SRAN10.0 Multi-Band, Multimode, and Multi-Antenna Network Planning and Optimization Solution

Product Name Security Level
SRAN Solution Design INTERNAL

Product Version Total pages 106
SRAN10.0
SRAN10.0 Multi-band, Multimode, and Multi-

antenna Network Planning and Optimization
Solution
(For internal use only)
Prepared By Jin Tao (employee ID: 00182381) Li Guowei Date 2014-03-10

(employee ID: 00127505)
Reviewed By Xiong Bin (employee ID: 00330748) Date 2014-08-14
Approved By Chen Wei (employee ID: 00119773) Date 2015-02-12
Huawei Technologies CO., LTD.

All Rights Reserved
SRAN10.0 Multi-band, Multimode, and Multi-antenna Network Planning and Optimization
Solution INTERNAL
Change History
Date Revision Version Description Author
2014-03-10 V0.1 Completed the outline of this Chen Wei (employee ID:
document. 00119773)
2014-08-14 V0.8 Completed the draft. Jin Tao (employee ID: 00182381)
Li Guowei (employee ID:
00127505)
2015-02-12 V1.0 Modified this document Jin Tao (employee ID: 00182381)
based on review comments.
2020-05-18 Huawei confidential. No spreading without Page 3 of 106

permission.
Contents
1 MBB Network Development and Networking Requirements.............................................8

1.1 Global MBB Network Development Prediction................................................................................................8
1.2 Analysis on Multi-antenna Transmission Requirements in Global MBB Networks.......................................10
1.3 Summary of Multi-band, Multimode, and Multi-antenna Transmission Requirements in Global Networks. 13
2 Definition and Analysis of Typical Multi-antenna Networking Scenarios....................17

2.1 Multi-band and Multimode Development.......................................................................................................17
2.2 Feature and Landform Classification and Coverage Baseline.........................................................................18
2.3 UE Carrying Policy..........................................................................................................................................19
3 RF Planning Optimization Policy for Typical Multi-antenna Networks.........................21

3.1 Multi-band and Multimode Networks Requiring RF Planning.......................................................................21
3.2 RF Planning Optimization Policy for Multi-band GUL Multimode Networks in Urban Areas......................26
3.2.1 Networks in Europe................................................................................................................................26
3.2.2 Networks in America..............................................................................................................................29
3.3 RF Planning Optimization Policy for Multi-band GUL Multimode Networks in Suburban Areas................31
3.3.1 Networks in Europe................................................................................................................................31
3.3.2 Networks in America..............................................................................................................................33
4 Multi-band and Multi-antenna Reconstruction....................................................................36

4.1 Reconstruction Process....................................................................................................................................36
4.2 Reconstruction Evaluation...............................................................................................................................37
4.2.1 Evaluation Tool.......................................................................................................................................37
4.2.2 Data Source.............................................................................................................................................37
4.2.3 Performance Index..................................................................................................................................38
4.3 Evaluation Process...........................................................................................................................................38
4.4 Impact of Antenna Reconstruction..................................................................................................................41
4.4.1 Antenna Gains.........................................................................................................................................41
4.4.2 Horizontal Beamwidth............................................................................................................................42
4.4.3 Vertical Beamwidth................................................................................................................................43
4.4.4 Tilt...........................................................................................................................................................43
4.4.5 Other Specifications...............................................................................................................................45
5 Typical Planning Cases..............................................................................................................45

5.1 Project of Operator E in Country P..................................................................................................................45
5.1.1 Customer Profile and Project Information..............................................................................................45
5.1.2 Information About the Antennas in the Live Network...........................................................................46
5.1.3 Antenna Reconstruction Policy..............................................................................................................47
5.1.4 Required Tools and Data Sources...........................................................................................................48
5.1.5 Planning Results.....................................................................................................................................49
5.1.6 Drive Test Results...................................................................................................................................56
5.1.7 KPI Comparison.....................................................................................................................................63
5.1.8 Comparison of Antenna Reconstruction at a Special Site......................................................................64
5.1.9 Summary.................................................................................................................................................67
5.2 Project of Operator V in Country S.................................................................................................................68
5.2.1 Project Information.................................................................................................................................68
5.2.2 Information About the Antennas in the Live Network...........................................................................68
5.2.3 Antenna Reconstruction Strategy...........................................................................................................68
5.2.4 Required Tools........................................................................................................................................72
5.2.5 Planning Results.....................................................................................................................................72
5.2.6 Drive Test Results...................................................................................................................................76
5.2.7 KPI Comparison.....................................................................................................................................86
5.2.8 Summary.................................................................................................................................................93
6 Appendix.......................................................................................................................................93
6.1 Operations for Estimating Antenna Reconstruction........................................................................................93
6.1.1 Project Establishment.............................................................................................................................93
6.1.2 Data Importing........................................................................................................................................94
6.1.3 Simulation.............................................................................................................................................101
6.1.4 ACP Planning........................................................................................................................................102
6.1.5 Adjustment for Optimization................................................................................................................106
Figures
Figure 1-1 Spectrum classification and usage plan in Europe................................................................................8
Figure 1-2 Planning roadmap of UEs supporting multi-antenna transmission.......................................................9
Figure 4-1 Multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction process...............................................................36
Figure 4-2 ACP process........................................................................................................................................39
Figure 4-3 Installing special poles........................................................................................................................41

Tables
Table 1-1 Antenna configuration in Europe..........................................................................................................10
Table 1-2 Requirements on the multi-antenna solution from top customers........................................................13
Table 3-1 Different multi-band and multimode scenarios.....................................................................................21
Table 3-2 General multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction policy......................................................24
Table 4-1 Main data sources used during network performance evaluation.........................................................38
Table 5-1 Major data sources................................................................................................................................48

SRAN10.0 Multi-band, Multimode, and Multi-antenna Network
Planning and Optimization Solution
Keywords:
multi-band, multi-mode, multi-antenna
Abstract:
With the development from radio networks to mobile broadband (MBB) networks, more frequencies and
RATs are introduced, which facilitates the development of a large number of multi-band and multimode
networks. To improve LTE spectral efficiency, Huawei introduces multi-antenna transmission. Multi-
antenna transmission in existing networks cannot adapt to the network changes. Therefore, the hardware
configuration plan and the network planning and optimization policy need to be adjusted to ensure the
long-term and smooth network development. For the network planning and optimization policy of an RAT,
see the network planning and optimization solution corresponding to the RAT.
Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronym and Abbreviation Full Spelling
AAU active antenna unit

AAS active antenna system
ACP automatic cell planning
CAPEX capital expenditure
CEU cell edge user
CIR carrier-to-interference ratio
FBR front-to-back ratio
FOA first office application
MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
MR measurement report
KPI key performance indicator
O&M operation and maintenance
OPEX operating expense
SINR signal to interference plus noise ratio
RSCP signal code power
1 MBB Network Development and Networking Requirements
1.1 Global MBB Network Development Prediction
Networks are developed from analog cellular networks in 1980s, widely deployed GSM and CDMA
wireless cellular networks in 1990s, and widely deployed UMTS wireless cellular networks to newly
deployed LTE wireless networks. The network development brings the following challenges for operators:
 The GSM, UMTS, and LTE modes will co-exist in a long term.
 The 850 MHz frequency band, 900 MHz frequency band, 1800 MHz frequency band, 2100 MHz
frequency band, 2600 MHz frequency band, and WIFI will co-exist in a long term.
 Operation and maintenance (O&M) are more complicated in multi-band and multimode networks.
 Long-term running antennas in existing networks are aging and their performance is deteriorating.
 Antennas that are introduced for new frequency bands cannot be installed at existing sites.
 Capacity requirements in some sites are greater than the existing spectrum capacity.
With the increase in wireless data, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is introduced in the new
wireless communications system of the 3GPP specifications to increase the users' peak rate and average cell
throughput, and throughput of cell edge users (CEUs). MIMO development requires multi-antenna
transmission.
As increasing wireless data requires larger wireless network capacity and MIMO is introduced, a large
number of challenges occur. One of the important challenges is that performance of macro networks using
multi-band and multi-antenna transmission needs to be improved. To meet this challenge, Huawei needs to
provide multi-band and multimode antennas that are easy to operate, maintain, and camouflage. Equipment
vendors focus on developing an antenna solution that can improve network capacity.
Figure 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 shows the detailed spectrum classification in Europe and the detailed spectrum usage
plan in potential European sites.
Figure 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Spectrum classification and usage plan in Europe
The key requirement in multi-band networks is multi-antenna transmission according to the multi-band
transmission analysis.
To reduce operators' capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expense (OPEX), capacity-based AASs
must provide larger capacity and do not need to be upgraded in future two or three years.
Therefore, networks need to have the following characteristics:
 In future macro networks, the main task is to expand frequencies, and the main requirement is to
develop a site optimization-based multi-antenna solution.
 The capacity-based multi-antenna solution is not in great demand. Huawei aims to improve the
competitiveness of the capacity-based multi-antenna solution and develop a technology-leading
solution.
With the deployment of LTE networks, 2x2 MIMO is used as a standard network configuration and 4x4
MIMO as an optional network configuration for the multi-antenna solution in 3GPP Release 8
Specifications. 8x2 MIMO and 8x8 MIMO are introduced in 3GPP Release 10 Specifications and 3GPP
Release 12 Specifications, respectively, and antennas with more than 16 ports will be developed. Multi-
antenna solution development must follow the 3GPP specifications, and key valuable features must be
included in new versions.
With the development of multi-band and GUL multimode networks, the main frequency bands in LTE FDD
networks are as follows:
 Low frequency band
− 700 MHz, 800 MHz, and 900 MHz in Europe
− 700 MHz and 850 MHz in America
 High frequency band
− 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, and 2600 MHz in Europe
− PCS1900, AWS and 2600 MHz in America
These frequency bands lead to multiple antennas. Therefore, the multi-antenna solution is required for
easing customers' pains in antennas.
The analysis results of UEs supporting multi-antenna transmission are as follows:
 UEs supporting 4x2 MIMO gradually become mature and when to put these UEs in commercial use is
predictable.
 UEs supporting 4x4 MIMO are being planned and when to put these UEs in commercial use is
unpredictable.
 In SRAN10.0, base station devices capable of 4 TXs can be developed.
Figure 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2 Planning roadmap of UEs supporting multi-antenna transmission

1.2 Analysis on Multi-antenna Transmission Requirements in Global
MBB Networks
Based on the analysis of spectrum resources that operators have purchased and used, Huawei concludes
that both the capacity-based multi-antenna solution and the site optimization-based multi-antenna solution
must meet the following conditions:
 Frequency band combinations supported by antennas
− Separate high frequency bands (1800 MHz+2100 MHz+2600 MHz or AWS+PCS+2100
MHz+2600 MHz)
− Separate low frequency bands (800 MHz+900 MHz, 700 MHz+850 MHz)
− Combination of high and low frequency bands (800 MHz+900 MHz+1800 MHz+2100 MHz+2600
MHz or 700 MHz+850 MHz+AWS+PCS+2100 MHz+2600 MHz)
 Frequency band requirements in newly deployed sites
− 2A high-frequency antennas are in great demand.
− 3A high-frequency antennas are in demand.
In terms of the configuration analysis of the existing frequency bands, antennas are developed as follows:
 Expansion of a single high or low frequency band: One antenna supports multiple frequency bands.
 Expansion of multiple frequency bands
− Both high frequency bands and low frequency bands are expanded.
− Combination of high frequency band 1 and low frequency band 1 or combination of high
frequency band 2 and low frequency band 2 is expanded.
Table 1.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Antenna configuration in Europe

