Distance from Thickness of the Nutrients present

Planets Size(2) Temperature(3)

the Sun(1) Atmosphere (Atmosphere)
Carbon dioxide: 96%
0.723 AU, 67.2
(6,052 km / 3,761 Nitrogen: 3.5% Carbon
million miles About 250 km -184°C to
Venus miles) – 95% the monoxide, argon, sulfur
(108.2 million (160 mi)(4) 465°C
size of Earth dioxide, and water vapor: less
km)
than 1%(4)
Nitrogen: 78%
Oxygen: 21%
1 AU, 93 Argon: 0.93%
million miles (6,371 km / 3,959 About 300 miles Carbon dioxide: 0.04%
Earth -89°C to  58°C
(149.6 million miles) (480 kilometers)(5) Trace amounts of neon,
km) helium, methane, krypton
and hydrogen, as well as
water vapor(5)
Carbon dioxide: 95.32%
Nitrogen: 2.7%
Argon: 1.6%
1.524 AU,
(3,390 km / 2,460 Oxygen: 0.13%
141.6 million
Mars miles) – 53% the About 10.8 km(6) -125°C to 20°C Carbon monoxide: 0.08%
miles (227.9
size of Earth Also, minor amounts of:
million km)
water, nitrogen oxide, neon,
hydrogen-deuterium-oxygen,
krypton and xenon(6)

INTRODUCTION

The Four Earth Systems (7)

 Hydrosphere (Water)

The hydrosphere includes all the gaseous, liquid, and solid water of the planet earth. Most of the water in
the atmosphere is in gaseous form and as it rises higher into the atmosphere it condenses to form clouds which fall
back on earth as precipitation. The glaciers, icebergs, and icecaps are also categorically called the cryosphere.

 Biosphere (Living Things)

All the living things in the planet are categorized under the biosphere. In this view, the biosphere includes all
of the animals, plants, and microorganisms of earth. Collectively, these ecological communities are made reference
to as biomes. Deserts, forests, grasslands, aquatic, tundra, and chaparral are the six main biomes that are present in
the biosphere.

 Lithosphere (Land)

The lithosphere is made up of all the hard and solid land mass on the earth’s surface, the semi-solid rocks
(molten materials) underneath the earth crust, and the liquid rocks in the inner core of the earth. The surface of the
lithosphere is uneven as it is characterized by various landform features. The liquid, semi-solid, and solid land
components of the lithosphere form layers that are chemically and physically different. This is why the lithosphere is
further divided into sub-spheres namely the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core.

 Atmosphere (Air)

All the air in the atmosphere makes up the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen (about
78%), oxygen (about 21%), and other gasses (about 1%) such as carbon dioxide (0.039%), argon (0.93%) and the rest
are trace gases (krypton, neon, helium , and xenon). Other layers of the atmosphere include the stratosphere,
troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and the exosphere.
METHOD
The important terms we include in our concept map are:

 Venus
o 0.723 AU, 67.2 million miles (108.2 million km) from the sun
o 6,052 km (3,761 miles) – 95% the size of Earth
o Atmosphere of 250 km (160 mi) thickness
 Composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, argon, sulfur dioxide, and water
vapor.
o -184°C to 465°C surface temperature
 Earth
o 1 AU, 93 million miles (149.6 million km) from the sun
o 6,371 km (3,959 miles)
o Atmosphere of 300 miles (480 kilometers) thickness
 Composed of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide. Trace amounts of neon, helium,
methane, krypton and hydrogen, as well as water vapor.
o -89°C to  58°C surface temperature
o Hydrosphere
 Water
o Biosphere
 Living Things
o Lithosphere
 Land
o Atmosphere
 Air
 Mars
o 1.524 AU, 141.6 million miles (227.9 million km) from the sun
o 3,390 km (2,460 miles) – 53% the size of Earth
o Atmosphere of 10.8 km thickness
 Composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, oxygen, carbon monoxide. Trace amounts of
water, nitrogen oxide, neon, hydrogen-deuterium-oxygen, krypton and xenon.
o -125°C to 20°C surface temperature

Group 4 Members:

Jhonjie Perez Allen Silva

David Magpusao Alyssa Nabong
Bea Martirez Neil Songuad

References:
(1)
“Planets – Zoom Astronomy,” accessed June 16, 2019 https://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/
(2)
Elizabeth Howell, “The Planets in Our Solar System in Order of Size,” published April 21, 2014 https://www.universetoday.com/36649/planets-in-
order-of-size/
(3)
“Planetary surface temperatures,” last modified July 11, 2019
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/special_topics/teach/sp_climate_change/p_planet_temp.html
(4)
Nola Taylor Redd, “Venus' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate and Weather,” published October 18, 2018 https://www.space.com/18527-venus-
atmosphere.html
(5)
Tim Sharp, “Earth's Atmosphere: Composition, Climate & Weather,” published October 13, 2017 https://www.space.com/17683-earth-
atmosphere.html
(6)
Tim Sharp, “Mars' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate & Weather,” published September 12, 2017 https://www.space.com/16903-mars-
atmosphere-climate-weather.html
(7)
Sonia Madaan, “The Four Main Spheres of Earth: Hydrosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere, and Atmosphere,” last accessed June 16, 2019
https://www.eartheclipse.com/geography/4-different-spheres-of-earth.html