What Is Psychology 3rd Edition by Ellen E. Pastorino - Test Bank

What is Psychology 3rd Edition By Ellen E.
Pastorino – Test Bank
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Sample Test
Chapter 3—How Do We Sense and Perceive Our World?

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following is true?
a. Perception involves transduction.
b. In the two-step process of perception and sensation, perception oc
c. In sensation, environmental energy is converted into action potenti
d. All of these choices

ANS: C DIF: Moderate
REF: 85
OBJ: Measuring Sensation and Perception: How Sensitive
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

2. Of the following, which best explains the differences that

exist between individuals in terms of how they view and
react to their experiences?
a. Sensation c. Action po
b. Perception d. Transduc

ANS: B DIF: Easy
REF: 85
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Conceptual

3. While our experiences don’t greatly influence the

processes involved in ____, they can greatly influence the
processes involved in ____.
a. sensation; perception c. transduct
b. perception; sensation d. action po

ANS: A DIF: Moderate
REF: 85
Are Our Senses?

4. Transduction is a process associated most directly with
a. sensation. c. top-down
b. perception. d. emotiona

REF: 85
Are Our Senses?

5. Which of the following is more directly associated with

perception than sensation?
a. Action potentials c. Interpreta
b. Transduction d. All of thes

REF: 85
Are Our Senses?

6. In the beginning of the chapter on sensation and

perception, Michael’s experience of feeling tastes as
touches in his face, hands, and shoulders is described.
Michael’s rare condition of synesthesia is primarily due to
unusual linkages in
a. sensations. c. perceptio
b. attention. d. interpreta

ANS: A DIF: Difficult
REF: 86
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

7. Transduction is the
a. conversion of environmental stimuli into a form that the nervous sy
b. process of converting a neural signal into a meaningful thought or i
c. integration of sensation and perception to create one meaningful re
d. process of interpreting the meaning of a stimulus based on its elem

REF: 85
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

8. If a person could hear colors, or see odors, the person

might have a rare condition called
a. Korsakoff’s disease. c. ALS.
b. biasphoria. d. synesthes

ANS: D DIF: Factual
REF: 86
Are Our Senses?

9. Psychophysicists study
a. the physical basis for mental illness.
b. the relationship between the mind and body.
c. how the mind interprets basic sensory stimuli.
d. how nature interacts with nurture to influence development.

ANS: C DIF: Difficult
REF: 87
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

10. A psychophysicist would be most interested in which

of the following research questions?
a. What are the causes of schizophrenia?
b. What makes the different notes of a musical piece sound different?
c. What happens in the brain while we are sleeping?
d. What stages of development best characterize childhood?

ANS: B DIF: Moderate
REF: 87
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

11. While participating in a psychological study you

listen to different tones and tell the researcher when you
can hear them. Most likely, the researcher is studying
a. subliminal perception. c. top-down
b. gustation. d. absolute t

ANS: D DIF: Moderate
REF: 87
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Applied
12. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Absolute thresholds vary according to the person and the situation.
b. The absolute threshold is the minimum change in stimulus intensity
c. The absolute threshold reflects both sensation and perception.
d. Absolute thresholds have been researched for all five senses.

ANS: B DIF: Difficult
REF: 87
Are Our Senses?

13. If you expect to hear a sound, you may have a better

ability to hear it. This would be an example of how ____
can change.
a. Weber’s law c. the absolu
b. the just noticeable difference d. the law of

REF: 87
Are Our Senses?

14. The absolute threshold is defined as the minimum
a. intensity of a stimulus to be detected 50% of the time.
b. intensity of a stimulus to be detected 100% of the time.
c. change in stimulus intensity to be detected 50% of the time.

d. change in stimulus intensity to be detected 100% of the time.