Scenario Working Scenario Antenna Configuration
Frequency Band Ratio
in 2016
Scenario 1 900 MHz 18.29% One low frequency band is carried on one antenna providing
two ports
Scenario 2 2100 MHz 10.27% One high frequency band is carried on one antenna
providing two ports.
Scenario 3 900 MHz+2100 19.28% One low frequency band is carried on one antenna providing
MHz two ports, and one high frequency band is carried on the
other antenna providing two ports. Such scenarios account
for 60%.
One high frequency band (two ports) and one low frequency
band (two ports) are carried on one antenna providing four
ports. Such scenarios account for 40%.
Scenario 4 1800 MHz+2100 9.06% Two frequency bands are carried on the same antenna
MHz providing four ports. Such scenarios account for 90%.
Two frequency bands are carried on different antennas. Each
antenna carries a high frequency band and provides two
Two high frequency bands are carried on one antenna
providing four ports and one combiner. Such scenarios
account for 5%.
MHz+2100 MHz two ports, and two high frequency bands are carried on the
other antenna providing four ports. Such scenarios account
for 50%.
ports, and one high frequency band is carried on the other
antenna providing two ports. Such scenarios account for
38%.
Two high frequency bands (four ports) and one low
frequency band (two ports) are carried on one antenna
providing six ports. Such scenarios account for 12%.
MHz+2100 MHz two ports, and one high frequency band is carried on the
for 23%. One low frequency band is carried on one antenna
providing four ports, and one high frequency band is carried
on the other antenna providing two ports. Such scenarios
account for 25%.
ports, and one high frequency band is carried on the other
antenna providing two ports. Such scenarios account for
21%. Two high frequency bands and one low frequency
band are carried on one antenna providing six ports. Such
scenarios account for 3.8%.
band (four ports) are carried on one antenna providing six
ports. Such scenarios account for 23%. Two high frequency
bands (four ports) and one low frequency band (four ports)
are carried on one antenna providing eight ports. Such
scenarios account for 4.8%.
MHz+1800 two ports, and two high frequency bands are carried on the
MHz+2100 MHz other antenna providing four ports. Such scenarios account
for 10%. One low frequency band is carried on one antenna
providing four ports, and two high frequency bands are
carried on the other antenna providing four ports. Such
scenarios account for 11%.
Two combinations of one high frequency band (one port)
and one low frequency band (one port) are carried on one
antenna providing four ports. Such scenarios account for
band are carried on one antenna providing four ports, and
one low frequency band is carried on the other antenna
providing two ports. Such scenarios account for 30%.
Two high frequency bands (four ports) and one low
frequency band (four ports) are carried on one antenna
providing eight ports. Such scenarios account for 16%. Two
high frequency bands (six ports) and one low frequency
band (two ports) are carried on one antenna providing eight
MHz+2100 two ports, and two high frequency bands are carried on the
MHz+2600 MHz other antenna providing six ports. Such scenarios account
for 17.5%.
ports, and two high frequency bands are carried on the other
band are carried on one antenna providing six ports, and one
high frequency band is carried on the other antenna
providing two ports. Such scenarios account for 37%.
Two high frequency bands (six ports) and one low
providing eight ports. Such scenarios account for 9.6%.
MHz+1800 four ports, and two high frequency bands are carried on the
MHz+2100 other antenna providing six ports. Such scenarios account
MHz+2600 MHz for 16.3%.
ports, and two high frequency bands (four ports) and one
low frequency band (two ports) are carried on the other
antenna providing six ports. Such scenarios account for
40.4%. One high frequency band and one low frequency
band are carried on one antenna provided for four ports, and
two high frequency bands are carried on the other antenna
providing four ports. Such scenarios account for 17.5%.
band (four ports) are carried on one antenna providing six
ports, and two high frequency bands are carried on the other
16.3%.
Two high frequency bands (six ports) and one low
frequency band (four ports) are carried on one antenna
providing ten ports. Such scenarios account for 10%. Two
high frequency bands (six ports) and one low frequency
band (two ports) are carried on one antenna providing eight
ports. Such scenarios also account for 10%.
MHz two ports, and the other low frequency band is carried on
the other antenna providing two ports. Such scenarios are
few.
One low frequency band is carried on one antenna providing
four ports. Such scenarios account for 68.4%. One low
frequency band is carried on one antenna providing two
ports. Such scenarios account for 31.6%.
MHz two ports, and one high frequency band is carried on the
for 80%.
Scenario 12 1800 MHz 1.75% One high frequency band is carried on one antenna
providing two ports.
Scenario 13 800 MHz+1800 1.12% ● One low frequency band is carried on one antenna
MHz providing two ports, and one high frequency band is
carried on the other antenna providing two ports. Such
● One high frequency band (two ports) and one low
providing four ports.
One low frequency band is carried on one antenna, and
two high frequency bands are carried on two antennas,
respectively.
These two scenarios account for 80%, in which the
former scenarios account for 84%, and the later
1.3 Summary of Multi-band, Multimode, and Multi-antenna

Transmission Requirements in Global Networks
Table 1.3.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 lists the requirements on the multi-antenna solution from top customers.
Table 1.3.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Requirements on the multi-antenna solution from top customers

Multi-antenna Solution Types
Operator Key Item Traditional Semi-integrated Multi-antenna Solution Capacity-based AAS Solution Distributed Solution
RRUs+Traditional Multi- Multi-antenna
band and Multi-antenna Solution
Solution
Integrated Combined- 2 high 1 low 2 high VAAS HAA AA RRU co-cell LampSit
4T4R RRU 4T4R frequency frequency frequency S A e
solution solution bands band bands+1
low
frequency
band
Telus in Frequency AWS+PCS AWS+PCS 2300 AWS+PCS

Canada band MHz+2600
MHz
Height 1500 mm 1500 mm 1500 mm 1500 mm

Antenna TBC TBC TBC TBC
gains
Weight TBC TBC TBC TBC
Countries Frequency 1.8 A+2.1 800 A+900 900

where Huawei band A P MHz+1800
has won the MHz/2100
1.8 A+2.6
bidding: MHz/2600
A
Germany, MHz
2.1 A+1.8
France, Spain,
900
A
Italy,
MHz+1800
Portugal, 1.8 A+2.1
MHz+2100
Denmark, and A+2.6 A
MHz
Sweden
800
Countries
MHz+900
where Huawei
MHz+1800
is developing
MHz/2100
the market:
MHz
the Czech
800
Republic, the
MHz+900
Netherlands,
MHz+1800
Russia,
MHz+2100
Finland, and
MHz
Ireland
800
MHz+900
MHz+1800
MHz+2600
MHz
800
MHz+900
MHz+2100
MHz+2600
MHz
800
MHz+900
MHz+1800
MHz/2100
MHz/2600
MHz
800
MHz+900
MHz+1800
MHz+2100
MHz+2600
MHz
Height 1.5 m 2m 2m
Antenna > 18.5 dBi Gain = 16 Low

gains dBi for 800 frequency
Each
MHz, 16.5 band: >
frequency
dBi for 850 16.5 dBi
band has an
MHz, 16.5
independen dBi for 900 High
t electrical MHz frequency
downtilt. band: >
HBW = 65
18.5 dBi
Each
Each
frequency
frequency
band has an
band has an
independen
independen
t electrical
t electrical
downtilt.
downtilt.
Weight TBC TBC TBC
Asian-Pacific Frequency SBM:

regions: band
700 A+1.7-
Japan,
2/1 P
Australia, and
Singapore Height SBM: 1.4
m
Antenna SBM
gains
High
frequency
band: 17
dBi
Low
frequency
band: 14
dBi
Weight Wind
resistance
requirement
s in Japan:
< 400 N
Special
shockproof
requirement
s:
< 40 kg
Latin America Frequency PCS (P) 700 A+850 700 A/800

band +AWS (A) P P+PCS (P)
+2.6 G (A) +AWS (A)
+2.6 G (A)
Height TBC TBC TBC
Antenna TBC Gain = 16 Gain = 16

gains dBi for 800 dBi for 800
MHz, 16.5 MHz, 16.5
dBi for 850 dBi for 850
MHz, 16.5 MHz, 16.5
dBi for 900 dBi for 900
MHz MHz, 18.5
Each dBi for
frequency 1900 MHz
band has an
Each
independen
frequency
t electrical
band has an
downtilt.
independen
t electrical
downtilt.
Weight TBC TBC TBC
VDF UK Frequency 2.1

band A+800/900
VDF ESP
P+1.8-2.6 P
Mobility in
1.8
Saudi Arabia
A+800/900
P+1.8-2.6 P
1.8 A+2.1
A+800/900
P+1.8-2.6 P
Height 2m
Antenna 900 MHz:

gains >16.5 dBi
High-
frequency
passive
antenna: >
17.5 dBi
High-
frequency
active
antenna: >
16.5 dBi
Weight 1 A: < 45
kg
2 Definition and Analysis of Typical Multi-antenna Networking

Scenarios
The networking policy is determined based on coverage, service models, and UE capabilities. As LTE TDD
networks are few, only the LTE FDD mode is considered when the networking policy is determined, and
the LTE TDD mode is not considered.
The networking scenario definition covers the following aspects:
 Frequency band planning policy, frequency band coverage policy, traffic load sharing policy based on
the spectrum and traffic
 Refarming situations and policy based on UE analysis results
 Advantages and disadvantages of the candidate determining policy
 Multi-antenna configuration policy based on the frequency band planning policy
2.1 Multi-band and Multimode Development

In terms of the spectrum, multi-band and multimode networking scenarios are divided into scenarios in
Europe and scenarios in America.
The main frequency bands used in Europe are as follows:
 Low frequency bands: 700 MHz (new), 800 MHz (new), and 900 MHz (existing)
 High frequency bands: 1800 MHz (new or existing), 2100 MHz (existing), and 2600 MHz (new)
In Europe, the following low frequency bands are combined: GSM900, UMTS900, and LTE700, LTE800,
or LTE900. UMTS900 is a refarming frequency band on GSM900. GSM900 and UMTS900 use the SDR
module to share the same antenna. LTE700, LTE800, or LTE900 is used on newly deployed networks. The
following high frequency bands are combined: GSM1800, UMTS2100, and LTE1800 or LTE2600. If there
is GSM900, GSM1800 is generally used as the capacity layer. In Europe, UMTS2100 can provide
continuous coverage, and many sites use UMTS2100. LTE1800 is used in newly deployed networks and is
a refarming frequency band on GSM1800. LTE1800 and GSM1800 share the same antenna. LTE2600 is
used in newly deployed networks.
The main frequency bands used in America are as follows:

 Low frequency bands: 700 MHz (new) and 850 MHz (existing)
 High frequency bands: 1900 MHz (new or existing), AWS (new or existing), and 2600 MHz (new)
In America, the following low frequency bands are combined: GSM850, UMTS850, and LTE700. GSM850
and UMTS850 are used for the underlying networks and provide continuous coverage. The combination of
the following high frequency bands is used as the capacity layer: GU1900, LTE AWS, and LTE2600. Some
operators who have few 850 MHz frequency resources may use 1900 MHz frequency resources for
networks whose coverage is preferentially guaranteed.
2.2 Feature and Landform Classification and Coverage Baseline

In terms of topography and population characteristics, the networking scenarios can be divided into dense
urban areas, urban areas, suburban areas, and rural areas. In different areas, site planning determines the
frequency band combinations and RAT combinations.
 Dense urban areas
These areas are comparatively flat in terrain with densely distributed buildings. There is a large
number of skyscrapers (buildings with more than 30 floors), and buildings are greater than 50 m high
on average. The inter-building distance is small, and streets are narrow. The population density is high,
and most of the people stay indoors. In addition, the population density varies with time. The distance
between base stations is less than 600 meters.
In these areas, the coverage of GSM networks is stable and voice services are mainly processed, and
therefore the coverage for voice services is mainly considered. In low frequency bands, GU refarming
may be performed. In high frequency bands, GL refarming may be performed.
The coverage of UMTS networks is stable, and capacity expansion is mainly considered. UMTS2100
sites are generally more than GSM900 or GSM1800 sites. UMTS900 site deployment depends on
UMTS2100 sites.
LTE frequency bands are used in newly deployed sites or used for GL refarming. LTE network
deployment depends on UMTS2100 networks.
 Urban areas
These areas are comparatively flat in terrain with buildings of 20 m high on average. The building
height is similar to the inter-building distance. In these areas, there is open and green land, and the
population density is relatively high. The distance between base stations generally ranges from 600 m
to 1000 m.
In these areas, the coverage of GSM networks is stable and voice services are mainly processed, and
therefore the coverage for voice services is mainly considered. In low frequency bands, GU refarming
may be performed. In high frequency bands, GL refarming may be performed.
The coverage of UMTS networks is stable, and capacity expansion is mainly considered. UMTS2100
sites are generally more than GSM900 or GSM1800 sites. UMTS900 site deployment depends on
UMTS2100 sites.
LTE frequency bands are used in newly deployed sites or used for GL refarming. LTE network
deployment depends on UMTS2100 networks.
 Suburban areas
These areas are the boundaries between urban and rural areas. Buildings are sparsely located with an
average height of 10 m. The inter-building distance ranges from 30 m to 50 m. Streets are wide with
many plants or open spaces. The population density is relatively high. The distance between base
stations generally ranges from 1 km to 2 km.
In these areas, GSM networks mainly aim to provide coverage and process voice services. In low
frequency bands, GU or GL refarming may be performed. In high frequency bands, GL refarming may
be performed.
UMTS networks mainly aim to provide coverage, and UMTS900 network deployment depends on
GSM networks.
For LTE networks, GL refarming is performed on low or high frequency bands, or new networks are
deployed on high frequency bands.
 Rural areas
In these areas, the terrain is diverse, and buildings are sparsely located, most of which are ranch
houses. Buildings are 5 m high on average. These areas are scarcely populated with large open land,
farmland, vegetation, and roads. The distance between base stations is generally greater than 2 km.
In these areas, GSM networks mainly aim to provide coverage and process voice services. In low
frequency bands, GU or GL refarming may be performed.
UMTS networks mainly aim to provide coverage, and UMTS900 network deployment depends on
GSM networks.
For LTE networks, GL refarming is performed on low frequency bands or new networks are deployed
on low frequency bands.
In 2013, the coverage and capacity baselines for standard GUL networks in Europe are updated. For details,
see the following attachments.
GUL Network
Performance Comparison-Coverage Comparison.xls
GUL Network
Performance Comparison-Capacity Comparison.xlsx
For frequency bands, features, and landforms that are not described in this document, you can enter the link
budget parameters in the preceding attachments to the link budget tool RND to obtain networking.
2.3 UE Carrying Policy

UEs are preferentially carried in a more recent RAT. In the same RAT, UEs are preferentially carried on a
high frequency band. Intra-RAT loading sharing is prior to inter-RAT loading sharing. Coverage-based
inter-RAT handovers guarantee service continuity of UEs.
For details about the UE carrying policy, see the refarming policy.
Overall GUL Networking Policy

Make UEs to preferentially camp on
networks with a more recent RAT
LTE
Overall GUL networking policy: Priority 1
Multimode UEs preferentially camp on
networks with a more recent RAT, and the
Priority 2 UMTS
UEs preferentially initiate services on these
networks. Coverage-based handovers can
be performed between networks with
different RATs to guarantee service Priority 3 GSM
continuity.
Camping policy Policy for CS services Policy for PS services

UEs preferentially camp on If UEs camping on LTE networks PS services are preferentially
networks with a more recent RAT, initiate CS services, the CS services processed in networks on which the
and the UEs can be switched to will fal back to UMTS or GSM UEs camp and can also be switched
networks with a later RAT through networks. Coverage-based UMTS-to- to networks with a later RAT through
coverage-based reselections. GSM handovers can be performed. coverage-based handovers.
LTE LTE LTE

