ANGLES OF NEASUREMENTS: Trevolution =2nrad = 360° = 400 grads = 6400 mils ‘Complementary Angles = 2 angles whose sums 90° Supplementary Angles = 2 angles whose sum is 180° Explementary Angles = 2 angles whose sum is 360° RIGHT TRIANGLE FORMULAS: a c sinA== cscs ¢ a c a cas? geeand ce b oA b Ase awe tanA=2 cotA=e Pythagorean Theorem: a? + b?=c2 ‘OBLIQUE TRIANGLES FORMULAS: y a oe Sine Law: _ be nA sinB~ sing Cosine Law: 4 at = bl + cl 2becos A. bis att 2 2accos B 2s at +b? 2ab cos C FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS: Reciprocal Relations: cotA=1/ tan A secA=1/'cos A escA=1/sinA Quotient Relations: sind cos tan A= = cot A= Pythagorean Relations: sin?A + costA = 1 1+ tanta = sect 1+ coBA = csc2A IDENTMES: Co-function Identi sin (90-8) = cos @ cos (90° 8) = sin @ tan (90° - 8) = cot 8 ‘Sum of Two Angles: sin (A + B)=sin A cos B+ cos A sin B cos (A + B)=cos A cos B~sinAsinB tanA+tanB tan (A+ B)= Jota AtanB Difference of Two Angles: -B)=sin A cosB-cos Asin B ~ _-€08 (A~B)=cos A cos B+ sin A sinB tanA~tanB fan (A-B)= naan Double Angle: sin 2A =2sin Acos A cos 2A = costA - sin?A an A tan 2A = an 1-tan?7A Half-Angle: : AL, [reesa sin 24S A, [ieesa cos 5 ; tan 8 = [sea a TycosA Squares: t+c0s2A 14 c0s2A sintA = cost = 2 2 1-cos2A tanta = —— T+ eos2d Versine (versed sine): vers A= 1-cos A Coversed sine: covers A=1-sin A Havers hav A=74(1~cos A) Exsecant: exsec A= sec A=1 PERIOD, AMPLITUDE & FREQUENCY Feriod (T) = interval over which the graph of a function repeats. Amplitude (A) = greatest distance of any point on the graph from a horizontal line. which passes halfway between the maximum and minimum values of the function, Frequency (c) = number of repetitions /cycles per unit of time or 1/T. PERIOD | AMPLITUDE 20/8 a ¥=Acos(Bx+©) | 2n/B A ye Atan(Bx+Q) | _n/B Scanned with CamScanner‘Sample Problems: 1. Two sides of a triangle are 10 cm and 25 cm respectively. The perimeter maybe: A.72cm C.39cm B.69cm D.50cm 2. If arcsin (8x-4y) = 1.5708 and arcos (x-y) = 1.0472, what is the value of x? 3. A, Band C are the interior angles of a triangle. If (tanA)(tanB)(tanC) = 8.2424 and tanA + tanB 2.5712, what is tanC? 4. If sin@x) = cos(9y), what is x + 3y equal to? 5, Find the amplitude & period of = sinx cosx, 6. + sin 90° =X, +: 60590" sin 0° + sin 19+ sin 29+. cos 0+ cos 1°+ cos 2°. Solve for X. 7. Given a tangle ABC, how many possible tangle/s can be formed for the ff conditions: AB=18 m, AC=25 m, Angle C=42° 8. Given two sides and an angle of a triangle ABC: AB=40 cm, AC=35 cm, Angle B=65°. How many distinct triangle/s can be formed? 9. In tnangle ABC, AB=11 cm, BC=54 cm and ‘Angle C=154°, How many triangle/s can be made? 10. An observer measured the angle of elevation of the top of the building and found it tobe 26.4°. After moving 74.5 m closer to the building, the angle of elevation of the top of the building was 52.6, How high is the building? 11. A pole cast a shadow 15 m long when the angle of elevation of the sun is 63°. If the pole leans 15° from the vertical towards the sun, determine the length of the pole. 12. Two stations A and B were set up to determine the height of a mountain. The angles of elevation to the top of the mountain measured from stations A and B were 27.259 and 30.21° respectively. Station A is 55 m above station B. Station B is 310 m closer to the mountain. If the elevation of station A is 421.63, 1m, whats the elevation of the top of the mountain? 13, From the top of a tower 100 m high, two points A and B in the plane of its base have angles of depression of 15° and 12° respectively. The horizontal angle subtended by points A and Bat the foot of the tower is 48¢. Find the distance between the two points. 