REF: 87
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

15. Signal detection studies allow researchers to
a. conduct research on the persuasive ability of subliminal messages.
b. show how the processes of sensation and perception are impossibl
c. obtain a true measure of sensory thresholds by eliminating respons
d. determine the maximum intensity necessary for a stimulus to be pe

REF: 88
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

16. Signal detection research would be most useful for

which of the following?
a. Air traffic controllers c. Dog traine
b. Accountants d. College p

REF: 88
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

17. Weber’s law
helps explain why Michael’s synesthesia caused him to feel tastes

a. tastes.
describes the process that sense organs follow when transducing e

b.
potentials.
c. suggests that subliminal messages will be effective in persuasion o

the absolute threshold.
helps psychologists predict the change in a stimulus that would be

d.
difference.

REF: 89
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

18. Weber’s law is most closely associated with
a. transduction. c. absolute t
b. just noticeable difference. d. sensory re

REF: 89
Are Our Senses?

19. The law that would explain how much louder a tone
would need to get before you would notice a difference is
called
a. the Young-Helmholtz law. c. Weber’s la
b. Occam’s law. d. frequency

REF: 89
Are Our Senses?

20. In the 1950s James Vicary reported that he had been

able to manipulate sales for popcorn and Coca-Cola by
flashing subliminal messages during the showing of a
movie in a public theatre. This report
a. turned out to be a hoax.
b. led to many studies that have since supported the idea that sublimi
c. was shown to be valid, but further research has not shown sublimin
and the entire concept of subliminal perception has never been the
d.
determine their validity.

REF: 89
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

21. Much research has shown that the Federal

Communications Commission ban on subliminal TV ads is
a. not needed.
b. needed because of the ads’ effect on children.
c. needed because of the ads’ effect on all who view them.
d. needed for beer ads but not for other types of advertising.

ANS: A DIF: Applied
REF: 90
Are Our Senses?
22. Which of the following is true regarding subliminal

perception?
a. Subliminal messages have never been shown to have any effect at
Subliminal messages are those that are intense enough to cross the
b.
awareness, but are disguised so that it takes much concentration t
c. Subliminal messages have been shown to exert powerful effects on
Subliminal messages have been shown to impact the behavior of th

d.
ways.

REF: 90
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

23. According to the textbook, a subliminal stimulus is

one that is
a. delivered under conditions of hypnosis.
b. consciously perceivable but only when appropriate amounts of atte
c. too weak to reach absolute threshold.
d. perceived but not sensed.

REF: 89
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

24. If you are exposed to a television advertisement

containing subliminal messages, the probability is very
high that
a. the advertisement will be more persuasive than one without the sub
b. you would feel strongly directed to purchase the product, even if yo
the advertisement would have no more effect on you than the same
c.
messages.
the advertisement would be retained in your unconscious memory l

d.
subliminal messages.

ANS: C DIF: Easy
REF: 90
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

25. Dr. Lau is doing an experiment in which he wishes to

determine the lowest concentration of salt that
customers will be able to taste in a new soup product. In
this experiment, Dr. Lau is interested in measuring the
customers’
a. top-down perceptual processing. c. absolute t
b. difference threshold. d. just notic

ANS: C DIF: Easy
REF: 87
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

26. The Zena perfume company wants to improve its top-

selling fragrance, Rosy, by making it smell even rosier.
They hire Dr. Franks to determine the minimum amount of
rose oil that it will have to add to the formula to ensure
that customers will be able to tell a difference in the
improved fragrance. The Zena company wants Dr. Franks
to find the customers’
a. absolute threshold. c. Weberian
b. difference threshold. d. transduct

REF: 89
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

27. Phillip was in the shower when he thought he heard

the phone ring. Much to his dismay, he jumped out of the
shower to find that the phone was not ringing. In signal
detection terms, Phillip experienced a
a. false alarm. c. correct re
b. miss. d. hit.

ANS: A DIF: Easy
REF: 88
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

28. Janna was at a wine-tasting party. While tasting a

wine, she thought she detected a hint of blackberry flavor
in the wine. She was pleased to find that she was correct:
the wine was indeed scented with blackberry. In signal
detection terms, Janna experienced a
b. miss. d. hit.

ANS: D DIF: Easy
REF: 88
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

29. Jorge is in the airport waiting for his ride to page him
over the intercom. Unfortunately, Jorge is speaking to
another person when the page comes over the speaker
and fails to hear it. In signal detection terms, Jorge
experienced a
b. miss. d. hit.