Priority 1 Priority 1 Priority 1 Fallback fails
when UEs in
idle mode.
Priority 2 UMTS Priority 2 UMTS Priority 2 UMTS
Coverage-based handover
Priority 3 GSM Priority 3 Priority 3
GSM GSM
Priority-based reselection CS FallBack Coverage- and service-based
handover or cell reselection
Note: If a UE initiate a CS service and a PS service at the same time, the CS service is preferentially guaranteed.
For the GUL interoperability, visit the following websites to obtain related documents:
http://3ms.huawei.com/mm/docMaintain/mmMaintain.do?
method=showMMDetail&f_id=UMTS13051329130041
http://3ms.huawei.com/mm/docMaintain/mmMaintain.do?
method=showMMDetail&f_id=SR13081954420114
The obtained documents include the multi-band and multi-carrier UMTS networking policy and plan.
The multi-band and multi-carrier LTE networking policy and plan has not been released. To obtain this
policy and plan, contact Zhang Hao (employee ID: 00133579)
3 RF Planning Optimization Policy for Typical Multi-antenna
Networks
The existing antenna systems are developed based on network development and have experienced or are
experiencing the following stages:
 Single-band or dual-band GSM networks have become mature.
 UMTS networks are almost mature.
 LTE networks are being deployed in a large scale.
RF parameters greatly vary depending on frequency bands and RATs of live networks due to differences in
the coverage of frequencies and RATs.
 RF parameters are inconsistent in dual-band GSM networks.
 The number of GSM base stations is different from that of UMTS base stations, and RF parameters
are different in GSM and UMTS base stations.
 The number of GSM base stations is different from that of LTE base stations, and RF parameters are
different in GSM and LTE base stations.
 The number of UMTS base stations is different from that of LTE base stations, and RF parameters are
different in UMTS and LTE base stations.
With the deployment of LTE networks on new frequency bands, MBB development increases the number
of multi-band sites. A large number of multi-band and multimode antennas will be reconstructed in global
networks. During reconstruction, the following policies are required:
 Long-term MBB development and LTE network deployment policies
 Multi-antenna GSM and UMTS networking policies
 RF planning and optimization policies
3.1 Multi-band and Multimode Networks Requiring RF Planning

Refarming is determined based on the status of GSM networks, UMTS networks, and LTE networks, and
network coverage. Table 3.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 describes different multi-band and multimode scenarios.
Table 3.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Different multi-band and multimode scenarios

Scenario GSM UMTS LTE RF Parameter Remarks
Planning Policy
Dense urban The performance The coverage of None Focus on

areas of GSM networks UMTS networks normalizing the
is stable. GSM is stable. During height, azimuth,
networks mainly reconstruction, and tilt
process voice capacity parameters, and
services. During expansion must be determining what
reconstruction, the preferentially types of new
coverage of GSM performed. antennas are
networks must be selected in
preferentially multimode
guaranteed. scenarios.
The performance The coverage of Networks are Evaluate the
of GSM networks UMTS networks deployed on policy of
is stable. GSM is stable. During new frequency changing LTE
networks mainly reconstruction, bands or GL networks to 2T or
process voice capacity refarming is 4T multi-band,
services. During expansion must be performed. multimode, and
reconstruction, the preferentially multi-antenna
coverage of GSM performed. networks.
networks must be
preferentially
guaranteed.
GU refarming is
performed on low
frequency bands.
The performance The coverage of Networks are
of GSM networks UMTS networks deployed on
is stable. GSM is stable. During new frequency
networks mainly reconstruction, bands and GL
process voice capacity refarming is
services. During expansion must be performed.
reconstruction, the preferentially
coverage of GSM performed.
networks must be
preferentially
guaranteed.
GL refarming is
performed on high
frequency bands.
Urban areas The performance The coverage of None Focus on
of GSM networks UMTS networks normalizing the
is stable. GSM is stable. During height, azimuth,
networks mainly reconstruction, and tilt
process voice capacity parameters, and
services. During expansion must be determining what
reconstruction, the preferentially types of new
coverage of GSM performed. antennas are
networks must be selected in
preferentially multimode
guaranteed. scenarios.
The performance The coverage of Networks are Refarming is
of GSM networks UMTS networks deployed on highly
is stable. GSM is stable. During new frequency recommended.
networks mainly reconstruction, bands or GL Antennas must
process voice capacity refarming is support future low
services. During expansion must be performed. and high LTE
reconstruction, the preferentially frequency bands.
coverage of GSM performed. It is recommended
networks must be that 4T4R
preferentially antennas be
guaranteed. provided for LTE
high frequency
GU refarming is bands.
performed on low
frequency bands.
The performance The coverage of Networks are
of GSM networks UMTS networks deployed on
is stable. GSM is stable. During new frequency
networks mainly reconstruction, bands and GL
process voice capacity refarming is
services. During expansion must be performed.
reconstruction, the preferentially
coverage of GSM performed.
networks must be
preferentially
guaranteed.
GL refarming is
performed on high
frequency bands.
Suburban The coverage of The coverage of The coverage of Focus on
areas GSM networks UMTS networks LTE networks normalizing the
must be must be must be height, azimuth,
preferentially preferentially preferentially and tilt
guaranteed. guaranteed. guaranteed. parameters, and
GU refarming is GL refarming is determining what
performed on low performed on types of new
frequency bands. low and high antennas are
frequency selected in
bands. multimode
scenarios.
New networks
can be deployed Refarming is
on 700 MHz highly
and 800 MHz recommended.
frequency Antennas must
bands. support future low
and high LTE
frequency bands.
It is recommended
that 4T4R
antennas be
provided for LTE
high frequency
bands.
Rural areas The coverage of The coverage of The coverage of Focus on
GSM networks UMTS networks LTE networks normalizing the
must be must be must be height, azimuth,
preferentially preferentially preferentially and tilt
guaranteed. guaranteed. guaranteed. parameters, and
GU refarming is GL refarming is determining what
performed on low performed on types of new
frequency bands. low frequency antennas are
bands. selected in
multimode
New networks scenarios.
can be deployed
on 700 MHz Refarming is
and 800 MHz highly
frequency recommended.
bands. Antennas must
support future low
and high LTE
frequency bands.
It is recommended
that 4T4R
antennas be
provided for LTE
high frequency
bands.
Table 3.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2 describes the general multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction policy.
Table 3.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2 General multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction policy

Scenario Antenna Height Azimuth Tilt
Swapping ● The maximum antenna ● If both networks with a few The tilts in subordinate
scenario installation height is base stations and networks networks remain unchanged.
used for all RATs. with many base stations The tilts in reconstructed
In this way, the provide continuous coverage, networks is adjusted using the
coverage of the azimuth should be the ACP function.
subordinate networks same as that in networks with The performance of
can be guaranteed. a few base stations. subordinate networks remains
However, In this case, the continuous unchanged. Drive test data
reconstructed coverage of networks with a and engineering parameters
networks may provide few base stations must be on live networks are collected
cross-cell coverage guaranteed. However, the and the ACP function in the
and inter-cell inter-cell interference in U-Net is used to perform
interference may networks with many base automatic RF parameter
increase. These two stations may be increased. The planning, guaranteeing the
issues can be number of sites to be optimal performance of
addressed by reducing reconstructed is large. reconstructed networks.
the downtilt. ● If networks with a few base
● The positions of stations provide discontinuous
antennas should be 10 coverage but networks with
m to 15 m higher than many base stations provide
the average height of continuous coverage, the
buildings. azimuth should be the same as
In this way, network that in networks with many
coverage is guaranteed base stations.
and cross-cell In this case, the continuous
coverage is prevented. coverage of networks with
● Antennas on positions many base stations must be
higher than 45 m (15 guaranteed. However, hot
m higher than the spots may be affected in
average height of networks with a few base
buildings) should be stations.
lowered through Continuous coverage can be
antenna determined using the following
reconstruction. criteria:
There are many ● Threshold for the UMTS-to-

buildings with six or GSM handover ratio if the
seven floors in urban number of UMTS sites is
areas. If each floor is small
3.3 m high, the height ● Threshold for the coverage-
of a building with six based GSM call drop ratio if
floors is about 20 m. the number of UMTS sites is
The position of an large
antenna is generally 10
m to 15 m higher than
the average height of
buildings and is about
35 m. For example, the
average positions of
antennas at G900,
G1800, and U2100
sites of China Unicom
in Shanghai are 37 m,
33.7 m, and 35.1 m.
The average positions
of antennas at G900,
G1800, and U2100
sites of China Unicom
in Guangzhou are 37.4
m, 35.6 m, and 35.9 m.
Sites where the
positions of antennas
are higher than 45 m
are ultra-high sites and
provide larger
coverage. Their
extended cross-cell
coverage will cause
interference to
surrounding cells.
NOTE
It is difficult to obtain
building heights. The
average height of antenna is
used as the building heights.
Swapping ● The maximum antenna Reconstruction can be performed

and installation height is in networks with many base
supplementi used for all RATs. stations or in networks with
ng scenario ● The positions of reasonable topologies.
antennas should be 10 Reconstructing networks with
m to 15 m higher than many base stations guarantees
the average height of network coverage and reduces the
buildings. number of sites to be
● Antennas on positions reconstructed. Reconstructing
higher than 45 m (15 networks with reasonable
m higher than the topologies reduces cross-cell
average height of coverage and inter-cell

buildings) should be interference.
lowered through
antenna
reconstruction.
Existing ● The maximum antenna ACP is performed based on a
scenario installation height is traffic map.
used for all RATs. Original measurement reports
● The positions of (MRs), traffic statistics, drive test
antennas should be 10 data, and engineering parameters
m to 15 m higher than on live networks are collected and
the average height of the ACP function in the U-Net is
buildings. used to perform automatic RF
● Antennas on positions parameter planning, guaranteeing
higher than 45 m (15 the optimal performance of
m higher than the reconstructed networks based on
average height of the UE distribution.
buildings) should be
lowered through
antenna
reconstruction.
Swapping Swapping should be performed before new LTE networks are
and LTE deployed. For details about swapping, see the swapping
deployment scenario. The number of LTE sectors to be deployed should be
scenario the same as that of UMTS sectors.
VIP RF parameter planning in a network with the most recent RAT supported by UEs of VIP users
scenario is used for all RATs.
3.2 RF Planning Optimization Policy for Multi-band GUL Multimode

Networks in Urban Areas
3.2.1 Networks in Europe
The main frequency bands used in Europe are as follows:
 Low frequency bands: GSM900, UMTS900, and LTE700/LTE800/LTE900 (new)
 High frequency bands: GSM1800 (a few), UMTS2100, LTE1800 (new), and LTE2600
On live networks in European urban areas, GSM900, UMTS900, and UMTS2100 base stations are mainly
deployed, and a few GSM1800 base stations are deployed. In 2015, LTE network deployment starts, 1800
MHz frequency bands are mainly used as the coverage layers, and 2600 MHz frequency bands are mainly
used as capacity layers in newly deployed LTE networks. In the future, low-band LTE networks will be
deployed based on the 700 MHz and 800 MHz spectrum policies issued by the government to enhance the
in-depth indoor coverage.
3.2.1.1 High and Low Frequency Bands on Different Antennas

Low and high frequency bands are on different antennas and have different azimuths, heights, and
mechanical tilts. On the same antenna, the azimuths, heights, or mechanical tilts are the same. The tilts of
frequency bands can be separately adjusted.
3.2.1.1.1 RF Planning Policy on Low Frequency Bands

On GSM900 and UMTS900 frequency bands, the SDR co-site deployment solution is often used. GSM900
and UMTS900 frequency bands can use the same antenna without auxiliary equipment. In newly deployed
LTE base stations, antenna reconstruction-related parameters are planned using the following policies:
 Antenna installation height normalization policy
The maximum antenna installation height is used for all RATs. If the coverage of an RAT needs to be
changed, the tilt can be adjusted.
 Azimuth normalization policy
It is recommended that the azimuth of a GU900 antenna be used for all RATs to guarantee that the
coverage of existing RATs basically remains unchanged. At VIP sites, azimuths need to be planned
based on the conditions of live networks.
 Tilt planning policy
The minimum tilt is used for all RATs to guarantee the coverage of the RATs and network quality.
After antenna reconstruction, the electrical tilts of RATs can be adjusted to guarantee that the total tilts
(sum of mechanical tilts and electrical tilts) of GSM, UMTS, and LTE are the same as those before the
antenna reconstruction.
3.2.1.1.2 RF Planning Optimization Policy on Low Frequency Bands
If network performance conflicts between different RATs on low frequency bands, all the low frequency
bands need to be optimized. In European urban areas, most services are carried on UMTS networks, and
LTE networks are newly deployed. Therefore, it is recommended that UMTS900 networks be mainly
optimized. If there are few GSM1800 networks in urban areas, the number of GSM900 networks whose
coverage is to be improved must be increased.
3.2.1.1.3 RF Planning Policy on High Frequency Bands

In Europe, GSM1800, UMTS2100, LTE1800, and LTE2600 frequency bands are used. UMTS2100 base
stations are mainly deployed, a few GSM1800 base stations are deployed, and LTE1800 base station
deployment starts.
It is recommended that the azimuth of a U2100 antenna be used for all RATs to guarantee that the
3.2.1.1.4 RF Planning Optimization Policy on High Frequency Bands
If network performance conflicts between different RATs on high frequency bands, all the high frequency
bands need to be optimized.
 If there are GSM900 base stations but no UMTS900 base station in existing networks, the network
performance of UMTS2100 base stations must be preferentially improved.
 If there are UMTS900 base stations but few GSM900 base stations in existing networks, the network
performance of GSM1800 base stations must be preferentially improved.
 LTE2600 networks are newly deployed and inherit parameters from UMTS2100 networks. The tilt
must be optimized using the inherited parameters.
3.2.1.2 High and Low Frequency Bands on the Same Antenna
3.2.1.2.1 RF Planning Policy
Low and high frequency bands are on the same antenna and use the same azimuth, height, and mechanical
tilt. The tilts of frequency bands can be separately adjusted.
In Europe, the low frequency bands GSM900, UMTS900, and LTE700/LTE800/LTE900 are mainly used,
and the high frequency bands GSM1800, UMTS2100, LTE1800, and LTE2600 are mainly used.
The tilt of the low frequency band is used for all RATs to guarantee the continuous coverage of the
low frequency band. At VIP sites, azimuths need to be planned based on the conditions of live
networks. In European urban areas, UMTS2100 frequency bands are mainly used to process services.
If traffic distribution is inconsistent with the azimuth after the azimuth normalization, the azimuth of
the high frequency band can be used for all RATs. However, continuous coverage must be guaranteed.
antenna reconstruction. If different frequency bands of wideband antennas need to use the same tilt
and the electrical tilts should not be separately adjusted, the tilts need to be normalized based on
simulation analysis.
− If interference exists, the maximum tilt is used for all RATs to reduce interference in networks.
− If network coverage is in sufficient after the maximum tilt is used and there is RRU power
headroom, TX power can be increased to improve the network coverage.
− If network coverage is in sufficient, the minimum tilt is used to improve the network coverage.
− If interference occurs after the minimum tilt is used and there are no high requirement on in-depth
coverage, TX power can be reduced to eliminate interference.
3.2.1.2.2 RF Planning Optimization Policy
Network performance conflicts between RATs on different frequency bands, and low frequency bands are
preferentially optimized.
3.2.2 Networks in America

In America, the following main frequency bands are used: GSM850, GSM1900, UMTS850, UMTS1900,
and LTE AWS.
In American urban areas, GSM850 and UTMS850 are mainly used, GSM1900 and UMTS1900 are used as
the capacity layer, and LTE AWS is used for newly deployed networks.