14. A boat left Port O and sailed S 46° E at 50 mph. ‘Two hours later, another boat left the same port at 40 mph and sailed N 28° E. What is the bearing of the 1* boat from the 2»! boat two hours after the 2"! boat left Port 07 Situation 1: ‘The angle of elevation of the top of the tower A from the foot of tower B is twice the angle of elevation of the top of the tower B from the foot of. tower A. At a point midway between the two towers, the angles of elevation of the top of the towers are complementary. If the two towers are 120 mapart, 15, Compute the height of tower at A? 16, Determine the height of tower at B? Problems for Practice: 1. Determine the amplitude, period and phase shift of the function y = 4sin(2xtx/2) ‘Answer: Amplitude = 4; Period = 3; Phase Shift = 7/4 2. If 270%SAs360° and vers A= 0.5, find A. Answer: 300? 3. (tan 6 + cot 6)? sin? ~ tan2@ = X, Compute for the value of X. ao el b. siné d.cos 8 4. An airplane starts to take off when it is 240 m away froma wall at the end of the runway which is 12 m high. Ifthe plane takes off at an angle of 8°, by ‘what vertical distance will it clear the wall? Answer: 21.73 m 5. A flagpole is placed on top of a pedestal at a distance of 15 m from the observer. The height of the pedestal is 20 m. If the angle subtended by the flagpole at the observer is 102, compute the height of the flagpole. Answer: 9.61 m 6, Points A and B 1000 m apart are plotted on a straight highway running East and West. From A, tower Cis 32° N of W and from B, tower C is 26° N of E. Compute the shortest distance of tower C to the highway. Answer: 273.92 m 7. Towers A and B stand on a level ground. From the top of tower A which is 30 m high, the angle of elevation of the top of tower B is 489. From the same point, the angle of depression to the foot of tower B 4s 26. What is the height of tower B? Answer: 9831m Scanned with CamScannerb a) Given the base and altitude A=Ybh b) Given two sides and included angle AshabsinC=besinA=%acsinB -©) Given three sides (Heron’s Formula) Ax (58=aG=DS= 0) atbte where: s ==" 4) Given three angles and one side sinB sinc sinAsinc sind ars) Asin Any itAsin® AB hat sinc = The center of the inscribed circle, called INCENTER, is the point of intersection of the Angle Bisectors of the triangle. - Largest circle that can fit inside the triangle and touch all three sides. = Center is always inside the triangle. abe. . Anae A= area of triangle R= radius of circumscribed circle Note: = The center of the circumscribed circle, called ‘CIRCUMCENTER, is the point of intersection of the Perpendicular Bisectors of the tra + Circle that passes through all ofthe vertices of the triangle. > ~ Center can be inside or outside the triangle. ‘A= area of triangle = radius of escribed circle ‘2 = side where the escribed circle is tangent ‘SAMPLE PROBLEMS: 1. The ratio of the angles of a triangle is 2:3:7. If i= area is 20 me find the longest side. 2. The area of the inner triangle ABC is % that of triangle ADE. AB = 45 m, AD = 65 m, AE = 90 m and DE = 80 m. Point B is along line AD and point _ Cisalong line AE. Find the length of segment CE. 3. A triangle has an area of 9.92 cm? and its of intersection of its angle bisectors to one side. 4. The area of a triangle ABC is 26.83 cm? and the product of its three sides is 504 em’, How far from. vertex A is the point of intersection of the Perpendicular bisectors of its sides? 