CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Changes in science and medicine have provided knowledge and technology to
successfully transform the course of many diseases. Although alopathic medicine
(traditional European medicine) has been successful, there are still many conditions
such as arthritis, chronic back pain, gastrointestinal problems, allergies, headaches
and insomnia that are difficult to treat, and many clients explore alternative methods
to reduce headache symptoms. Researchers estimate that more than 75% of clients
seek treatment from primary care practitioners to cope with stress, pain and health
conditions where no known cause and cure (Rakel and Faas, 2006).
According to data in the United States in the early 1990s, one-third of 1,530
people surveyed, using the therapy. In a further study from 1990 to 1997, the
respondents grew from 34% to 42%. From the survey found that most of those who
use this therapy are people with a high level of education and sufficient income and
age ranges from 25-49 years

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Nursing Forms

Admission Outpatient

1. Outpatient Reception
Yanmed (2006:34) stated that out-patient reception is called as TPP RJ (Points
Admission Outpatient). Its main function is to review received patient to get treatment
in clinic addressed by each of these patients. Patient reception procedure can be
adapted to the System adopted by each hospital. Seen from operating arrival, patients
can be distinguished into 2 types, thos are:
1. New patients
The new patient is the first patient coming to the hospital to review the purposes
to get health services. Every ne patient will be accepted in patient admissions and
will be interviewed by pfficers in order to get information regarding social
odentify data patient summary from which must be filled in clinic history.
2. Old patients
Old patient is a patient who has got treatment in hospital before. Therefore patient
will visit the old admission department or patient reception admission which has
been determined.

2. Understanding of Outpatient
Huffman (1994) stated that outpatient services are provided to patients who did
not receive inpatient care at health care facilitation. Activity is included in admissions
of the patient admission procedure. Azrul Azwar (1996:75) stated that outpatient is
the medical care provided to the patient which is not in the form of hospitalization
(Hospitalization). Decree of the Minister of Health No. 560/Menkes/SK/IV/2003 on
the tariff of outpatient hospital that is patient care for observation, diagnosis,
treatment, rehabilitation, medical and other health services without spending the night
in hospital. “Outpatient is a patient receiving health care services at a hospital without
being hospitalized, institutionalized, and/or admitted as a inpatient”. This means that
outpatient is patients who receive health care in a hospital without being treated in
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 hospital, and or registered as an inpatient (Abdelhak, 2001).
Outpatient services (ambulatory servives) are a form of medical care. Put simply
referred to outpatient care is medical care provided to the patient is not in the form of
hospitalization. In the definition of outpatient services include not only organized by
health care facilities that have been commonly known as a hospital or clinic, but also
held in the patient’s home (home care) as well as in home care (nursing homes)
(Anwar, 1996).
Sabarguna (2008:83) suggest the first from of outpatient care is organized by
the clinic connection with the Hospital (hospital- based care ambulatory). At this time
various types of outpatient care of many organized by the Hospital Clinic, generally
can be divided into four types. Emergency services (emergency services) which are to
deal with patients who need help immediately and suddenly.
Ambulatory care plenary (comprehensive hospital outpatient services) namely
that provides comprehensive health services according to the needs of the patient.
Referral services (referral services) are only serving patients reffered by other health
facilities. Usually for diagnosis or therapy, further treatment is still handled by health
facilities that refer. The surgical services (ambulatory surgery services) which are on
surgical services are discharged on the same day. It may be added in the category of
outpatient care in the first in which the form is not only held in the hospital, but also
organized by other clinics outside the hospital. Note that other clinics stretcher should
have an organizational relationship with the hospital, in a sense an extension of the
Hospital concerned (satellite clinic).

B. Reading

1. Traditional Medicines
Traditional Medicines are recognized in low to medium in some countries. In
the developing countries, traditional medicines are used for health services especially
at primary health care. Moreover, the use of traditional medicines in developing
countries is populary growing. Jamu is an Indonesian traditional medicine that is used
for treating sicknesses where it is based on experience and handed down through
generations. Jamu comes from Javanese language jampi or usodo. It is stated that
there are four classifications of jamu those are, jalu usada, wanito usada, rarya usada,

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 and triguna usada. Jalu usada is consumed for men’s health and virility. Wanito usada
id for women’s health treat and beauty including reproductive health, beauty, and
postpartum care. Rarya usada is for children to cure cough, and diarrhea. Triguna
usada is used for all people who suffer from disease such as dizziness, cough, flu, or
vomiting (Trubus, 2010: 6).
The first seminar related to jamu was held in Solo in 1940, followed by a
Formation Of Indonesia’s Jamu Committee in 1944. In the 1966, a seminar on jamu
had been held again. In 1981, a book by title of “The use of Medical Plants” has been
established to support the jamu industry. One of Indonesian traditional medicine is
Jamu, which was declared as Indonesian brand by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,
President of the Repubic Of Indonesian on May 27,2007 in Jakarta.

