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    This document discusses the concept of noise in electrical engineering systems. It begins by outlining the topics that will be covered, including the nature of noise, characterization of noise, propagation and shaping of noise, and correlated and uncorrelated noise sources. It then provides examples of where noise is present, such as in RF receivers, ADCs, oscillators, and power management circuits. It explains that while other imperfections can be calibrated out of a system, noise cannot be calibrated out and directly impacts power consumption.

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    This document discusses the concept of noise in electrical engineering systems. It begins by outlining the topics that will be covered, including the nature of noise, characterization of noise, propagation and shaping of noise, and correlated and uncorrelated noise sources. It then provides examples of where noise is present, such as in RF receivers, ADCs, oscillators, and power management circuits. It explains that while other imperfections can be calibrated out of a system, noise cannot be calibrated out and directly impacts power consumption.

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    16 views12 pages

    Noise: General Concepts

    Uploaded by

    Luật Trần
    This document discusses the concept of noise in electrical engineering systems. It begins by outlining the topics that will be covered, including the nature of noise, characterization of noise, propagation and shaping of noise, and correlated and uncorrelated noise sources. It then provides examples of where noise is present, such as in RF receivers, ADCs, oscillators, and power management circuits. It explains that while other imperfections can be calibrated out of a system, noise cannot be calibrated out and directly impacts power consumption.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    Noise

    Lecture 1
    General Concepts

    Behzad Razavi
    Electrical Engineering Department
    University of California, Los Angeles
    Outline

    • Introduction
    • Nature of Noise
    • Characterization of Noise
    • Propagation and Shaping of Noise
    • Correlated and Uncorrelated Noise
    Sources

    2
    Noise: The Last Barrier

    • We can calibrate mismatches and


    offsets.
    • We can calibrate nonlinearities.
    • But, we can’t calibrate noise.
    • Noise directly trades with power
    consumption.

    3
    Noise is everywhere …

    RF Receivers Pipelined ADCs SAR ADCs

    Oscillators
    Charge Pumps Power Management

    4
    What is noise?

    • Deterministic Signal

    • Random Signal

    5
    User-Friendly Aspects of Noise: Average Power

    • Periodic Signal

    • Random Signal

    • Normalized Power

    6
    User-Friendly Aspects of Noise: Spectrum
    • Periodic Signal
    Fourier
    Transform

    • Random Signal

    Fourier
    Transform

    • Spectrum:
    Power carried by signal at each frequency

    7
    Examples of Spectra
    • Voice

    • White Light

    8
    Construction of Spectrum

    Overall Spectrum • Example: White Noise

    9
    Propagation and Shaping of Noise

    • Example: Telephone System

    10
    Correlated and Uncorrelated Noise Sources
    Analogy: New Year’s Party
    Uncorrelated Correlated

    11
    Final Result

    • Superposition holds for power of


    uncorrelated sources.

    12

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