ANS: B DIF: Easy
REF: 88
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

30. Beth works in advertising. After studying a bit of

psychology, she decides to include subliminal messages
in some of her televised beer commercials. She plans to
flash messages that say “buy more beer” on the screen at
a rate that is too quick for the average person to
perceive. Based on what you know about perception, will
Beth’s plan work?
a. Yes, she can expect a large increase in beer sales from these comm
b. Yes, but only modest increases in sales will be seen.
c. Maybe, but any increase in sales is likely to be very small.
d. No way. This approach has absolutely no chance of working.

REF: 89-90
Are Our Senses?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

31. The wavelength of light determines its ____, and the

amplitude of light determines its ____.
a. shape; hue c. brightnes
b. hue; brightness d. brightnes

REF: 91 OBJ: How Do We See the
World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

32. Saturation of light is to ____ as amplitude of light is to
____.
a. brightness; color c. density; c
b. purity; hue d. purity; bri

ANS: D DIF: Difficult
World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

33. When painting your house, you end up choosing a

brighter color over another dim color. You can be sure
that the electromagnetic energy coming from the brighter
color is characterized by ____ than the light from the dim
color.
a. taller peaks c. shorter pe
b. a greater distance between peaks d. a smaller

World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

34. If you damaged your cornea, you may have difficulty
seeing
a. near objects, while distant objects would not be affected.
b. distant objects, while near objects would not be affected.
c. clearly.
d. colors.

World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

35. Both the lens and the cornea of the eye have a
primary function of
a. detecting colors. c. letting in
b. bending light. d. all of thes

ANS: B DIF: Easy
REF: 92-93 OBJ: How Do We See the World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

36. Just as the iris controls the size of the pupil, the ____
control the shape of the lens.
a. sclera c. vision stra
b. cornea d. ciliary mu

World?

37. When the lens of the eye is adjusted to focus on near

and far objects, this is called
a. transduction. c. assimilati
b. accommodation. d. closure.

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

38. Which of the following is false about light?
a. Light is electromagnetic energy.
b. Wavelength corresponds to the hue that we see.
c. Light that consists of a single wavelength is said to be highly satura
d. The color of light that we see is the color that is absorbed by the ob

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

39. If your friend is wearing a red shirt, you are able to

detect the shirt’s redness because
a. all other colors of light are being absorbed by the shirt.
b. the height of the lightwave coming from the shirt is shorter than all
c. the light coming from the shirt is low in saturation.
d. it is the only color of light that is absorbed by the shirt.

World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

40. Humans are able to sense
a. most of the range of electromagnetic energy.
b. only a very narrow band of electromagnetic energy.
c. all of the range of electromagnetic energy.
d. more of the range of electromagnetic energy than any other animal

ANS: B DIF: Easy
World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

41. Certain animals may be able to see you in the dark

better than you can see them because
a. animals have the unique ability called presbyopia.
b. their corneas allow in more light.
c. they can sense a wider range of the electromagnetic spectrum than
d. they are more likely to have a large number of cones.

ANS: C DIF: Easy
World?

42. You are working for a computer manufacturer where

you are trying to develop new monitors that can project a
wider range of colors. In working on this task, you need to
keep in mind that the visible spectrum of light for humans
is
a. 200nm-800nm. c. 360nm-75
b. 165nm-876nm. d. 360nm-87

World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

43. Herb, an artist who works with colored lights, likes

to work with saturated colors in his work. What does this
mean?
a. He uses muted colors of light.
b. He uses pure colors of light.
c. He uses colors of light that are formed by mixing different colors to

d. He uses very bright lights.

World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

44. Lena is studying the properties of light in a

laboratory. If she increases the amplitude of the
lightwaves she is studying, what effect will this have on
her perception of the light?
a. The light will be brighter.
b. The light will be dimmer.
c. The hue of the light will be more red-toned.
d. The hue of the light will be more blue-toned.

