ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)

ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION (OIC)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

COURSE: EEE 4306 (ELECTRICAL MACHINES I LAB)

EXPERIMENT NO.: 06
NAME OF EXPERIMENT: Open Circuit & Short Circuit Test on Transformer

OBJECTIVE:

The performance of the transformer can be evaluated on the basis of its equivalent circuit. The different
parameters of its equivalent circuit for a particular transformer can be determined conveniently by
implementing-

i. Open circuit test

ii. Short circuit test

on that transformer. In this experiment, a single phase transformer will be characterized by means of these
two tests. In fact, the testing of very large ac machinery consists of running two tests similar to the open
circuit test and the short circuit test tests of a transformer.

THEORY:

The equivalent circuit of a transformer is generally shown as follows making some approximations:

jX1 jX2
R1 R2

V1 RC jXm V2

The resistance of the windings of a transformer as obtained from wheatstone bridge measurements is not
the correct value to use for copper loss calculations. If the transformer windings are made from heavy
section of copper strap, eddy currents inside the conductor will increase the effective resistance when an
alternating current is in the winding. The short circuit and the open circuit tests may be used to determine
the values of components in the transformer model.
Open Circuit Test Or No- Load Test:With one winding of the transformer open, the nominal voltage
applied to the other winding and hence normal iron loss occurs. As the no-load current is small, the
copper loss may be neglected. Therefore, the input power represents essentially the core loss. Measuring
input voltage, input current and input power, the iron loss component and the magnetizing component of
the no-load current can be determined. These two components in turn give the values of R0 and X0.

Short Circuit Test:With one winding of the transformer short-circuited, a reduced voltage is applied to
the other winding so that rated current flows. At this small voltage, core loss is very small. The input
power essentially gives the copper loss of both the windings. Measuring input voltage, input current and
input power, R01 and X01 can be determined.

EQUIPMENT:

1. Single phase transformer

2. Single phase auto transformer
3. Wattmeter
4. Ammeter (1A,5A)
5. Voltmeter(240V)

CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

55

CC 0
55
A

Power 220
0
Supply Variac V PC 55

0
55

Connection Diagram for Open Circuit Test

 55

A
CC 0
55
A
220
Power 0
Supply Variac V PC 55

0
55

Connection Diagram for Short Circuit Test

PROCEDURE:

1. Record the nameplate data of the transformer. Calculate the rated current from the nameplate
data.
2. Make connections for the no-load test as shown in the figure.
3. By varying the applied voltage in steps from zero upwards up to the rated voltage. For each step,
take the readings of the applied voltage, the input power and the input current.
4. Tabulate your observations and determine the values of R0 and X0for the equivalent circuit of the
transformer.
5. Make connection for the short circuit test as shown in the figure. Use the low voltage winding for
short circuit. Set zero voltage at the input.
6. Increase the input voltage starting from zero in steps. For each step, take the readings of the
applied voltage, the input power and the current. Increase the voltage till the rated full load
current of the transformer is reached.
7. Tabulate your observations and determine the values of R01 and X01 for the equivalent circuit of
the transformer.
8. Draw the complete equivalent circuit for the transformer and comment on your results.