5..A triangle ABC has sides a = 6 em, b= 8 cm, and = 9m. Find the length of the median drawn from the vertex A to side BC. 6. In the previous problem, how far from the vertex B will the bisector of angle A intersect BC? 7. The sides of a triangle form an arithmetic Progression and the product of the lengths of the shortest and longest sides is 77. Find the product of the radius of the circle inscribed in the triangle and the radius of the circumscribing circle. 8. One interior angle of a triangle measures 439 and the side opposite “it measures 20 cm. Find the diameter of the circle circumscribing this triangle. 9. The area of a triangle ABC is 65 cm? and its perimeter is 48 em. Compute the radius of the escribed circle tangent to the longest side of the triangle. The sum of the two sides is 30 cm and the difference of the two sides is 15 cm. Scanned with CamScannerSituation 1: A strip of 640 m? is sold from a triangular field whose sides are 96 m, 72 m, and 80 m respectively. width of the strip. Determine the following: 10. Width of the strip 11. Cost of the remaining area if tis estimated to have a zonal market value of P5,000 per square meter. Situation 2: jon ABCD has one of its sides equal to E is inside the square forming, an equilateral triangle BEC having one side equal to the side of the square. 12. Compute the value of angle DEC. 13, Find the value of angle AED. 14. If the area of triangle BEC is equal to 62.35 m, find the area of triangle AED. Problems for Practice: 1. A triangle ABC has sides AB=90 cm and AC#120 cm. A line segment DEjs formed such that D lies on side AB while E lies on side AC. If the r areas of two triangles is 3:5, how far is E from C if AD measures 60 cm? Answer: 12m. 2. A piece of property in downtown Houston is advertised for sale at Php45 per square foot. If the lengths of the sides of the triangular lot are 220 feet, 234 feet and 160 feet, then what is the asking rice for the lot? Answer: Php 761,835.88 3, The area of a triangle is 40cm? and two of its sides measure 10cm and 16cm, respectively. What is the length of the third side? A. 18.24cem C.15.78cm B.20.20cm D.25.16cm Situation 1: In triangle ABC, side BC = 40m, side AB = 50m and Angle A= 53°. 4, Determine the area of the triangle. A.6744 m? C. 644.4 me B. 647.4 me? D.674 me 5, Determine the perimeter of the triangle. A1124m €.1324m BA2Am D.142.4m 6. Determine the length of the median drawn from. vertex A to the side BC. A.37.1 m B.36.8m C.39.2m D.38.5m Tria YZ has base angles X = 52° and Z = 6 A line AB which is 2 7. Compute the area of triangle XYZ. A. 56,214.81 m? C. 58,882.59 m? B. 28,107.41 m? D. 29,441.29 m? 8. Determine the area of ABXZ. A.39897.12 m? C. 44,161.94 mm? B. 45,786.54 m? D.43,113,18 m= 9. The area of ABY is to be divided into two equal parts. Compute the length of the dividing line which is parallel to AB. A.138.76 m C.126.54m B,143.44m D.14L42 m fon 3: In triangle ABC, AB = 5 cm and BC = 7 cm. The distance from the incenter of the circle to the side BC is 1.477 cm: If the area of the triangle is 16.25 cm?, 10. Compute the side CA. A9cm B.10.cm Clem D.12em 11, Find the radius of the circle which is escribed outside the triangle if itis tangent to side CA. A. 16.25 cm €.17.75 em B.15.15em D.14.76cm 12, How far is the point of interscction of the perpendicular bisectors of the side to the side CA? A.2cm Clem B3cm D.4em Scanned with CamScannerDEFINITION OF TERMS: 1. Great Circle - circle on the surface of a sphere, whose plane passes through the center of the sphere. 2. Small Circle - circle constructed by a plane crossing the sphere not in its center. 