On GSM850 and UMTS850 frequency bands, the SDR co-site deployment solution is generally used.
GSM850 and UMTS850 frequency bands can use the same antenna without auxiliary equipment. In newly
deployed LTE base stations, antenna reconstruction-related parameters are planned using the following
policies:
bands need to be optimized. In American urban areas, most services are carried on UMTS networks, and
LTE networks are newly deployed. Therefore, it is recommended that UMTS850 networks be mainly
optimized. If there are few GSM1900 networks in urban areas, the number of GSM850 networks whose
coverage is to be improved must be increased.

In America, GSM1900, UMTS1900, and LTE AWS frequency bands are used. UMTS1900 base stations are
mainly deployed, GSM1900 base stations are also deployed, and LTE AWS base station deployment starts.
It is recommended that the azimuth of a UMTS1900 antenna be used for all RATs to guarantee that the
 If there are UMTS850 base stations but few GSM850 base stations in existing networks, the network
performance of GSM1900 base stations must be preferentially improved.
 LTE AWS networks are newly deployed and inherit parameters from UMTS1900 networks. The tilt
must be optimized using the inherited parameters.
In America, the low frequency bands GSM850, UMTS850, and LTE700 are mainly used, and the high
frequency bands GSM1900, UMTS1900, and LTE AWS are mainly used.
networks. In American urban areas, UMTS1900 frequency bands are mainly used to process services.
If traffic distribution is inconsistent with the azimuth after the azimuth normalization, the azimuth of
the high frequency band can be used for all RATs. However, continuous coverage must be guaranteed.
antenna reconstruction. If different frequency bands of wideband antennas need to use the same tilt
and the electrical tilts should not be separately adjusted, the tilts need to be normalized based on
simulation analysis.
− If interference exists, the maximum tilt is used for all RATs to reduce interference in networks.
− If network coverage is in sufficient after the maximum tilt is used and there is RRU power
headroom, TX power can be increased to improve the network coverage.
− If network coverage is in sufficient, the minimum tilt is used to improve the network coverage.
− If interference occurs after the minimum tilt is used and there are no high requirement on in-depth
coverage, TX power can be reduced to eliminate interference.
Network performance conflicts between RATs on different frequency bands, and low frequency bands are
preferentially optimized.
3.3 RF Planning Optimization Policy for Multi-band GUL Multimode

Networks in Suburban Areas
3.3.1 Networks in Europe
Frequency bands include GSM900, UMTS900, LTE700/LTE800/LTE900 (new), GSM1800 (a few),
UMTS2100, and LTE1800 (new).
On live networks in European suburban areas, GSM900, UMTS900, and UMTS2100 base stations are
mainly deployed, and a few GSM1800 base stations are deployed. In 2015, LTE network deployment starts,
1800 MHz frequency bands are mainly used as the coverage layers, and 2600 MHz frequency bands are
mainly used as capacity layers in newly deployed LTE networks. In the future, low-band LTE networks will
be deployed based on the 700 MHz and 800 MHz spectrum policies issued by the government to enhance
the in-depth indoor coverage.


On GSM900 and UMTS900 frequency bands, the SDR co-site deployment solution is often used. GSM900
and UMTS900 frequency bands can use the same antenna without auxiliary equipment. In newly deployed
LTE base stations, antenna reconstruction-related parameters are planned using the following policies:
bands need to be optimized. In European suburban areas, most services are carried on UMTS networks,
there are few GSM1800 base stations, and LTE networks are newly deployed. Therefore, it is
recommended that UMTS900 networks be mainly optimized. The coverage of GSM900 networks should
be guaranteed.

In suburban areas, UMTS2100 base stations are mainly deployed, a few GSM1800 base stations are
deployed, and LTE1800 base station deployment starts.
It is recommended that the azimuth of a U2100 antenna be used for all RATs to guarantee that the
 If there are UMTS900 base stations but few GSM900 base stations and GSM1800 base stations
provide continuous coverage in existing networks, the network performance of GSM1800 base
stations must be preferentially improved.
 LTE networks are newly deployed and inherit parameters from UMTS2100 networks. The tilt must be
optimized using the inherited parameters.
In Europe, the low frequency bands GSM900, UMTS900, and LTE700/LTE800/LTE900 are mainly used,
and the high frequency bands GSM1800, UMTS2100, LTE1800, and LTE2600 are mainly used.
networks.
If network performance conflicts between RATs on different frequency bands, and low-band network
performance is preferentially optimized.
3.3.2 Networks in America

In America, the following main frequency bands are used: GSM850, GSM1900, UMTS850, UMTS1900,
and LTE AWS.
In American urban areas, GSM850 and UTMS850 are mainly used, GSM1900 and UMTS1900 are used as
the capacity layer, and LTE AWS is used for newly deployed networks.

On GSM850 and UMTS850 frequency bands, the SDR co-site deployment solution is generally used.
GSM850 and UMTS850 frequency bands can use the same antenna without auxiliary equipment. In newly
deployed LTE base stations, antenna reconstruction-related parameters are planned using the following
policies:
bands need to be optimized. In American suburban areas, most services are carried on UMTS networks,
there may be few GSM1900 base stations, and LTE networks are newly deployed. Therefore, it is
recommended that UMTS850 networks be mainly optimized. The coverage of GSM850 networks should
be guaranteed.

In suburban areas, UMTS850 base stations are mainly deployed, a few GSM1900 and UMTS1900 base
stations are deployed, and LTE AWS base station deployment starts.
It is recommended that the azimuth of a UMTS1900 antenna be used for all RATs to guarantee that the
 If there are UMTS850 base stations but few GSM850 base stations and GSM1900 base stations
provide continuous coverage in existing networks, the network performance of GSM1900 base
stations must be preferentially improved.
 LTE networks are newly deployed and inherit parameters from UMTS1900 networks. The tilt must be
optimized using the inherited parameters.
networks.
If network performance conflicts between RATs on different frequency bands, and low-band network
performance is preferentially optimized.
4 Multi-band and Multi-antenna Reconstruction
This chapter describes the process of replacing an antenna (for example, replacing a 2.6 m antenna with a
1.4 m antenna) and the method of evaluating network performance after antenna replacement. This chapter
also describes impacts of the new antenna on networks and antenna and whether antenna replacement
should be performed based on the changes in key performance indicators (KPIs), such as antenna gain,
horizontal lobe width, vertical lobe width, and front-to-back ratio (FBR).
4.1 Reconstruction Process

Figure 4.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 shows the multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction process.
Figure 4.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction process
Start
Collect engineering parameters

on the live network.
Normalize the antenna

parameters of each mode.
Identify the key cells.
Simulate the parameters on the

live network and normalized
ones.
Perform ACP planning.
Manually adjust the parameters

to obtain better performance.
No
Does the
performance meet the
requirements?
Yes
End
Output the solution.
1. Collect engineering parameters on the live network, including antenna parameters and the antenna
pattern.
The engineering parameters are the basic data sources required by multi-frequency and multi-RAT
2. Normalize the antenna parameters of each mode.
For details about the normalization principles, see 3"RF Planning Optimization Policy for Typical
Multi-antenna Networks."
3. Identify the cells that are most concerned.
You need to pay attention to the following sites:
− Sites whose antenna patterns differ greatly after antenna reconstruction
− Sites whose azimuths in different modes differ greatly
− Some VIP sites
− Sites in special terrains
These sites may require different planning strategies.
4. Perform simulation analysis according to the engineering parameters of the original network and
engineering parameters after normalization.
The engineering parameters of the original network are used as the benchmark while the engineering
parameters after normalization are used as comparison data for analysis.
5. Optimize and simulate antenna parameters used for co-antenna reconstruction.
Use the ACP tool on the U-Net to optimize the antenna parameters. For details, see the evaluation
methods and procedures described in the following sections.
6. Compare simulation results and review the key cells identified in step 3. Manually adjust the RF
parameters if necessary.
Manually fine-tune the RF parameters to ensure network quality.
7. If the network performance of each mode is slightly affected, generate the final solution for co-
antenna reconstruction. If the simulation results show that network performance of certain modes in
co-antenna scenarios is greatly affected, re-optimize the RF parameters.
4.2 Reconstruction Evaluation

After multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction, network performance can be evaluated using the
simulation method. Networks before and after multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction are
simulated, and network performance before and after the reconstruction is compared. After the
reconstruction, KPIs should remain unchanged. If the KPIs deteriorate after the reconstruction, RF planning
can be optimized to guarantee the network performance after the reconstruction.
4.2.1 Evaluation Tool

During network performance evaluation, the U-Net is a key analysis tool. The U-Net is used to simulate
networks before and after multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction and compare network
performance before and after the reconstruction. After the reconstruction, the ACP function is used to
optimize networks and prevent network performance deterioration caused by antenna replacement.
In addition to the U-Net, the following tools are used during network performance evaluation:
 iDart: parsing original A-GPS MRs and locating MRs
 Assistant: parsing drive test data
 Google Earth: identifying terrains, objects, and special coverage areas
4.2.2 Data Source

Data sources are the basis of network performance evaluation, and therefore the data accuracy directly
affects the precision of network performance evaluation. Table 4.2.2.1.1.1.1.1.1 lists main data sources used
during network performance evaluation.
Table 4.2.2.1.1.1.1.1.1 Main data sources used during network performance evaluation
Data Source Purpose Requirement
Engineering To build a project Engineering parameters must include the site name,
parameter longitude and latitude, antenna height, antenna model,
azimuth, downtilt, power, and loss.
MML command To parse MRs MML commands must the latest.
Antenna file To build a project Antenna files must include the MSI file, horizontal and
vertical direction diagram, and antenna gain.
Digital map To build a project Digital map with the accuracy of 10 m in urban areas, the
accuracy of 20 m in suburban areas, and the accuracy of 50
m in rural areas. It must contain clutter, elevation, and road
information.
Original MR To perform coverage Collect one week of original MRs before and after antenna
analysis and generate a system reconstruction.
traffic map
AGPS MR To perform coverage Collect one week of A-GPS MRs before and after antenna
analysis and generate an system reconstruction.
ACP tool path loss
matrix
Traffic status To calculate the Ec/Io Obtain the cell load during busy hours and collect one week
based on cell load and of KPIs before and after antenna reconstruction
compare network
performance before and
after antenna
reconstruction
DT To calibrate the Optimize the test route and perform UL frequency locking.
propagation model and The vehicle speed must be less than 45 km/h.
compare network
performance before and
after antenna
reconstruction
4.2.3 Performance Index

During network performance evaluation, the following KPIs are used:
 GSM: Receive level, carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR)
 UMTS: received signal code power (RSCP), Ec/Io, pilot pollution, throughput
 LTE: RSRP, signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), throughput
4.3 Evaluation Process

Evaluation simulation includes project setup, data importing, ACP optimization, prediction comparison,
and adjustment and optimization, corresponding to steps 4 to 7 described in section 4.1"Reconstruction
Process." Figure 4.3.1.1.1.1.1.1 shows the ACP process.
Figure 4.3.1.1.1.1.1.1 ACP process
Start the
project setup.
Import data.
Simulate and predict the RF

parameters on the live
network.
Perform ACP planning.
Simulate the planning

parameters.
Adjust the RF parameters to

obtain better performance.
Does the
No performance meet the
requirements?
Yes
End
Output the solution.
The network performance evaluation process is described as follows:

