CEW 555 – TOPIC 3: WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE [PRELIMINARY TREATMENT]

4 Classes of water treatment:

Class treatment Source of water

A No treatment
B Disinfection
C Normal treatment
D Special treatment
Clear well, water source direct from hill use individually
Clear well, water source direct from hill -used by
community
Reservoir and rivers
River -high contains of algae, organic material. Water used
by industry.
Water treatment
Treatment Class B Class C Class D
categories Underground Water Normal Water Special treated water

Pre-treatment Aeration -Coarse Screen -Coarse Screen

-Fine Screen -Fine Screen
-Pumping -Pumping
-Balancing -Balancing
-Neutralization -Neutralization
-Aeration -Aeration
-PrechemicalTreatment -PrechemicalTreatment
-Softening
-Algae removal
Primary Treatment -Coagulation and -Coagulation and
flocculation flocculation
-Sedimentation -Sedimentation
Disinfection Yes Yes Yes

Additional Activated carbon

Treatment
Fluoridation Yes Yes Yes
Distribution Yes Yes industry

Pre-treatment

4 processes:
1. Screening
2. Pre-chemical treatment
3. Aeration
4. Pre-sedimentation

2: SCREENING
 To remove large materials materials (rags, died leaves, logs and other suspended objects)
 Protect plant hardware and structure
 2 types: - course screening
- fine screening
 Should be clean from time to time either manually or automatically

COURSE SCREENS
 Consists of bar racks are made up of vertical or inclined bars
 Place at angle of 60o – 80o
 Bars with diameter of 25mm and arrange at openings of 50 to 100mm wide (c/c)
 Normal flow (0.6 – 1m/s)
 High flow (1.2 – 1.4 m/s)
FINE SCREEN
 Used to remove suspended materials that passed through C.S
 Consists of a series of steel bars about 3 – 10mm apart

3: PRE-CHEMICAL TREATMENT