REF: 91
OBJ: How Do We See the World? 3-2 MSC: TYPE:
Applied

45. If Ira changes the wavelength of the light being
emitted by his computer screen, what effect will it have?
a. The light will be less bright. c. The light
b. The light will be brighter. d. The hue o

World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

46. Which of the following is not part of the sensation

process occurring in vision?
a. Cochlea c. Sclera
b. Retina d. Rods

ANS: A DIF: Easy
World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

47. Which of the following describes the correct

sequence of structures involved in vision?
a. Lens, cornea, sclera c. Retina, co
b. Cornea, rods, retina d. Cornea, le

ANS: D DIF: Easy
World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

48. Lightwaves entering the eye are bent by
a. the lens only. c. the corne
b. the cornea only. d. the corne

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

49. Contrary to humans, certain animals can see infrared

and/or ultraviolet rays because of their
a. sensitivity to a wider range of electromagnetic energy.
b. greater number of infrared and/or ultraviolet detectors.

c. ability to open their pupils wider to allow more incoming light.
d. increased number or cones.

World?

50. When your teacher explains the parts of the eye,

which part will she describe as not playing a role in the
processing of visual information?
a. Iris c. Sclera
b. Lens d. Cornea

World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

51. Which of the following is true regarding the retina?
Light passes through other layers of transparent cells before reachi

a. the retina where processing begins.
b. The retina consists only of rods and cones.
Light hits and is absorbed by the first layer of cells called ganglion,
c.
through other cells on the way to the rods and cones.
d. The retina consists of rods and cones, the basilar membrane, the sc

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

52. Transduction for vision occurs in the
a. rods and cones. c. cornea.
b. cochlea. d. pupil.

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

53. As information is passed from the rods and cones

through the horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion
cells on the way to the optic nerve,
a. the information is being consolidated into a summary of the origina
b. there are a greater numbers of cells at each successive level.
the information is passed on in the form of light, not being converte

c.
nerve.
d. all of these choices

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

54. Which of the following is not a type of cell that rods

and cones send visual information through on the way to
the optic nerve?
a. Bipolar c. Ganglion
b. Bicameral d. Horizonta

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

55. A laboratory study may help you to determine the
location of your visual blindspot, but you won’t notice it
outside of the laboratory, because
a. it is at the side of your visual field.
b. you have two eyes with each receiving a slightly different view of o
c. your brain tends to fill in the missing information.

World?

56. If your retina contained only rods, you would be

unable to
a. see. c. see shape
b. see color. d. see in brig

ANS: B DIF: Easy
World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

57. The human eye has about
a. the same number of rods and cones. c. 20 times m
b. five times more cones than rods. d. 100 times

World?

58. Rods are to the ____ of the retina as cones are to the
____ of the retina.
a. periphery; center c. center; pe
b. right side; the left side d. left side;

World?

59. Which of the following is false regarding rods?

a. They are more numerous than cones in the human eye.
b. They require more light than cones to be activated.
c. They are more densely concentrated in the periphery of the retina.
d. The process they follow to convert light into neural messages is sim

MSC: TYPE: Factual

60. Which of the following is true regarding cones?
a. They require less light than rods to be activated.
b. They are most densely concentrated in the periphery of the retina.
c. The process they follow to convert light into neural messages is dif
d. They are less numerous than rods in the human eye.

MSC: TYPE: Factual

61. It is the middle of the day and you are outside in the
bright sunlight. In order to give you the best possibility of
seeing the colors and detail of a large flower in your
garden, you should
a. look directly at it. c. look to th
b. look to the right side of it. d. close one

MSC: TYPE: Applied

62. The fovea
a. contains only rods.
b. is important for detecting form and shape.
c. is located in the center of the retina, directly behind the pupil.
d. contains an equal number of rods and cones.

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

63. Not being able to accurately detect the colors of

objects seen in your peripheral vision is best explained by
a. differences in the distribution of rods and cones in the retina.
b. difficulties in paying attention to items that are not in the center of
c. differences in the number of ganglion, amacrine, bipolar, and horizo
d. the smaller number of receptor cells in the periphery of the retina.


64. If you are trying to detect the expression on your

roommate’s face as you talk with her late at night with
the light turned off, it would probably be best to
a. close your eyes and imagine what her expression might be.
b. look at her out of the corner of your eye.
c. look directly at her.
d. close one eye and look directly at her.