 Project setup
Project setup requires accurate engineering parameters on the live network, which directly affects the
accuracy of performance evaluation. Generally, multimode base stations share the same height,
azimuth, and downtilt after multi-frequency and multi-RAT antenna reconstruction. Therefore,
multimode projects need to be set up to facilitate performance evaluation of each mode during ACP
optimization.
 Data import
− Antenna file
For network performance evaluation before and after multi-frequency and multi-RAT antenna
reconstruction, the accuracy of network performance evaluation is directly affected by that of the
antenna files. Import the antenna file of the live network to the project with the corresponding
antenna type and frequency band considered. Then, obtain the antenna pattern after reconstruction
and import it into the project. Note that multi-column antennas may co-exist, whose electrical
specifications are the same. Considering the accuracy of the simulation, you also need to obtain the
logical relationships between the RF port and antenna array as well as interface diagram.
Determine the antenna array of each mode based on the antenna connections and then choose the
corresponding antenna file.
− MR data
To ensure the accuracy of the simulation results, A-GPS MRs must be imported. Before data
importing, pre-process the MR data and generate the MR data located by the A-GPS and feature
library. The MR data parsed and located by the A-GPS is used to construct ACP path loss while the
MR data located by the feature library is used to generate the traffic map.
− Drive test data
Drive test data is used for calibrating propagation models, simulating and comparing drive test
routes, and comparing the swap results after project implementation.
 Simulation and prediction
Simulation and prediction are used for evaluating and comparing network performance of the entire
reconstruction area and drive test routes within the reconstruction area before and after the
reconstruction.
 ACP planning
The ACP tool on the U-Net can be used to adjust the following RF parameters to optimize network
performance based on the prediction results, drive test data, MR data, and traffic ratio: power, antenna
model, antenna height, and azimuth. In this way, the requirements on coverage and network quality
can be met.
 Optimization and adjustment
After the ACP planning, use the ACP planning result for prediction and simulation. Then, compare the
ACP simulation results with the original antenna simulation results and manually fine-tune the RF
parameters based on the terrains on Google Earth, traffic map, and antenna pattern.
The following parameters can be adjusted: electrical tilt, azimuth, installation height, pilot power, and
maximum TX power.
 Evaluation in special sites
Special sites have the following characteristics:
− Antenna patterns differ greatly after antenna reconstruction.
− Azimuths in different modes differ greatly.
− They are VIP sites.
− They are in special terrains.
Therefore, Huawei needs to focus on evaluating network performance at these special sites. It is
recommended that the original coverage policy not be changed.
In sectors with excessively large or negative antenna tilts, the original tilts should not be changed so
that the coverage requirements are met. In this case, special poles need to be installed an antenna, and
a sufficient tilt is reserved between the poles, as shown in Figure 4.3.1.1.1.1.1.2.
Figure 4.3.1.1.1.1.1.2 Installing special poles
For details, see ACP_Planning_Technical_Guide, which can be obtained at the following website:
http://3ms.huawei.com/hi/group/1008601/file_3527213.html?isComment=true
4.4 Impact of Antenna Reconstruction

Antenna specifications vary depending on the type of an antenna, which include mechanical and electrical
specifications.
 Mechanical specifications refer to those related to installation, such as the number of
connectors, installation position, weight, wind load, dimensions. These specifications also need to
be considered in antenna reconstruction but this chapter does not describe them.
 Electrical specifications refer to antenna gains, such as the horizontal beamwidth, vertical
beamwidth, and front-to-rear ratio. Electrical specifications change after antenna reconstruction,
which may impact network performance. The following analyzes impact on network performance
after major electrical specifications change.
4.4.1 Antenna Gains

Antenna gains affect coverage range and intensive coverage for a cell.
If the reconstructed antenna provides greater gains than the antenna in the live network:
 When the coverage is insufficient, the reconstructed antenna improves receive level at the cell
center and intensive coverage areas of a cell and expands the coverage.
 When network performance is impacted by interference, the reconstructed antenna generates
greater interference. In this case, you need to increase the tilt or decrease transmit power to reduce
interference.
If the reconstructed antenna provides fewer gains than the antenna in the live network:
The cell coverage shrinks, the receive level within the coverage areas and intensive coverage areas
decreases, which may cause KPIs to deteriorate. If a coverage hole occurs, network KPIs deteriorate. In this
case, you need to increase the downlink transmit power and enable 4Rx to enhance coverage in the uplink.
For details about how to improve coverage, see related strategies for each mode.
Summary:
 If the reconstructed antenna provides greater gains than the antenna in the live network does,
the antenna can be replaced. In this case, you need to optimize RF parameters to control
interference.
 If the reconstructed antenna provides fewer gains than the antenna in the live network:
− If
the difference between the gains is less than or equal to 1 dB, replacing the antenna causes
small impact on network performance. In this case, you can optimize RF parameters to ensure
coverage.
− Ifthe difference is greater than 1 dB and less than or equal to 2 dB, you need to increase the
downlink transmit power, enable 4Rx, and adjust the tilt to ensure coverage. If the downlink
transmit power margin is insufficient, do not replace the antenna. This type of antenna
reconstruction may cause risks. Therefore, simulate the reconstruction to estimate the effect.
− Ifthe difference between the gains is greater than 2 dB, it is recommended that the antenna
not be replaced.
4.4.2 Horizontal Beamwidth

The horizontal beamwidth affects the coverage at both sides of a cell. The horizontal beamwidth affects the
gains provided by an antenna. According to the energy conservation law, a narrow beam indicates
centralized energy, large antenna gains, narrow horizontal coverage, and far coverage in the direction of the
antenna main lobe.
 A wide-beam antenna is replaced by a narrow-beam antenna: In most cases, the narrow-beam antenna
provides greater gains. After the replacement, the coverage at both sides of the cell shrinks and
coverage in the main lobe direction is enhanced.
 A narrow-beam antenna is replaced by a wide-beam antenna: The wide-beam antenna can increase the
coverage range at both sides of a cell. However, the coverage in the main lobe direction shrinks
because the gains become less after the replacement.
Summary:
 For antenna type selection:
− If the difference between the horizontal beamwidths of the original antenna and the new antenna is
less than or equal to 5°, the impact on network performance is small.
− If the difference is greater than 5° and less than or equal to 10°, simulate the replacement to
estimate the effect.
− If the difference is greater than 10°, the impact on network performance may be significant. In this
case, estimate the replacement effect and consider another antenna.
 If a wide-beam antenna is replaced by a narrow-beam antenna:
− If the antenna is used in the long and narrow coverage scenarios, such as highways and metros, the
antenna can be replaced.
− If the antenna also provides coverage for cell sides in densely-populated areas, such as villages and
docks, determine whether to replace the antenna based on the simulation and estimation results.
 If a narrow-beam antenna is replaced by a wide-beam antenna, the gains decrease in most cases. For
impact of gain decrease on network performance, see section 4.4.1"Antenna Gains." In addition, the
wide beam may generate inter-cell interference. This interference can be suppressed by adjusting the
azimuth. If the azimuth cannot be adjusted:
− If the included angle between cells is less than 90°, do not replace a 33° antenna with a 65°
antenna.
− If the included angle between cells is less than 110°, do not replace a narrow-beam antenna with a
90° antenna.
4.4.3 Vertical Beamwidth
The vertical beamwidth affects the coverage near the cell edge. A wide vertical lobe indicates slow upper
lobe attenuation and long-distance coverage. The vertical beamwidth also affects the antenna gains.
 If a wide-beam antenna is replaced by a narrow-beam antenna:
− If the gains provided by the two antennas are similar, the attenuation becomes faster due to the
narrow upper lobe, the coverage may shrink, and the signal level at the cell edge decreases.
− If the narrow-beam antenna provides greater gains, the signal level in the main lobe direction
becomes higher after the replacement, which enhances intensive coverage. For coverage at the cell
edge, you need to simulate and estimate the replacement and adjust the tilt.
 If a narrow-beam antenna is replaced by a wide-beam antenna:
− If the gains provided by the two antennas are similar, the attenuation becomes slower due to the
wide upper lobe and the coverage at the cell edge is enhanced. However, overshoot coverage may
occur, which needs to be prevented by adjusting the tilt.
− If the wide-beam antenna provides fewer gains, the intensive coverage becomes weak. In this case,
you need to improve transmit power. For the cell edge, simulate and estimate the replacement and
adjust the tilt and transmit power.
Summary:
 For antenna type selection:
− If the difference between the original antenna and the new antenna is less than or equal to 1°, the
impact on network performance is small.
− If the difference is greater than 1° and less than or equal to 2°, you need to simulate and estimate
the replacement.
− If the difference is greater than 2°, it is recommended that the antenna not be replaced.
 If a wide-beam antenna is replaced by a narrow-beam antenna, adjust the tilt to reduce the impact on
network performance.
 If a narrow-beam antenna is replaced by a wide-beam antenna:
− If the gains provided by the two antennas are similar, the antenna can be replaced. In this case, you
need to adjust the tilt to reduce the impact on network performance.
− If the wide-beam antenna provides fewer gains, simulate and estimate the replacement and adjust
the tilt and transmit power to reduce impact on network performance.
4.4.4 Tilt
Tilts include mechanical tilts and electrical tilts, and adjustable ranges are different for them. The impacts
of mechanical tilts and electrical tilts on network performance are different.
After the mechanical tilt increases, the beam is deformed. This is caused by the inconsistent tilts in each
direction of the antenna. The tilt in the main lobe direction is the greatest, side lobes have no tilt, and the
rear lobe is upturned.
Keep that the mechanical tilt and electrical tilt the same as those before the antenna reconstruction as much
as possible. This minimizes the impact on network performance. If a large mechanical tilt is reconstructed
to an electrical tilt, or a large electrical tilt is reconstructed to a mechanical tilt, first simulate and estimate
the reconstruction and adjust RF parameters to reduce impact on network performance.
In addition, pay attention to the total tilt. The original network may have negative tilts and excessively large
tilts. In this case, install a special pole to preconfigure the tilt (for details, see section 4.3"Evaluation
Process"), thereby meeting the tilt requirement of the original network to ensure network performance.
4.4.5 Other Specifications
Other electrical specifications need to meet common requirements of an antenna.
 Front-to-rear ratio: 25 dB for an antenna with a horizontal beamwidth of 65°
 Diversity mode: ±45° dual-polarized antenna in most cases, providing similar gains to that of space
diversity
 Isolation: greater than or equal to 30 dB
 Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR): less than 1.5
 Third-order intermodulation: intermodulation suppression of IM3 < -150 dBc@2 x 43 dBm
 Upper side lobe suppression: meeting industrial specifications
 Lower null filling: meeting industrial specifications
5 Typical Planning Cases

5.1 Project of Operator E in Country P
5.1.1 Customer Profile and Project Information
Operator E plans to invest USD 1 billion in 3 years to perform the following:
 To reconstruct 824 sites on the live network and deploy more than 3000 new sites
 To reconstruct the transmission network for the entire core network and deploy a new transmission
network for the core network
 To deploy GSM, UMTS, and LTE networks across the country to become the top one operator in the
country
The project involves the following:
 Reconstructing the live network and deploying new networks
 Evolving 824 UMTS single-mode base stations on the live network to GUL multimode base stations
 Using the AAU3910 to replace existing antennas
 Deploying over 3000 new sites
In terms of GSM and UMTS, the RRU3942 is used to connect the AAU passive module, and GSM and
UMTS should share the same electrical tilt. The AWS uses the AAU3910 active module, which supports
independent RET.
Operator E has two continuous UMTS frequency bands. After RRUs are relocated, UMTS frequency
spectrums are adjusted. The available spectrums after the adjustment can be used for new GSM sites. The
newly purchased spectrums are used for new LTE sites. The following table lists the final spectrum
information.
Technology Carrier (Current UL Start UL End DL Start DL End

Network State)
UMTS F1 1885 1890 1965 1970

F2 1890 1895 1970 1975
GSM Band 1 1865 1870 1945 1950
Band 2 1882.5 1885 1962.5 1965
LTE 20MHz 1730 1750 2130 2150
In the two UMTS frequency bands on the live network, there are a large number of F1 sites, and F2 exists
on most F1 sites. The following table provides the site and cell information.
F1 Number of sites 836
Number of cells 2535

F2 Number of sites 622
Number of cells 1853
5.1.2 Information About the Antennas in the Live Network

On operator E's live networks:
 In urban areas, most antennas are 65-degree common antennas, of which the HBX-6516DS-
VTM antennas account for a large proportion.
 In suburbs, there are a large number of 65-degree vertical narrow-beam high-gain antennas.
 In rural areas, a large number of 33-degree high-gain antennas are used for highway coverage.
The following table lists the antenna types on the live network and provides information about AAU
antennas used for network swapping.
Original Antenna GAIN Horizontal - Vertical - Total No.

