COMPOSITE BEAMS

A Shear connectors be Concrete slab

A ts
L Exterior d
beam
M-diagram
Interior beam
c-c spacing
My
f Unshored Shored
I const. const.
NON-COMPOSITE LOADS Beam wt. NC NC
(NC) Slab wt. NC C
the steel beam alone will carry Superimposed DL C C
these loads - floor finish
COMPOSITE LOADS (C) - ceiling loads
- partition loads
Live loads C C
be = effective width (smallest)

Ave. c-c spcg.

To the concrete edge

be compare with

be/n NC loads C loads

Composite N.A.

+ =
N.A. of steel
beam

Sx , I x S I tr compare with
tr,
0.66Fy

Alternatively, aplly all loads (dead and live) to the steel beam alone but increase the
allowable stress to Fb = 0.76Fy
Sample:

a. Design the interior steel beam section using Fb  0.76Fy to resist the total load.
Slab thickness = 100 mm
c-c spcg = 2.5 m
Single span length = 10 m
Superimposed DL = 3 kPa
LL  office bldg.
A-36 steel and fc'  21 MPa

Loads:
Slab = 0.1 m  2.5 m  23.6 kN  5.9 kN
m3 m
Superimposed DL = 3  2.5  7.5 kN
m
LL = 2.4  2.5  6 kN
m
19.4 kN
m
Beam wt. (assume 10%) =  1.1
21.34 kN
m

wL2 21.3410 
2
Design M =   266.75 kN  m
8 8
266.75 106
Req’d Sx =  1415.3 103 mm3
0.76 248
Use: W21  50  d  529.08 mm; t w  9.65 mm

Check for shear:

wL 21.3410
Design V =   106.7 kN
2 2
V 106700
fv    20.899 MPa
dt w 529.08 9.65
Fv  0.4 248  99.2 MPa  f v
 Very safe!

b. Check the steel and concrete stresses against the allowable bending stresses.
Fb  0.66Fy
f c  0.45f c '
1. assume unshored const.
2. assume shored const.

1
 be/n

y't
y'b
be:
L 10
a.   1.25 2   2.5 m
8 8
b. c-c spcg = 2.5 m
c. N.A.
 b e = 2500 mm

200
n  9.29  9
4.7 21
b e 2500
  277.78 mm
n 9

Section W21  50
A s  9484 mm 2
d  529.08 mm
I x  410  10 6 mm 4
Sx  1549  103 mm 3

A T  9484  277.78100   37262 mm 2

y

277.78100 529.08  50  9484 529.08 
2  499.02 mm
37262
y'b  499.02 mm
y't  529.08  499.02  30.06 mm
y's  130.06 mm
 529.08  
 
2

   277.78100 579.08  499.02
2
I tr  410 106  9484 499.02 
  2  
 1132.6 106 mm 4
1132.63  10 6
S't   37678.98 103 mm 3
30.06
1132.63  10 6
S'b   2269.71 103 mm3
499.02
1132.63  106
S's   8708.52 103 mm3
130.06

2
UNSHORED:

Beam wt. = 74 9.81  725.94 N  0.72594 kN

m m
Slab wt. = 0.1 2.5  23.6  5.9 kN
m

w NC  0.72594  5.9  6.62594 kN

m
6.6259410 
2
M NC   82.82 kN  m
8
w c  w SDL  w LL  7.5  6.0  13.5 kN
m
13.510 
2
Mc   168.75 kN  m
8

Bottom of beam:

M NC 82.82
f b NC    5
Sx 1549 10 3

M C 168.75 10 6
f bC    7
S'b 2269.7 10 3

Total f b  53.467  74.35  1

Top of slab:

3
 MC 168.75  10 6
fc    2.1531 MPa
S' s n 8708.52  10 3  9

SHORED:
w NC  0.72594 kN
m
0.7259410
2
M NC   9.07425 kN  m
8
w C  w slab  w SDL  w LL  5.9  7.5  6.0  19.4 kN
m
19.410
2
MC   242.5 kN  m
8

Bottom of beam:
9.07425  106
f b NC   5.8581 MPa
1549  103
242.5  106
f bC   106.84 MPa
2269.71 103
Total f b  5.8581  106.84  112.70 MPa

Top of slab:
242.5  106
fC   3.094 MPa
8708.52  103  9 

Allowable:

Fb  0.66Fy  0.66 248  163.68 MPa

Fc  0.45fc '  0.45 21  9.45 MPa