MSC: TYPE: Applied

65. Jamal was preparing to clean his oven when he

accidentally sprayed himself in the eyes with oven
cleaner. The caustic chemical damaged the outside
covering of his eyes, also known as the
a. iris. c. cornea.
b. lens. d. sclera.

World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

66. Concha damaged her corneas in a car accident. What

effect will this injury most likely have on her vision?
a. Her vision will be unaffected. c. She may b
b. She may not be able to see clearly. d. She may b

ANS: B DIF: Easy
World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

67. Dr. Mondragon is performing eye surgery on a

patient. As Dr. Mondragon views the retina through the
patient’s pupil, what type of cells should he see first as he
views the retinal layers?
a. Ganglion cells c. Rod cells
b. Horizontal cells d. Cone cell

World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

68. Beata was born without cone cells in her retina.

What effect will this most likely have on her vision?
a. Her vision will be unaffected. c. She will b
b. She will be colorblind. d. She will b

ANS: B DIF: Easy
World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

69. If an object gradually comes from the periphery to

the center of your view, the reason why you would be able
detect the object before you knew its color is the greater
number of ____ of the retina.
a. opponent process cells in the periphery c. cones in t
b. rods in the center d. rods in th

MSC: TYPE: Applied

70. In rods and cones, transduction occurs when
a. chlorine floods into the cells.
b. light causes vibrations along the basilar membranes of the cells.

c. acetylcholine gets converted into epinephrine.
d. photopigments split apart.

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

71. When photopigments of the eye split apart,
a. color vision is lost. c. the perso
b. transduction is occurring. d. accommo

World?

72. In contrast to light adaptation, dark adaptation

involves
a. building up photopigments.
b. the process of splitting apart photopigments.

c. the activation of cones.
d. accommodation by the lens.

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

73. The best color vision is in the
a. area just outside of the center of the retina.
b. periphery of the retina.
c. fovea.
d. cochlea.

ANS: C DIF: Easy
MSC: TYPE: Factual

74. Adaptation to light
a. can be painful at times.

b. takes longer than adaptation to dark.
c. occurs when the cornea bends to allow less light.

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

75. If you have just walked into a dark movie theatre in

the middle of the day, you may not be able to determine
which seats are empty and which are full because it can
take a long time for ____ to occur.
a. light adaptation c. cone rege
b. dark adaptation d. rod regen

ANS: B DIF: Easy
World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

76. While you are posing for a picture, the camera’s flash
goes off and you feel a momentary sense of pain in your
eyes. This is most likely a result of
a. the sudden breakdown of large amounts of photopigments.
b. a relatively common example of synesthesia in which light is transd
c. a large increase in the speed of the action potentials being fired.
d. rods, cones, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells firing

World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

77. If the photopigment levels in your eyes are

excessively high, it is most likely a result of
a. not eating enough carrots.
b. being exposed to bright lights for a long time.
c. being in a dark room for a long time.
d. aging.

World?

78. Dark adaptation ____ than light adaptation.
a. creates more pain c. requires f
b. involves more breakdown of rhodopsin d. takes long

ANS: D DIF: Easy
World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

79. The primary colors of light are
a. red, green, and yellow. c. green, red
b. blue, yellow, and red. d. green, blu

ANS: C DIF: Easy
World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

80. When we see a color, it has been
a. reflected from the environment. c. reflected
b. absorbed in the environment. d. absorbed

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

81. When you look at the shirt your friend is wearing and
this causes more activity in your green and red cones
than in your blue cones, you are most likely to see the
shirt as being
a. blue. c. purple.
b. yellow. d. brown.

MSC: TYPE: Applied

82. Which of the following represents the correct

association between a color and wavelength?
a. Red – long c. Green – sh
b. Blue – medium d. Yellow – s

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

83. Which theory of color vision appears to explain

instances of color blindness best?
a. Frequency theory c. Trichroma
b. Volley theory d. Opponent

World?