Beamwidth Beamwidth
932LG65VTE-B-H 17.51 65 6.8 254

950F65T2ZE-B 18.5 65 6.3 260
A19452100 20.51 63 3.7 155
C-BXA-171033-8-M 20.2 32 6.8 4
C-BXA-171065-8-M 17.3 65 7 23
DBXCP-6565B-VTM 18.18 60 4.6 26
HBV-3020DS-T0M 22.15 33 4.6 290
HBV-6517DS-T2M 19.51 65 4.6 182
HBX-3319DS-VTM 20.2 33 6.6 57
HBX-6516DS-VTM 17.65 65 7 981
HBX-6517DS-VTM 18.68 65 4.7 5
HBX-6519DS-T0M 20.31 65 3.8 169
TNA520A00 17.4 62 6.5 30
TNA190A12 17.4 62 6.5 6
TNA544A01 17.4 62 6.5 20
TNA690A02 17.2 62 6.5 3
The following figure compares the antenna pattern between HBX-6516DS-VTM and AAU antenna.
As shown in the previous figure, the electrical specifications of 65-degree common antenna are similar to
those of AAU antennas. After AAU antenna reconstruction, the UMTS performance on the live network
can be kept. After high-gain antennas are replaced with AAU3910s, there may be coverage loss. Coverage
analysis should be performed. Improve power to increase downlink coverage, and enable 4Rx to expand
uplink coverage.
5.1.3 Antenna Reconstruction Policy

There is only the UMTS network on the live network. Therefore, during the reconstruction, you need to
ensure that the UMTS network performance does not decline after network swapping.
The overall principle of the antenna reconstruction policy is to optimize GSM and LTE without
compromising UMTS network performance. The current swapping mode is hybrid swapping. Do not adjust
RF parameters for the planned sites if possible.
The antenna reconstruction policy is described from the following aspects:
 UMTS
There is no special coverage for the two UMTS frequencies. According to the analysis results of the
engineering parameters on the live network, the azimuth and tilt of all F2 cells are the same as those of
F1 cells. F2 and F1 cells share the antenna. The UMTS policy is to ensure F1 coverage while keeping
F2 user distribution (combination of users on F1 and F2 networks through AGPS MRs). To ensure that
the coverage of UMTS cells does not change significantly, during the optimization, the adjustment is
performed within 2° based on the tilt angle on the live network.
You need to refer to the acceptance standard. The tolerable decrease in KPIs during the hybrid
swapping is about 10%, and the evaluation is performed according to the KPIs obtained after the
adjustment of parameters related to the final status of cluster. If the KPIs can be accepted, perform
adjustment based on the parameters related to the final status.
 GSM
The GSM network is newly deployed and does not require two times of KPI acceptance. GSM and
UMTS should share the tilt after deployment. Therefore, you only need to ensure that GSM has good
network performance on the basis of the optimized UMTS tilt. If there is a KPI problem after
deployment, first modify parameters, and then consider optimizing RF parameters.
 LTE
The LTE network is newly deployed and can have its tilt angle adjusted separately from UMTS/GSM.
First, to ensure LTE network performance, perform ACP optimization without limiting the tilt range.
Then, considering LTE 4R uplink gains, adjust the LTE tilt angle close to the UMTS tilt, within a
range of 2° if possible. After the LTE network is deployed, you are advised to perform only initial
enabling tests. Perform the enabling after the reconstruction of the whole cluster, to avoid repeated
delivery.
5.1.4 Required Tools and Data Sources

The following tools are used to analyze reconstruction:
 U-Net: simulates and forecasts reconstruction and performs ACP.
 iDart: analyzes original A-GPS MRs.
 Assistant: analyzes DT data.
 Google Earth: determines the terrain and special areas with coverage.
Table 5.1.4.1.1.1.1.1.1 Major data sources

Data Source Purpose Requirement
Engineering Establishes a project. Contains information such as the site name,

parameters longitude and latitude, antenna height, antenna type,
azimuth, tilt, transmit power, and loss.
MML Analyzes MRs. Must be the latest MML commands.
commands
Antenna file Establishes a project. Must be an .msi file, showing the horizontal and
vertical patterns and antenna gains.
Digit map Establishes a project. Displays information such as clutters, altitudes, and
roads, with the precision of 10 m for urban areas, 20
m for suburbs, and 50 m for rural areas.
Original MRs Analyzes coverage and generates the Obtains the MRs one week before and after the
traffic map. reconstruction.
A-GPS MRs Analyzes coverage and generates the Obtains the MRs one week before and after the
path loss matrix using the ACP tool. reconstruction.
Traffic data Calculates Ec/Io based on cell load Obtains the cell load during busy hours and KPIs
and compares the performance before before and after the antenna reconstruction.
and after the antenna reconstruction.
DT data Calibrates the propagation model and Optimizes the DT route, with UMTS frequency
compares the network performance locking and the vehicle speed lower than 45 km/s.
before and after the antenna
reconstruction.
5.1.5 Planning Results
5.1.5.1 Parameter Adjustment Principles and Tilt Adjustment Statistics
The ACP parameter adjustment principles are as follows:
 Due to the restriction of the AAU clip arm, lower all antennas by 0.7 m.
 To facilitate installation, set all mechanical tilts to 0° and add the original tilt to the electrical tilt.
(Note: Reserve margin for the original tilt. If the electrical tilt is insufficient, set the mechanical tilt to
2.5°.)
 Round non-integral tilts.
 To ensure that there is no significant difference in UMTS coverage before and after antenna
reconstruction, the tilt adjustment range is within [-2,2].
 Keep the azimuth unchanged.
 If necessary, increase the UMTS pilot power to ensure coverage, generally in high-gain antenna
reconstruction scenarios.
The following figure shows the tilt adjustment statistics.
Down Tilt Adjustment Percentage of SCL12

70
60
50
40
%
30
20
10
0
-2 -1 0
5.1.5.2 RSCP Comparison

Before network swapping:
After network swapping:
After ACP optimization:
5.1.5.3 Ec/Io Comparison
Before network swapping:
After network swapping:
After ACP optimization:
5.1.5.4 CDF Curve Comparison
RSCP
120
100
80 original
60 swap
optimized
40
20
0
0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5
-5 -5 -6 -6 -7 -7 -8 -8 -9 -9 -10 -10 -11 -11
Ec/Io
120
100
80 original
swap
60 optimized
40
20
0
-9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 -17
As shown in the preceding figure, after the original antennas are replaced by AAU3910s, the coverage
slightly declines and the Ec/Io also slightly decreases because the lobe on the AAU3910 is narrow.
However, after RF parameters are optimized through ACP, the RSCP and Ec/Io become equal to those of
the original network.
5.1.6 Drive Test Results

5.1.6.1 RSCP Comparison
Before antenna reconstruction:
After antenna reconstruction:
RSCP comparison (the value after antenna reconstruction minus the value before antenna reconstruction)
5.1.6.2 Ec/Io
Before antenna reconstruction:
After antenna reconstruction:
Ec/Io comparison (the value after antenna reconstruction minus the value before antenna reconstruction)
According to the previous DT results, after antenna reconstruction, the percentage of RSCP values that are
greater than –85 dBm decreases from 96.04% to 95.64%, and the percentage of RSCP values that are
greater than –95 dBm increases from 99.84% to 99.86%. With measurement error and data fluctuation
taken into consideration, the RSCP after antenna reconstruction is basically the same as that before antenna
reconstruction. However, the Ec/Io after antenna reconstruction is better than that before antenna
reconstruction, that is, the percentage of Ec/Io values that are greater than –12 dB increases from 75.57% to
78.05%.
5.1.7 KPI Comparison
The preceding figure shows a comparison of KPIs before and after SCL12 reconstruction. The KPIs after
antenna reconstruction are basically the same as those before antenna reconstruction.
5.1.8 Comparison of Antenna Reconstruction at a Special Site

In the SCL antenna reconstruction area, there is a 33-degree high-gain antenna (HBX-3319DS-VTM)
sector, which is located on the beach. The sector is used to cover the entire beach, the west of which is the
Pacific Ocean and the East of which is a highland.
The following table compares the electrical specifications between the AAU3910 and the high-gain
antenna.
Original ANTENNA GAIN (dBi) H-Beamwidth V-Beamwidth
AAU3910 18.05 65 6
HBX-3319DS-VTM 20.2 33 6.6
As described in the preceding table, the gain provided by the AAU3910 is 2 dB less than that provided by
the high-gain antenna, and the vertical beam of the AAU3910 is narrower than that of the high-gain
antenna, which causes the antenna coverage to shrink after antenna reconstruction. Therefore, you must
optimize RF parameters for this cell before antenna reconstruction.
Results of antenna reconstruction:
Cell Name Original Tilt Optimized Tilt
01300372_LM_Barranquito 5 3
As shown in the preceding figure, the coverage direction and coverage range of the main lobe remain
unchanged after antenna reconstruction, and the coverage of the whole beach is basically not affected. The
east of the sector is a highland, and the coverage range of the left side lobe remains unchanged after
network swapping. The reconstruction into 65-degree antenna does not cause too much interference to
neighboring cells. The left area covered by this sector increases. Since the left side is the Pacific Ocean and
there is no other base station and almost no traffic, network quality is not affected after antenna
reconstruction.
The following figure shows the comparison results of KPIs before and after antenna reconstruction.
As shown in the preceding figure, since the coverage range increases after antenna reconstruction, both CS
traffic and PS traffic increase in this sector. Indicator related to access, call drop, and handover are almost
the same as those before antenna reconstruction.
5.1.9 Summary
This case shows that multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction is feasible, and the AAU3910
reconstruction provides a good effect.
 The multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction is successfully used and the KPIs after
reconstruction keep stable.
 The ACP based on the A-GPS MR can optimize the network to ensure the coverage and signal quality
of the live network.
 After the antenna reconstruction, the coverage and signal quality of networks in both the urban areas
and suburbs are basically the same as those in the original live network.
 Reconstruction of common antennas does not impact network performance.
 Reconstruction of some, not all, high-gain antennas causes risks. If the coverage shrinks, increase the
downlink transmit power and enable 4Rx in the uplink to ensure network performance.
5.2 Project of Operator V in Country S
5.2.1 Project Information
With the development of the communications system, high capacity is required, spectrum resources become
insufficient, multi-band and multimode systems co-exist, and available space for site installation becomes
tighter. Huawei AAU solution for multimode base stations, with high integration and high capacity, saves
more than 75% site space and uses related features to enhance performance and overall capacity of the
network.
Therefore, operator V deploys AAU3902s in the SA SGC area to increase the capacity. The first office
application (FOA) has two clusters that include 11 base stations in total. This case describes the planning
results of all sites and the network performance of the five base stations in the first cluster.
5.2.2 Information About the Antennas in the Live Network

The live network of operator V uses three frequency bands and three modes, GSM 900 MHz, GSM 1800
MHz, LTE 1800 MHz, and UMTS 2100 MHz. GSM 1800 MHz and LTE 1800 MHz share one antenna.
Different frequency bands use different antennas. The following table lists the comparison of gains and
beamwidth between the antennas in the live network and AAU3902 antennas:
Band Common Antenna AAU3902 Antenna
Gain Horizontal Vertical Gain Horizontal Vertical

(dBi) Beamwidth Beamwidth (dBi) Beamwidth Beamwidth
900 16 65°/72° 7.5°/10°/9.8° 17 65° 9.3°

MHz
1800 16 65°/72° 5.2°/7.8° 17 65° 5.8°
MHz
2100 15/17.7 61°/64° 5°/6° 17.5 56° 5.35°
MHz
According to the information in the table above:

 The AAU3902 antennas provide gains greater than the antennas in live network.
 The beamwidths of some antennas in the live network are greater than those of the AAU3902 antenna.
The antenna reconstruction may have certain impact on the coverage and signal quality of the live
network. However, the electrical specifications of the antennas in the live network are similar to those
of the AAU3902 antennas. Therefore, with RF parameter optimization, AAU3902 antennas can meet
reconstruction requirements in the live network.
5.2.3 Antenna Reconstruction Strategy

After the original antenna is replaced with an AAU3902 antenna, GSM 1800 MHz and LTE 1800 MHz use
the passive module in the AAU, sharing the tilt. GSM 900 MHz uses the passive module in the AAU, and
UMTS 2100 MHz uses the active module in the AAU. The tilts of the three bands are independent.
The following table lists the RF parameter settings for each band and each mode in the live network.
Cell Name GSM 900 MHz UMTS 2100 MHz GSM 1800 MHz & LTE 1800 MHz
Height Azimuth MT ET Height Azimut MT ET Height Azimuth MT ET

(m) (°) (m) h (°) (m) (°)
Blairgowrie_North_1 20 60 2 8 20 120 0 6 20 60 2 8
Blairgowrie_1 22 60 0.35 8/6 22 60 0.35 10 22 60 0.35 8
Blairgowrie_2 22 240 0.4 3/2 22 240 0.4 6 22 240 0.4 6
Blairgowrie_SGC_3 22 300 1.2 2/6 22 300 1.2 4 22 300 1.2 5
Douglasdale_SGC_1 11.5 60 0 N/A 11.5 60 0 2 12 60 0 2
Homestead_Avenue_SGC_1 23 65 1.5 4 21 65 1.4 10 23 65 1.5 4
KensingtonB_SGC_1 23.7 32 3 N/A 20.7 32 2 8 23.7 32 3 8
Linden_Ext_SGC_1 19.5 20 0 N/A 17.5 20 0 6 19.5 20 0 8
Linden_Ext_SGC_2 19.5 140 0 N/A 17.5 140 0 6 19.5 140 0 6
Linden_Ext_SGC_3 19.5 250 0 N/A 17.5 250 0 9 19.5 250 0 6
Mill_Hill_SGC_1 28 0 0.1 N/A 25 0 0.7 N/A 28 0 0.1 2
Mill_Hill_SGC_2 28 140 1.6 N/A 25 140 0.05 N/A 28 140 1.6 2
Mill_Hill_SGC_3 28 240 0.87 N/A 25 240 1 N/A 28 240 0.87 7
Nicol_Way_Bryanston_SGC_ 15 0 5.1 2/7 15 0 5.1 5 15 0 5.1 7
1
2
3
Pine_Park_Ext_SGC_1 18.5 18 2.8 8/6 20.45 18 2.8 5 18.5 18 2.8 6
Pine_Park_Ext_SGC_2 18.5 89 2.6 8/6 20.45 89 2.6 5 18.5 89 2.6 6
Pine_Park_Ext_SGC_3 18.5 265 2.8 10/8 20.45 265 2.8 5 18.5 265 2.8 8
Pine_Park_SGC_1 17.5 60 8 6 17.5 60 8 10 17.5 60 8 3
Pine_Park_SGC_2 17.5 160 1 6 17.5 160 1 10 17.5 160 1 3
Pine_Park_SGC_3 19 300 3 6 19 300 3 10 19 300 3 3
William_Nicol_SGC_1 20.7 66 2.2 3/9 20.7 66 2.2 5 20.7 66 2.2 3
According to the information in the table above:
 In the live network, the height of the antennas in some UMTS sectors is 2 to 3 m lower than
that in the GSM and LTE sectors.
 The mechanical tilts are different among some GSM, UMTS, and LTE sectors.
 The azimuths differ significantly among the cells in the Blairgowrie_North site.
After the original antenna is replaced with an AAU3902 antenna, the antenna height, azimuth, and
mechanical tilt must be the same for GSM, UMTS, and LTE. Electrical tilts can be separately adjusted for
different frequency bands. The reconstruction strategy is as follows:
 Operator V adjusts the azimuth for three Blairgowrie_North cells.
 If the antenna heights are different among sectors, adjust those antennas to the highest.
 Keep the initial mechanical and electrical tilts the same as those of the live network as much
as possible to ensure unchanged network performance.
− Afterthe RF parameter initialization, keep the total tilt of the mechanical and electrical tilts
the same as the original total tilt as much as possible.
− Mechanical tilts of the AAU3902 antenna can only be set to 0, 1.5, or 3. You need to
preferentially ensure that the mechanical tilts are set to the same as those of the original antenna
and round up the original mechanical tilts.
− Set the electrical tilt to an integer, and adjust it with a step of 1° when required.
− The total tilt must be close to that of the live network to ensure unchanged coverage.
5.2.4 Required Tools