2. Traditional Medicine Is Defined As Cultural Inheritance

Natural resources of chemicals substance and traditional medicines
preparations are statid as the national assests to be contiuosly explored, examined,
developed and optimized of their benefits. Indonesian has about 400 ethnics (ethnics
and sub-ethnics). Each ethnic and sub-ethnic have knowledge which was inherited
from generation to generation, traditional knowledge of medicines and medications.
The use evidence of traditional medicines in Indonesian are found in the relief of
Prambanan and Borobudur temple, written in lontar leaf, and the inheritance and
cultivation in Kingdom Palaces to this date.
Traditional medicines have been widely known as jamu (herbal medicines)
either in sliced forms or servable powde for Javanese. Long time ago communities
have consumed temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) to maintain their physical fitness.
Written information on herbal medicines in Palace Library of Surakarta are “Serat
Kawruh” and “Serat Centhini”. Serat Kawruh gives systemic information on herbal
medisines, containing 1. 734 preparations made of natural lements.
The use and development of traditional medicines in such areas were inherited
by experience facst later developed through scientific research made through pre-
clinic and clinic test. The classification of traditional herbal product can be seen as
follows, Indonesian indigenous herbal medicines, standardized of Indonesian herbal
medicines, and phytapharmarca (Indonesian herbal medicines base on clinical trial).

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 C. Grammar Focus
The modals must, must not and need not have the same form regardless the
subject. There is no ending with he/she/it.

► If you want to say is unnecessary, use need not, not must not. (The negation of must
means not allowed to.)
I must play football. = I have to play football.
I need not play football. = I do not need to play football. = I do not have to play
football. I must not play football. = I am not allowed to play football.

You can use must only with Simple Present. If you want to use it with other tenses, you
need the form have to. This form is not the same regardless the subject. Look at the
following table.

Modal Substitutes
I must play football. * I have to play football. *
I do not need to play football.
I need not play football.
I do not have to play football.
I must not play football. I am not allowed to play football.

The modal must can be used in the Simple Present only, so use the substitute have to with
other tenses. The form have to has the same form regardless the subject.

Pronouns Modal Substitutes in the Simple Present

I, we, you, they I must play football. I have to play football.
he, she, it He must play football. He has to play football.

* see also point 3 below

Negations with need not, don't need, don't have to

Modal Substitute Tense

I need not play football.
I do not have to play football. Simple Present
I do not need to play football.
not possible
I did not need to play football. I did not have to play football. Simple Past
not possible
I will not have to play
I will not need to play football. will-future
football.

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Questions with need and have to

Modal Substitute Tense

Must he play football?
Does he have to play football? Simple Present
Does he need to play football?
The modal must is not used in the Simple Past.
Did he have to play football? Simple Past
Did he need to play football?
The modal must is not used in the will-future.
Will he have to play football? will-future
Will he need to play football?

The form need is not used as a modal, this is a main verb. This form cannot be put before
another verb.
I needn't sing. (Here needn't is a modal. The main verb is sing.)
We need a new computer. (Here need is a main verb).
I need sing. (This sentence is wrong.)

Must or have to in the Simple Present

It is not always correct to substitute have to for must in the Simple Present. Use the modal
must when the obligation comes from the speaker.

 I must go to New York. I would like to see my sister.

 You must stop smoking.

Use the modal must in written orders or instructions.

 You must log in to read your messages.

Use the substitute form have to when there is an external obligation e.g. timetable, weather
or administration.

 Due to a snow storm the pilot has to land in Vancouver.

 My doctor says I have to stop smoking.

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 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion
Traditional Medicines are recognized in low to medium in some countries. In
the developing countries, traditional medicines are used for health services especially
at primary health care. Jamu is an Indonesian traditional medicine that is used for
treating sicknesses where it is based on experience and handed down through

7
generations. Jamu comes from Javanese language jampi or usodo. The first seminar
related to jamu was held in Solo in 1940, followed by a Formation Of Indonesia’s
Jamu Committee in 1944. The classification of traditional herbal product can be seen
as follows, Indonesian indigenous herbal medicines, standardized of Indonesian
herbal medicines, and phytapharmarca (Indonesian herbal medicines base on clinical
trial).