84. The trichromatic theory states that
a. three different types of cones detect the three different primary col
b. humans really only perceive three different colors.

c. cells in the retina can send information to the brain about two color
d. the three major types of cells in our visual system are red/green, blu

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

85. The trichromatic theory has difficulty explaining
a. colorblindness. c. color mix
b. the ability to see yellow. d. negative a

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

86. The opponent-process theory states that
a. light is converted into neural impulses very differently depending up
b. cells in the visual system are sensitive to two colors of light, but no
c. there are three different types of receptor cells corresponding with

color is determined as different receptor cells compete with each o
d.
the brain.

World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

87. After staring at a particular color for a long period of

time and then looking at a white background, a negative
after image occurs because
the cones that were not used as much to sense the particular color
a. more readily to the white background.
b. the well-rested rods take over the task of sensation, thus distorting
the parts of the cells that continually responded to the color are wo
c.
readily to the white background.

World?

88. The opponent-process theory would predict that after
staring at a blue dot for 60 seconds, and then looking at a
blank white paper, you would report seeing a ____
afterimage.
a. green c. black
b. red d. yellow

World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

89. The opponent-process theory would predict that after

staring at a red dot for 60 seconds, and then looking at a
blank white paper, you would report seeing a ____
afterimage.
a. green c. black
b. red d. yellow

World?
MSC: TYPE: Applied

90. When all the primary colors of light are mixed, we
see
a. brown. c. grey.
b. black. d. white.

ANS: D DIF: Easy
World?
MSC: TYPE: Factual

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If face any problem or Further information contact us At tbzuiqe@gmail.com

1. Which of the following is true?

a. Perception involves transduction.

b. In the two-step process of perception and sensation, perception oc

c. In sensation, environmental energy is converted into action potenti

d. All of these choices

2. Of the following, which best explains the differences that

3. While our experiences don’t greatly influence the

a. sensation; perception c. transduct

b. perception; sensation d. action po

4. Transduction is a process associated most directly with

5. Which of the following is more directly associated with

a. Action potentials c. Interpreta

b. Transduction d. All of thes

6. In the beginning of the chapter on sensation and

a. conversion of environmental stimuli into a form that the nervous sy

b. process of converting a neural signal into a meaningful thought or i

c. integration of sensation and perception to create one meaningful re

d. process of interpreting the meaning of a stimulus based on its elem

8. If a person could hear colors, or see odors, the person

a. Korsakoff’s disease. c. ALS.

a. the physical basis for mental illness.

b. the relationship between the mind and body.

c. how the mind interprets basic sensory stimuli.

d. how nature interacts with nurture to influence development.

10. A psychophysicist would be most interested in which

a. What are the causes of schizophrenia?

b. What makes the different notes of a musical piece sound different?

c. What happens in the brain while we are sleeping?

d. What stages of development best characterize childhood?

11. While participating in a psychological study you

a. subliminal perception. c. top-down

12. Which of the following statements is false?

a. Absolute thresholds vary according to the person and the situation.

b. The absolute threshold is the minimum change in stimulus intensity

c. The absolute threshold reflects both sensation and perception.

d. Absolute thresholds have been researched for all five senses.

13. If you expect to hear a sound, you may have a better

a. Weber’s law c. the absolu

b. the just noticeable difference d. the law of

14. The absolute threshold is defined as the minimum

a. intensity of a stimulus to be detected 50% of the time.

b. intensity of a stimulus to be detected 100% of the time.

c. change in stimulus intensity to be detected 50% of the time.

15. Signal detection studies allow researchers to

a. conduct research on the persuasive ability of subliminal messages.

b. show how the processes of sensation and perception are impossibl

c. obtain a true measure of sensory thresholds by eliminating respons

d. determine the maximum intensity necessary for a stimulus to be pe

16. Signal detection research would be most useful for

17. Weber’s law

helps explain why Michael’s synesthesia caused him to feel tastes

describes the process that sense organs follow when transducing e

c. suggests that subliminal messages will be effective in persuasion o

helps psychologists predict the change in a stimulus that would be

18. Weber’s law is most closely associated with

b. just noticeable difference. d. sensory re

b. Occam’s law. d. frequency

20. In the 1950s James Vicary reported that he had been

a. turned out to be a hoax.