U-Net
5.2.5 Planning Results

Based on the multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction principles, use the U-Net to simulate and
plan the reconstruction. The following table lists the parameters to be planned.
GSM 900 MHz UMTS 2100 MHz GSM 1800 MHz & LTE 1800 MHz
Cell Name Height Azimuth MT ET Height Azimuth MT ET Height Azimuth MT ET

(m) (°) (m) (°) (m) (°)
Blairgowrie_1 22 60 1.5 5 22 60 1.5 3 22 60 1.5 10

Blairgowrie_2 22 240 1.5 5 22 240 1.5 3 22 240 1.5 4
Blairgowrie_3 22 300 1.5 6 22 300 1.5 3 22 300 1.5 4
Blairgowrie North_1 20 50 3 6 20 50 3 5 20 50 3 7
Douglasdale_1 12 60 0 2 12 60 0 3 12 60 0 2
Douglasdale_2 12 280 0 6 12 280 0 6 12 280 0 6
Douglasdale_3 10 340 3 10 10 340 3 10 10 340 3 9
Homestead Ave_1 23 65 1.5 4 23 65 1.5 8 23 65 1.5 10
Homestead Ave_2 23 174 1.5 6 23 174 1.5 1 23 174 1.5 6
Homestead Ave_3 23 273 1.5 8 23 273 1.5 3 23 273 1.5 9
Kensington B_1 23.7 32 3 8 23.7 32 3 8 23.7 32 3 7
Kensington B_2 23.7 135 3 10 23.7 137 3 10 23.7 137 3 7
Kensington B_3 23.7 331 3 7 23.7 331 3 7 23.7 331 3 2
Linden Ext_1 19.5 20 1.5 7 19.5 20 1.5 6 19.5 20 1.5 5
Linden Ext_2 19.5 140 1.5 4 19.5 140 1.5 3 19.5 140 1.5 3
Linden Ext_3 19.5 250 3 4 19.5 250 3 3 19.5 250 3 6
Mill Hill_1 28 0 1.5 1 28 0 1.5 1 28 0 1.5 1
Mill Hill_2 28 140 1.5 2 28 140 1.5 2 28 140 1.5 1
Mill Hill_3 28 240 1.5 7 28 240 1.5 5 28 240 1.5 1
Nicol_Way_Bryanston_1 15 0 3 9 15 0 3 4 15 0 3 7
Pine_Park_Ext_1 20.45 18 3 8 20.45 18 3 6 20.45 18 3 5
Pine_Park_Ext_2 20.45 89 3 8 20.45 89 3 6 20.45 89 3 5
Pine_Park_Ext_3 20.45 265 3 10 20.45 265 3 8 20.45 265 3 4
Pine_Park_1 17.5 60 3 10 17.5 60 3 6 17.5 60 3 9
Pine_Park_2 17.5 160 1.5 6 17.5 160 1.5 3 17.5 160 1.5 7
Pine_Park_3 19 300 3 6 19 300 3 3 19 300 3 6
William Nicol_1 20.7 66 3 2 20.7 66 3 3 20.7 66 3 4
William Nicol_2 20.7 182 3 2 20.7 182 3 3 20.7 182 3 3
William Nicol_3 20.7 303 3 2 20.7 303 3 3 20.7 303 3 7
5.2.5.1 GSM Performance Comparison
The following figures show receive level distribution and CIR distribution before and after the GSM
As shown in the figures above, the GSM coverage and CIR remain basically unchanged, meeting the
antenna reconstruction requirements.
5.2.5.2 UMTS Performance Comparison

The following figures show RSCP CDF and Ec/Io CDF before and after the UMTS antenna reconstruction
of cluster1.
As shown in the figures above, the UMTS coverage and Ec/Io improve, meeting the antenna reconstruction
requirements.
5.2.5.3 LTE Performance Comparison

The following figures show RSRP distribution and SINR distribution before and after the LTE antenna
reconstruction.
As shown in the figures above, the LTE coverage and SINR remain basically unchanged, meeting the
antenna reconstruction requirements.
5.2.6 Drive Test Results

5.2.6.1 GSM
5.2.6.1.1 Rxlev
The proportion of the Rxlev falling in the range [-79, -10] increases from 66.21% to 83.41%.
GSM Long call Rxlev RRU/RFU_Baseline GSM Long call Rxlev AAU_Baseline
5.2.6.1.2 Receive Signal Quality
The proportion of the receive signal quality falling in the range [0,5] increases from 92.77% to 93.93%.
GSM Long call Rxqual RRU/RFU_Baseline GSM Long call Rxqual AAU_Baseline
5.2.6.2 UMTS
Traffic volumes vary in different test phases and UMTS network performance is affected by the traffic
volume. Therefore, different test conditions may affect the test results of performance such as throughput,
CQI, and Ec/Io, and they are used for reference only. The RSCP is a coverage-related counter, which
indicates the coverage change after the reconstruction.
5.2.6.2.1 UMTS CS Long Call
RSCP
The RSCP keeps stable after the reconstruction. The proportion of the RSCP greater than or equal to -90
dBm increases from 56.04% to 78.04%, and coverage improves.
UMTS long call RSCP RRU/RFU_Baseline UMTS long call RSCP AAU_Baseline
Ec/Io
The Ec/Io keeps stable after the reconstruction. The proportion of the Ec/Io greater than or equal to -13 dB
increases from 84.24% to 85.98%, and the coverage in some areas improves.
UMTS long call EcIo RRU/RFU_Baseline UMTS long call EcIo AAU_Baseline
5.2.6.2.2 UMTS HSDPA FTP Download

DL Throughput
The HSDPA throughput keeps stable.
UMTS HSDPA Throughput RRU/RFU_Baseline UMTS HSDPA Throughput AAU_Baseline
CQI
The CQI keeps stable.
UMTS CQI RRU/RFU_Baseline UMTS CQI AAU_Baseline

5.2.6.2.3 UMTS HSUPA FTP Upload
UL Throughput
The HSUPA throughput keeps stable.
Interference
UMTS HSUPA Throughput RRU/RFU_Baseline UMTS HSUPA Throughput AAU_Baseline
Interference occurs on all carriers in sector 1 of the 3G_Blairgowrie_North_SGC site, so the uplink
throughput is low.
5.2.6.3 LTE
5.2.6.3.1 LTE Upload
RSRP
The average uplink RSRP increases from -97.31 to -94.64.
LTE Upload RSRP RRU/RFU_Baseline LTE Upload RSRP AAU_Baseline
RSSI
The average uplink RSSI increases from -75.08 to -73.03.
LTE Upload RSSI RRU/RFU_Baseline LTE Upload RSSI AAU_Baseline
SINR
The average uplink SINR increases from 12.31 to 11.83.
LTE Upload SINR RRU/RFU_Baseline LTE Upload SINR AAU_Baseline
Throughput
The average uplink RLC throughput increases from 2584.48 kbit/s to 3211.72 kbit/s.
LTE Upload throughput RRU/RFU_Baseline LTE Upload Throughput AAU_Baseline
5.2.6.3.2 LTE Download

RSRP
The average downlink RSRP increases from -97.49 to -91.55.
LTE Download RSRP RRU/RFU_Baseline LTE Download RSRP AAU_Baseline
RSSI
The average downlink RSSI increases from -73.71 to -67.65.
LTE Download RSSI RRU/RFU_Baseline LTE Download RSSI AAU_Baseline

SINR
The average downlink SINR decreases from 12.66 to 11.75.
LTE Download SINR RRU/RFU_Baseline LTE Download SINR AAU_Baseline
Throughput
The average downlink RLC throughput decreases from 5468.83 kbit/s to 5462.07 kbit/s.
LTE Download Throughput RRU/RFU_Baseline LTE Download Throughput AAU_Baseline

5.2.7 KPI Comparison
5.2.7.1 GSM
The CDR keeps stable.
The CSSR keeps stable.
The CS traffic volume increases after the reconstruction, and decreases to normal values after RF
parameters are optimized.
The PS traffic volume slightly increases after the reconstruction, and decreases normal values after RF
parameters are optimized.
5.2.7.2 UMTS
5.2.7.2.1 Sites That Uses VMS (3G_Blairgowrie_North_SGC/3G_Blairgowrie_SGC)
The CS CSSR keeps stable. The PS CSSR slightly decreases because external interference in sector 1 of the
3G_Blairgowrie_North site causes the RTWP to increase during the VMS activation period. Then, the PS
CSSR keeps stable.
The CS CDR keeps stable (the increase in the CS CDR is caused by misoperations).
The PS CDR keeps stable. The PS CDR slightly decreases because external interference in sector 1 of the
3G_Blairgowrie_North site causes the RTWP to increase on April 8.
The CS traffic volume keeps stable.
The PS traffic volume keeps stable.
5.2.7.2.2 Sites That Uses V4R (3G_Pine_Park_SGC/ 3G_Linden_Ext_SGC/

3G_Pine_Park_Ext_SGC)
The CS CSSR slightly increases.
The PS CSSR increases after the reconstruction, but decreases on April 9 due to feature activation failure in
the 3G_Pine_Park_SGC_1 site.
The CS CDR decreases.
The PS CDR decreases.
The CS traffic volume increases.

The CS traffic volume basically keeps stable.
5.2.7.3 LTE
The LTE CSSR keeps stable, except the decrease caused by CDN misoperations on April 11.
The LTE E-RAB call drop rate keeps stable, except the decrease caused by CDN misoperations on April 11.
The number of LTE CSFB attempts and LTE CSFB success rate keep stable.
The uplink LTE throughput and downlink LTE throughput keep stable.
5.2.8 Summary
The antenna reconstruction strategy is feasible. After the antennas in the live network are replaced with
AAU3902s:
 KPIs basically keep stable.
 Coverage slightly improves.
6 Appendix
6.1 Operations for Estimating Antenna Reconstruction
6.1.1 Project Establishment
A project is established based on the engineering parameters in the live network. Therefore, the parameters
must be accurate to ensure the accuracy of performance estimation. In most cases, multi-band and
multimode antenna reconstruction is applied to the scenario where multiple modes share the same antenna
height, azimuth, and tilt. Therefore, you are advised to establish a multimode project, which facilitates
evaluating the network performance of each mode during ACP optimization.
6.1.2 Data Importing

6.1.2.1 Antenna File
The accuracy of an antenna file determines the accuracy of the network performance estimation after multi-
band multimode antenna reconstruction. For antennas in the live network, import the antenna files provided
by the customer of the corresponding type and frequency band and also import the antenna pattern after the
reconstruction. Some antennas are multi-column antennas. Their electrical specifications are generally the
same as other antennas. However, to ensure accuracy, you also need to obtain the logic diagram between
the RF ports and arrays and the port diagram. Then, determine the antenna array used by each mode
according to cable connections, and choose the required antenna files.
Using the AAU3910 as an example, the following shows the logic diagram of RF ports and arrays and port
diagram. Port names shown in the port diagram are formal names. The mapping between ports in the logic
diagram and port diagram is as follows:
Back-board: BaPL --- ANT_TX/RXA
BaML --- ANT_TX/RXB
BaPR --- ANT_RXC
BaMR --- ANT_RXD
Bottom-board: BaPR --- ANT_TX/RXA
BaMR --- ANT_TX/RXB
BaPL --- ANT_RXC
BaML --- ANT_RXD
"M" and "P" indicate the polarization modes. "L" and "R" indicate antenna arrays.
Left Side Right Side
Phase-shifter(+)
Phase-shifter(+)
Phase-shifter(-)
M Phase-shifter(-) M
Back-board
BaML
BaMR
BaPR
BaPL
FOR RU
AISG
combiner combiner combiner combiner
Bottom-board
BaMR
BaML
AISG IN
FOR RU
BaPR
BaPL
AISG
AISG
OUT
As shown in the preceding figure, in the AAU3910 antenna reconstruction project in Country P, the GU
RRUs are connected to the BaPR and BaMR ports on the bottom board, and LTE RRUs are connected to
the BaPL and BaML ports on the rear board. This means that the GU RRUs use the arrays on the right of
the AAU3910 and LTE RRUs use the arrays on the left. Therefore, select the correct antenna pattern when
performing simulation.
Classify antennas by type and import files of antenna of the same antenna type to one folder, regardless of
their tilts. In this way, when the ACP is used to adjust tilts, it can select antennas files of different tilts from
the file folder of a specific antenna type.
6.1.2.2 MR Data
To ensure simulation accuracy, the imported MRs must be A-GPS MRs. Before importing MR data,
preprocess the MRs on the iDart to generate the geographical data of A-GPS positioning MRs and
geographical data of signature positioning common MRs. The former is used to generate the ACP path loss
matrix, and the latter is used to generate the traffic map.
Step 1 On the U-Net, import the MRs to the folder shown in the following figure.
Step 2 In the displayed Field Mapping dialog box, select the corresponding mode and save path of
the MR data, and then perform field mapping.
Fields with * are mandatory. The geographical data of A-GPS positioning MRs is used to generate the ACP
path loss matrix, which requires the RSCP to be mapped and imported. The geographical data of signature
positioning common MRs is used to generate the traffic map. Specifically, you need to import the number
of MRs. It is recommended that ServeCellMRCount be mapped onto CellCSMRCount or
CellPSMRCount.
Step 3 Create a view to generate a visualized map.
Step 4 Right-click the created view, and select Display from the short-cut menu.
Step 5 In the MR Study Types dialog box, select RSCP and MR Count for geographical data of A-
GPS positioning MRs and geographical data of signature positioning common MRs, respectively.
After a visualized map is generated, the geographical data of A-GPS positioning MRs is completely
processed, which will be used later by the ACP. The geographical data of signature positioning common
MRs needs to be further processed to generate the traffic map.
Step 6 Right-click Traffic Map, and select New and the corresponding mode from the short-cut
menu.
Step 7 In the displayed New Traffic Mao (Volume) dialog box, set Create Traffic Map Based On
to Measurement report, and select the geographical data of signature positioning common MRs to
generate the view.
Step 8 Click OK.