3. Spherical Angle - an angle formed by the intersection of two great-circles. 4. Spherical Triangle - a triangle on the surface of the sphere formed by the intersection of three great circles. 5. Polar Distance - least distance on a sphere froma point on the circle to its pole. 6. Latitude ~ angular distance of the point from the equator ranges from 0° to 90? at the poles. 7. Longitude - angular distance between the prime meridian and the meridian through the point ranges from 00 at the prime meridian to 180° eastward and -180° westward. PROPERTIES OF SPHERICAL TRIANGLE: Spherical Excess, E=A+B+C-180 Spherical Defect, D=3609- (a+b +c) - The greater side has the greater angle opposite to it. ie sum on any two sides is greater than the third side. -The sum of the sides of a spherical triangle i is less than 360°. - The sum of any two angles is less than 180” plus the third angle. -The sum of the angles of a spherical triangle is greater than 180° and less than 540°. RIGHT SPHERICAL TRIANGLE: ~ isone with right angle. co = complement of ‘Note: ‘ sin co-A = cos A cos co-A = sin A tan co-A = cot A Napier’s Rule: Rule 1: (Sin-Ta-Ad Rule) The sine of any middle part is equal to the product of the tangents of its adjacent parts, Rule 2: (Sin-Co-Op Rule) The sine of any middle part is equal to the product of the cosines of its opposite parts. Important Rules: 1. Ina right spherical triangle, an oblique angle and the side opposite are of the same quadrant. 2. When the hypotenuse of a right spheric. triangle is less than 909, the two legs are of the same quadrant and conversely. 3. When the hypotenuse of a right spherical triangle is greater than 902, one leg is of the first quadrant and the other of the second and conversely. ‘OBLIQUE SPHERICAL TRIANGLE: ~ Has none of its angles equal to 90° Law of Sine sinA~ sinB~ sinC Law of Cosine for Sides cosa =cos bcos ¢ + sin bsinc cos A cos b=cosacosc+sinasinc cos B cos. c= cos a cos b+ sina sin bcos C Law of Cosine for Angles cos A =-cos B cos C + sin Bsin Ccosa cos B=-cos A cos C + sin A sin Ccos b cos C=-cos A cos B+sin Asin Bcosc ‘AREA OF SPHERICAL TRIANGLE: = radius/radius of sphere - tr2E — E= spherical excess =| = sumof angles - 180° 180° sat e+c-18e Note: Bi-rectangular spherical triangle ~ " 2angles are right angles Tri-rectangular spherical triangle = Sright angles Scanned with CamScannerSample Problems: 1. Solve the unknown angles and side of the spherical triangle whose given parts are: a=72027 © b=61949' = C= 900 2. Find all parts of a spherical triangle ABC, C= 90, b = 45030’, and c = 130°. . 3, Solve the remaining side of the spherical triangle whose given parts are A = B = 80° and a=b=8%, 4, Solve for angle C of the oblique spherical triangle ABC given: a = 80°, c = 115? and A = 72, 5. Determine the spherical excess of the spherical triangle ABC given a = 56% b = 65° and c= 78°. 6. Find the area of the spherical triangle whose angles are A = 60°, B = 80°, and C = 1049, The radius of the sphere is 20cm, 7. A plane left Manila (14° 36’N, 121° 5'E) and flew in the direction of S 32° E. At what longitude will it cross the equator? 8. A Philippine Airlines Plane on one of its trip is to fly from Manila (Latitude 14°35’N, Longitude 120°59'E) to Sydney, Australia (Latitude 3352'S, Longitude 151°12'E). Determine the distance in nautical miles from Manila to Sydney. 9. Find the time it would take an airplane flying ata speed of 1200 kph to fly along a great circle route from Manila (14°38'N, 121°5'E) to Moscow (55°45'N, 37°37’). Scanned with CamScanner