LIDETA CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL SCHOOL (A.A 2012 E.

C)
WORK SHEET TWO
GEOGRAPHY WORK SHEET FOR GRADE 10 STUDENTS

Read (study) the short note and attempt. (Try to do)

1. – activity 2.9 ( on page 98 in your text book)
- activity 2.10 ( on page 100 in your text book)
- activity 2.11 ( on page 104 in your text book)
- activity 2.12 ( on page 114 in your text book)
2. – Review exercise for unit two ( on page 118 – 122 in your text book)

- This Geography work sheet is part of period 3 geography course

- You are given three weeks to attempt this worksheet
- Second work sheet will reach you soon
- You can get the main note in your text book page 95 - 122

1
Drought in Ethiopia

- Draught is a condition that happens when much less rain is received than is
normally expected.
- Drought is a climate change while results in extensive damage to plants, crops
and animals.
- Drought is one of the worlds major environmental hazards.
- It affects human and animal life, catastrophically and it can cause severe crop
failure.

Consequences of drought

- drought can have consequences both on the natural environment and on the
socio- economic life of the people in drought – prone areas.
Some of the consequences include:-
- climate change
- drying up of water sources ( surface waters)
- decline in underground water table
- loss of soil moisture
- crop failure
- starvation and famine
- death of animals and human beings
- loss of biodiversity and environmental deterioration
- desertification and rural – out migration
Drought – prone Areas in Ethiopia
The three drought – probability zones of Ethiopia include:-
i. High drought probability zone
- Covers about 25% of Ethiopia in
- It includes the Bereha climatic zones of the country
- Includes Somali and Afar regions, part of Tigray region, eastern part of
Amhara region and deuteron part of Oromiya.
ii. Medium drought probability zone
- It covers part of the Somali, Oromiya and Afar regions, small portion of Tigray
and Amhara regions
- Covers about 10% of the country
iii. Law drought probability zone
- Covers about 16% of Ethiopia’s area
- It includes most of the semi-arid (kola) climatic zones
- Includes – part of the eastern high lands of Tigray and Amhara regions
 Eastern and southern parts of Hararghe
 Parts of Borena, Bale and Guji zones and
 The southern portion of the south Omo zones
Refer = “ drought – coping mechanism in Ethiopia’’ on page 103 – 104 in text book
2
Ecosystem
- All the living and non – living things in an area interacting with each other is
called an ecosystem
- Ecology is the study of how all these things interact in order to survive
- Ecosystems vargin size but have the same elements
- The non-living part of an ecosystem are the ecosystems abiotic factors which
includes water, minerals, air, soil sunlight, climate etc.
- All living things need certain non- living things in order to survive
Factors that affect the Distribution of Ecosystem
- Two primary non – biological factors have major impacts on the kind of
ecosystem that develops in any part of the world.
- The factors are precipitation and temperature
- In turn altitude (elevation) affects these primary factors
Precipitation and Temperature
- Precipitation and temperature are the major factors determine the vegetation
in an ecosystem.
- In turn the type of vegetation affects everything in the ecosystem.
EX:- Areas with low moisture and low temperatures produce tundra vegetation
- Areas with high moisture and freezing temperatures during part of the year
produce deciduous or coniferous forests.
- Dry areas produce deserts (desert vegetation)
- Moderate amount of rain fall ( seasonal rainfall) support gross lands
(Savannas)
- Areas with high rainfall and high temperatures support tropical rain forests
The Effect of Elevation on climate and vegetation
- As height above sea level increases the average temperature decreases
- As one proceeds from sea level to the top of mountains, it is possible pass
through a series of ecosystem that ate similar to what would be encountered if
one traveled from the equator to the north pole ( Fig2.31 p 107).
- The higher the altitude, the cooler the climate becomes
EX:- Even in the tropics, tall mountains can have snow on the top.
It is also possible to experience the same change in vegetation by traveling up a
mountain as one would experience traveling from the equator to the north pole.
NOTE
An ecological system ( in short on ecosystem) – it is a system formed by the
interaction of all living organisms with each other in an area and with the chemical
and physical factors of the environment in which they live.
- They are all linked by the transfers of energy and materials that constitutes
the food chain.
Ecology is the scientific study of the inter relationship between living organisms and
the environment.
An ecological factor:- is any environment factor which affects a living organism
3
Diversity of fauna, flora and soil of Ecosystems
- Climate plays a decisive role in the distribution and activities of fauna, flora
and soil type of an ecosystem.
- The land on earth is divided in to six major kinds of large ecosystems called
biomes.
- The six biomes are desert, tundra grassland, deciduous forest taiga
(coniferous) forest and tropical rainforest.
- Each biome has its own kind of climate, soil, plants and animals.
- Each biome can be found in different parts of the word.
EX: - desert biomes is found in Africa , South America, Asia, North America,
Australia .
Desert
- Annual rainfall is less than 250mm
- They are also likely to be windy
- They have many plant and animal species
- Desert plants include cactus, ephemerals and Rose of Jericho
- Most desert animals survive with a mineral amount of water.
Tundra
- It is a high altitude harsh climate area around the poles. ( Tundra = treeless
plain)
- Plants such as lichens, mosses, grass and sedges with dwarf and creeping
plants are found
- Tundra vegetation was grazed by caribou and reindeer and muskox
carnivorous animals such as polar beer and Arctic fox are found bird life such
as greese, wildfowl, wading and emperor penguin are found.
Grass land
Temperate grassland ( prairies are stopped) and Tropical grass lands (Savannas)
Grasslands generally receive annual rain fall between 250mm and 750mm.
Grasses makeup 60 to 90 percent of the vegetation.
Herbivores animals such as elephants, zebras, wildebeests, gazelles and
antelopes are found in Africa.
Carnivores animals such as lions, cheetahs and leopards are found together with
scavenging jackals, hyenas and vultures
Deciduous forests
- This is the forest with many trees that lose their leaves every year.
- In Autumn the leaves turn yellow , orange and red and fall to the ground
- The dead leaves help make the soil rich and fertile
- Trees shade leaves to conserve water
- These areas receive relatively evenly distributed annual rainfall 750mm to
1000mm.
- In the deciduous forests of North America and Europe trees such as maples,
birch, beech, elm, oaks and other hardwood are common.
- In spring many flowering plants bloom. 4
- Few kinds of birds including wood peckers, turkey, geese, and finches are
common.
- Large and small mammals such as mice, squirrels, deer, shrews, moles and
opossums are common
- Carnivores animal of the region include, foxes, badgers, weasels, coyotes etc
Taiga (coniferous) forest
- Characterized by short cool summer and long winter with abundant snowfall
precipitation range between 250and 1000mm per year
- In this areas trees such as spruces, fir and larches (known as conifer trees) are
common
- Most birds are migratory and feed and the abundant summer insects
- Typical animals are deer, caribou, moose, wolves, mice, snowshoe bare and
squirrels.
Tropical Rainforests
- Tropical rain forests are located near the equator