Original MR data has been imported.
----End
6.1.2.3 DT Data
Step 1 A drive test is used to calibrate the propagation model, compare the DT route simulation
results, and compare the swapping results after project implementation. DT data needs to be imported
into the U-Net in the former two purposes. The data contains longitude and latitude, frequency, serving
cell (PCS for UMTS, and BSIC for GSM), and receive level. Obtain the DT data on Assistant.
The following figure shows the importing of DT data. When used to calibrate the propagation model, the
DT data needs to be converted into CW test data.
Step 2 Start automatic calibration using the CW test data.
Step 3 Select the propagation model and parameters to be calibrated. You must select the correct
frequency band. It is recommended that the propagation model be backed up before calibration. In most
cases, only K1 and K2 need to be selected. You can also select Losses Per Cluster to calibrate the
clutter loss.
Step 4 After the calibration, click Commit to apply the calibration results.
----End
6.1.3 Simulation
Simulation is used to estimate network performance before and after antenna reconstruction, which is used
to compare the performance of the entire reconstruction area and the network performance on the DT route
of the reconstruction area.
Simulation of the entire area aims to ensure the overall network performance of the reconstruction area. To
facilitate later network optimization and acceptance that are performed based on the DT results, simulation
on the DT route needs to be considered during planning. To perform simulation on the DT route, select
Compare With DT/CW based on the settings for area simulation, and select the correct DT data.
The following figure shows the simulation results of the entire area and on the DT route.
6.1.4 ACP Planning

Step 1 Create an ACP task.
Step 2 On the displayed dialog box, choose the Optimization Configuration tab page, select the
ACP optimization area, and export the antenna parameter settings.
Step 3 Set the following fields.
Field Description
Transceiver Name Same as the value of Transceiver Name among the engineering
parameters
Cell Name Same as the value of Cell Name among the engineering parameters
Antenna Type Current Type of the antenna in the live network
Antenna Type Initial Antenna reconstruction initialization
Set this field to the folder name of the antenna used for
reconstruction.
Antenna Type Tune Whether to change the type of the antenna
The value of this field is True or False.
Antenna Type Antenna Group Setting of an antenna group
Electrical Tilt Tune Whether electrical tilts are used
If electrical tilts are used in reconstructed areas, the value of this field
is True. In other cases, the value of this field is False.
Electrical Tilt Port Antenna port
Electrical Tilt Current(Total) Electrical tilt in the live network
Electrical Tilt Range Type Antenna adjustment range type
The value of this field is Absolute or Relative.
Electrical Tilt Max The maximum value that can be adjusted for the electrical tilt.
Electrical Tilt Min The minimum value that can be adjusted for the electrical tilt.
Electrical Tilt Initial Electrical tilt initialization
Electrical Tilt Manual Manually configured electrical tilt
Leave this field blank.
Mechanical Tilt Tune Same as the fields for an electrical tilt
Mechanical Tilt Current
Mechanical Tilt Range Type
Mechanical Tilt Max
Mechanical Tilt Min
Mechanical Tilt Initial
Mechanical Tilt Manual
Azimuth Tune Same as the fields for an electrical tilt
Azimuth Current
Azimuth Range Type
Azimuth Max
Azimuth Min
Azimuth Initial
Azimuth Manual
Height Tune Same as the fields for an electrical tilt
Height Current
Height Range
Height Initial
Height Co-Site Synchronization
Height Manual
Step 4 Create another ACP task, select DT/MR for Matrix Creation Type. Do not select With
shadow or Indoor coverage, because the signal level in the MRs is the actual level. Select MR first,
and select the imported A-GPS positioning MRs.
Step 5 Specify the performance statistic scope, and right-click Objectives to create a counter
measurement task.
Step 6 Specify the counters to be measured by the ACP and thresholds. Based on the mapping of
ServeCellMRCount when the MRs are imported, select PS or CS for the traffic map.
Step 7 Specify the ACP optimization area, set parameters to be optimized, modify the power
optimization scope, and import the prepared ACP antenna parameter table.
Step 8 Start the ACP. After the ACP finishes running, click Commit to import the engineering
parameters to the U-Net.
----End
6.1.5 Adjustment for Optimization

Use the ACP planning results to perform simulation. Compare the simulation results with the simulation
results for the original network. According to the comparison, manually adjust the ACP planning results
based on the terrain on Google Earth, traffic map, and antenna pattern.
Parameters that can be adjusted are as follows: electrical tilt, azimuth, antenna height, pilot power, and
maximum transmit power.
6.1.5.1 Adjustment Principles

During the optimization, adjust RF parameters to improve coverage or suppress interference based on the
following principles:
 Improve the coverage in weak coverage areas by adjusting the following parameters in order:
− Transmit power: increase the transmit power to improve coverage at cell edge by 1 dB each
time.
Note that the ultimate transmit power must not be larger than the rated power.
− Tilt:
increase the tilt to improve coverage at the cell edge by 1° to 2° each time. Select the
antenna file for the corresponding electrical tilt when adjusting the electrical tilt.
− Antenna height: Raise antenna height to improve coverage in hills and highlands, or improve
coverage at the cell edge by decreasing the tilt.
 Reduce the pilot pollution areas by adjusting the following parameters in order:
− Tilt:
Increase the tilt by 1° to 2° each time to reduce the coverage area of a cell and the
overlapped area.
− Pilotpower: Reduce the pilot power of cells (except for the serving cell) near to the pilot
pollution area by 1 dB each time.
− Antenna height: Lower the antenna to reduce the coverage area of a cell and the overlapped
coverage area on the premise that the coverage of the network is not reduced.
 Increase the Ec/Io (SINR) in areas with low Ec/Io by adjusting the following parameters in
order (if low Ec/Io is caused by weak coverage, see the first measure. This measure is used for low
Ec/Io caused by interference. The optimization priority for the Ec/Io is lower than that for pilot
pollution):
− Tilt: Reduce the tilt by 1° to 2° each time to mitigate interference.
− Transmit power: Reduce the transmit power of the interfering signals by 1 dBm each time to
mitigate interference.
− Antenna height: Lower the antenna at high sites (sites higher than 40 meters) to reduce the
overlapped coverage area. Ensure that the adjustment does not reduce the coverage of the
network.
 You are not advised to adjust azimuths because the adjustment causes great impact on network
performance. If inter-cell interference is severe after a narrow-beam antenna is replaced by a wide-
beam antenna, you can adjust azimuth within the range of 30°.
6.1.5.2 Optimization Skills
The following optimization rules and skills help improve optimization efficiency:
 Refer to the traffic map and Google Earth and pay attention to coverage in villages and docks.
 Compare the antenna patterns to roughly estimate the coverage difference between the
original and reconstructed networks, and perform adjustment based on the comparison results.
For example, the upper lobe of the vertical beam of the original antenna is 1° wider than that of the
reconstructed antenna, the gains and horizontal beams of the two antennas are similar. Therefore, the
coverage of the original antenna is larger. If the coverage after the reconstruction becomes weaker,
decrease the electrical tilt by 1°.
 Decreasing the tilt will expand coverage, but lowers the signal level near the cell center.
Increasing the tilt provides reverse effects.
 In most cases, adjust the tilt by 1°. If the signal level difference is large, such as in a high-gain
antenna reconstruction scenario, adjust the tilt by 2°.
 If the specifications of the original antenna and reconstructed antenna are similar, adjusting
the tilt can meet the coverage requirement in most cases.
 For the rural site that provides coverage for highways, the tilt is set to a small value, for
example, 1° or 2°. If adjusting the tilt cannot meet the coverage requirement, you can increase
transmit power.
 For the site at a mountain top, the tilt is set to large values to provide coverage for roads on the
mountain foot, adjusting the tilt may significantly impact the coverage.
 Adjusting tilts for sectors that cover mountain areas does not significantly improve coverage.
If coverage becomes poor, increase the transmit power.
 If a high-gain antenna is replaced, the signal level of the entire sector decreases in most cases.
If the site is not too high, the coverage range is small, and the tilt is large (3° to 4°), decreasing the
tilt may improve the coverage but you also need to increase the transmit power. If the available
transmit power is sufficient, you can increase the transmit power by the difference between the
original antenna and the reconstruction antenna.
 If a sector using a large mechanical tilt is reconstructed to a sector using the electrical tilt, the
coverage improves in the main lobe direction however weakens in the side directions of the lobe.
Decreasing the tilt may cause overlapped coverage in the main lobe direction and the decrease in
the signal level near the cell center. In this case, you can increase the transmit power to improve the
coverage, but cannot achieve the coverage same as that before the reconstruction.
 Check the signal level of surrounding cells in the area with increasing interference. If
overlapped coverage occurs, decrease the tilt to mitigate the interference and enhance the coverage
near the cell center and intensive coverage.
 If the included angle between original cells is less than 60° and a narrow-beam antenna is
replaced by a wide-beam antenna, severe interference may occur after the reconstruction. In this
case, you can adjust the azimuth to mitigate the interference. Adjust the azimuth with a step of 5°
to 10° to a maximum value of 20°, which is to prevent the coverage from changing too much.
 You can adjust multiple discontinuous sectors at a time and perform simulation to reduce the
software running times.
Record each adjustment operation to facilitate rollback when the optimization effect is not noticeable
or performance deteriorates.

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Product Name Security Level

SRAN Solution Design INTERNAL

SRAN10.0 Multi-band, Multimode, and Multi-

Prepared By Jin Tao (employee ID: 00182381) Li Guowei Date 2014-03-10

Approved By Chen Wei (employee ID: 00119773) Date 2015-02-12

Huawei Technologies CO., LTD.

Date Revision Version Description Author

2020-05-18 Huawei confidential. No spreading without Page 3 of 106

1 MBB Network Development and Networking Requirements.............................................8

2 Definition and Analysis of Typical Multi-antenna Networking Scenarios....................17

3 RF Planning Optimization Policy for Typical Multi-antenna Networks.........................21

4 Multi-band and Multi-antenna Reconstruction....................................................................36

5 Typical Planning Cases..............................................................................................................45

Figure 1-2 Planning roadmap of UEs supporting multi-antenna transmission.......................................................9

Figure 4-1 Multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction process...............................................................36

Figure 4-2 ACP process........................................................................................................................................39

Figure 4-3 Installing special poles........................................................................................................................41

Table 1-2 Requirements on the multi-antenna solution from top customers........................................................13

Table 3-1 Different multi-band and multimode scenarios.....................................................................................21

Table 3-2 General multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction policy......................................................24

Table 5-1 Major data sources................................................................................................................................48

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AAU active antenna unit

Figure 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Spectrum classification and usage plan in Europe

Figure 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2 Planning roadmap of UEs supporting multi-antenna transmission

Table 1.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Antenna configuration in Europe

1.3 Summary of Multi-band, Multimode, and Multi-antenna

Table 1.3.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Requirements on the multi-antenna solution from top customers

Telus in Frequency AWS+PCS AWS+PCS 2300 AWS+PCS

Height 1500 mm 1500 mm 1500 mm 1500 mm

Weight TBC TBC TBC TBC

Countries Frequency 1.8 A+2.1 800 A+900 900

Antenna > 18.5 dBi Gain = 16 Low

Weight TBC TBC TBC

Asian-Pacific Frequency SBM:

Latin America Frequency PCS (P) 700 A+850 700 A/800

Height TBC TBC TBC

Antenna TBC Gain = 16 Gain = 16

Weight TBC TBC TBC

VDF UK Frequency 2.1

Antenna 900 MHz:

2 Definition and Analysis of Typical Multi-antenna Networking

2.1 Multi-band and Multimode Development

The main frequency bands used in America are as follows:

2.2 Feature and Landform Classification and Coverage Baseline

2.3 UE Carrying Policy

Overall GUL Networking Policy

Camping policy Policy for CS services Policy for PS services

LTE LTE LTE

3.1 Multi-band and Multimode Networks Requiring RF Planning

Table 3.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Different multi-band and multimode scenarios

Dense urban The performance The coverage of None Focus on

Table 3.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2 General multi-band and multimode antenna reconstruction policy

There are many ● Threshold for the UMTS-to-

Swapping ● The maximum antenna Reconstruction can be performed

average height of coverage and inter-cell

3.2 RF Planning Optimization Policy for Multi-band GUL Multimode

3.2.1.1 High and Low Frequency Bands on Different Antennas

3.2.1.1.1 RF Planning Policy on Low Frequency Bands

3.2.1.1.3 RF Planning Policy on High Frequency Bands

3.2.2 Networks in America

3.2.2.1 High and Low Frequency Bands on Different Antennas

3.2.2.1.1 RF Planning Policy on Low Frequency Bands