Problem statement:

The differential equation for the population P (t) of a country when individuals are allowed to
immigrate and emigrate from the country at a constant rate r > 0.

Solution:

Part 1:

Given:

The population of the country is P and the rate of change of population is r.

We know that, according to Thomas Malthus model equation:

dp
αP
dt

dp /dt=k P

Here, the total population is P.

Part 2:

Due to the immigration, the population is increased with the rate r>0. So for the immigration,
the population equation will be:

dp
=k P +r // this is first order ordinary differential equation.
dt

Convert this equation into standard form:

P’(t)=kP(t)+r

P' (t )
=1
kP ( t ) +r

We get,

r
P ( t ) =C1 e kt −
k

Here,

K=constant of proportionality.
Part 2:

Due to the emigration, the population is decreased with the rate r>0. So for the emigration,
the population equation will be:

dp
=k P -r // this is first order ordinary differential equation.
dt

Convert this equation into standard form:

P’(t)=kP(t)-r

P' ( t )
=1
kP ( t ) −r

We get,

r
P ( t ) =C1 e kt +
k