IC NE555 is used as a Timer with

monostable circuit operations and Pulse Generators with astable circuit
operations. In addition, it can also be used as a Time Delay Generator and
Sequential Timing.

• Function of each IC NE555 foot (pin)

IC NE555 symbol
 PIN function
First Ground (0V), is the input pin of the most negative DC voltage source
Trigger, negative input from the lower comparator (comparator B) which
second maintains the lowest voltage oscillation of the capacitor at 1/3 Vcc and
adjusts the RS flip-flop
third Output, the output pin of IC 555.
Reset, is a pin that functions to reset the latch inside the IC which will
affect the reset of the IC work. This pin is connected to a gate (gate)
fourth
transistor type PNP, so the transistor will be active if given a logic low.
Usually this pin is directly connected to Vcc so that no reset occurs
Control voltage, this pin serves to regulate the stability of the negative
input reference voltage (comparator A). this pin can be left hanging
fifth
(ignored), but to ensure the stability of the comparator A reference, it is
usually connected with a capacitor of around 10 nF to the ground pin
Threshold, this pin is connected to a positive input (comparator A) that
sixth will reset the RS flip-flop when the voltage on this pin starts to exceed
2/3 Vcc
Discharge, this pin is connected to the internal open collector transistor
seventh (Tr) whose emitter is connected to ground. This transistor switching
functions to clamp the appropriate node to ground at certain timings
Acc, this pin is for receiving DC voltage supply. Usually it will work
optimally if given a 5V to 15V. The current supply can be seen in the
eighth
datasheet, which is around 10mA to 15mA.

Internal IC NE555 Schema

• Internal Scheme

In the diagram, the small internal IC NE555 consists of: 2 comparators

(voltage comparators), 3 resistors as dividers, 2 transistors (in practice and
analysis work, transistors connected to pin 4 are usually directly connected to
Vcc) , 1 SR Flip-flop that will adjust the output in certain logic states, and 1
inverter.

By looking at the diagram and table figures, in general the internal IC works
can be explained that, when pin 4 is reset as given a voltage of 0V or logic low (0),
the output at pin 3 will be logic low too. Only when pin 4 (reset) is given a signal
or logic high (1), the NE555's output will change according to the threshold
voltage (pin 6) and trigger voltage (pin 2) given.

When the threshold voltage at pin 6 exceeds 2/3 of the supply voltage (Vcc)
and the logic output at pin 3 has high logic (1), the internal transistor (Tr) will
turn-on so that it will reduce the threshold voltage to less than 1/3 of supply
voltage. During this time interval, the output at pin 3 will be logic low (0).

After that, when the input signal or trigger on pin 2 which has low logic (0)
starts to change and reaches 1/3 of Vcc, the internal transistor (Tr) will turn-off.
Switching transistors that turn-off will increase the threshold voltage so that the
IC NE555's output which was originally logic low (0) will again logic high (1).

Actually the basic workings of the NE555 IC are full combinations and are
inseparable from all internal components consisting of 3 resistors, 2 comparators,
2 transistors, 1 flip-flop and 1 inverter, all of which will be discussed on another
occasion . At the same time with external circuit / components that support it.