Anemia It is a disease due to loss of ozygen carrying capacity

Polycythemia vera It is a xondition where there is increased rbc count

reflecting increased circulating rbc mass and a condton
that leads to hyperviscocity
Coulter counters It is the first automated cell counter
Hematocrit It is the ratio of the volume of packed rbcs to the
volume of whole blood
WBCS, PLATELETS Buffy coat contains what 2? Making it excluded from
hct examination
Mcv Rbc indices that reflects rbc diameter on a wright
staained blood film
Mchc Rbc indiices tjat reflects the rbc staining intensity and
amount of central pallor
MCH Rbc indices that expresses the mass of hemoglobin and
parallels the MCHCH
Picrograms MCH is reported in ?
RDW A 4th rbc index that expresses the degree of variation in
rbc volume
Unequal size Anisocytosis is whhat
Different shapes Poikilocytosis is what?
Polychromatophilic erythrocytes/diffusely basophilic It is a cell that indiicates the ability of the bone marrow
eeythrocyte/reticulocyte to increase rbc production in aneemia due to blood loss
or excessive rbc destruction
True blood cells Platelers are what?
Plt ct, MPV, PT, PTT, TT, Fibrinogen assay, S dimer assay 7 high volume coag tests
Specimen accession It is the term for registering the specimen in the work
list
62% Minimum % alcohol of alcohol gels
70% isopeopyl alcohol Most. Common skin antiseptic for venipucnture
True The veins in the inner wrist should never be used due to
the high risk of injury to the tendons and nerves in the
area (true or false)
Below Blood should be drawn below the IV with thhe
torniquet also ___ the IV site
Bilirubin, beta carotene, vitamin A, porphyrins Blood sensitive subtances thhat false decrease when
exposed to light
Ammonia, lactic acid, PTH, Gastrin 4 substances that shoild be chilled and not frozen
Glucose (dec), potassoum (inc), LD (inc) 3 analaytes thar affected whene cell is not seperated
from the serum within 2 hrs
Parcentric It is the ability to center a cell in question in the
microscopic field and rotate from one magnification
poeer to another while retaining the cell cloee to the
center of the viewing field
Heterochromatin Two types of chromatin
Euchromatin
Heterochrommatin Type of chromatin that is more darkly stained,
condensed clumping patternm and transcriptionally
active area of the nucleus
Euchromatin Type cjromatin that is pale blue, diffuse, uncondensed,
open chromatin and TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE
Stromql cells Regulation of the hematopoietic microenviroment is
Growth factors provided by what?
Endothelial cells, adipocytes, macrophages, 7 types of stromal cells
lymphocytes? Osteoblasts, osteoclasts,
fibroblasts/reticular adventitial cell
G1 Period of cell growth and synthesis of compoentns
necessary for replication
S stage Stage where DNA replication takes place
G2 Stage where the tetraploid DNA is checked for proper
replication and damage
Mitosis / M stage Stage invovvles the division of chromosomes and
cytoplasm into two daughter cells
Interphase Term used for thr non mitosis stages or thr cell cycle
G1, S, G2 3 stages thst belong to itnerphase
Necroosis It is a pathologic process caused by direct external
injury to cells
Swellin of the cell First morphologic mabfiestation of necrosis
Apoptosis It is a self inflcted cell death originating from the
activation signals eithin the cell itslef
Shrinkage of the cell Morphologic manifestation of apoptosis
Extrinsic Activation of apoptosis occurs through whhat 2
Intrinsic pathways
Caspase Both pathways of apotosis involved the activation of
proteins called what
Extrinsic pathway/death receptor pathway Pathway of apoptosis that initiates with the binding of
ligand to a death receptor on the cell membrane
Intrinsic pathway Pathway of apoptosis that involves release of
cytochrome C from the mitochondria
Mesoblastic phase Phase of hematopoieissi where development is
intravascular
Hepatic phase Phase of hematopoisesis that begins at 5th to 7th week
and clusters of erythoblasts, granulocytes, and
monocytes cam be seen in the fetal liver, thumus,
spleen and placenta
Hepatic phase Phase of hematopoiesis where development occurs
extravascularly
Hgb f Predominant hgb at birth
6 months Hb A1 starts to be predominant at what month after
birth?
Red marrow Component of marrow that consist of the developing
blood cells and progenitors
Yellow marrow Component of marrow composed primarily of
adipocytes
Erythroid islands Erythropoiesis typically occurs in what part of thr
marrow?
Erythroid islands These are macrophages surrounded by erythoid
prefursors in various stages of development
Megakaryocytes It is a cell that adjacent to vascular sinus
Mature myeloid cells It is a cell that located deep within the cords and more
mature ones are close tonsinus
Kuppee cells 2 cells in yhe liver that remove sensecent cells and
Macrophages foreign debris from the blood that circulates through
the liver
Spleen Largest lymphoid organ in the body that funx as an
indoscriminate filter of the circulating blood
350ml How many ml of blood per minute passes through the
spleen
Hematopoietic stem cells It is a pluropotent structure that gives rise to
differentiated progeny and capable of self renewal
CMP, CLP 2 kinds of committed progenitor cells
CMP Kind of progenitor cell that differentiates into
insivodual granulocytic, erythrocytic, monocytic and
mmegakaryocytic lineages
CLP Kind of of progenitor cells that proliferates and
differentiates into T, B and natural killer lymphocyte
and dendritic lineages
1:1000 Ratio of HSC to nucleated blood cells
Kidneys, liver (minor) EPO is produced by what 2 organs?
BFU E Progenitor cell that has few EPO receptors
CFU- E Progenitor cell that has many EPO receptors
Liver TPO is principally peoduced by what organ?
RBC It is the cell responsible for trasnporting nitric oxide and
buffering ph
1 week It takes how long for BFU-E to mature to CFU-E
1 week It takes how long for CFU-E to mature to precursor cell
6-7 days It takes how many days for the precursors to bevome
mature rbc
Pronormoblast Earliest morphologically recgonizable erythrocyte
precursor
Decreases As the RBC mature NC ratio ______
Decreases As the rbc matures. Its overall diamter ____
Condensed As the rbc mature. Nculear chromatin pattern becomes
____
Disappear As the rbc mature the nucleoi ____
Basophilia As the rbc mature the cytoplasm loses its ___
1-2 Nucleoli of pronormoblast
Pronormoblasys Stage of erythropoiesis where the glovin productuon
begins
Basophilic normoblast Stage of erythropoieissj where the nuceloli present
early and disappear later
Polychromatic normoblast First stage in which pink color associated with hgb can
be seen
Polychromatic normoblast Last stage of rbc that capable of mitosis
Ortichromic normoblast Stage of rbc wjere the nucleusbis extruded
Pyrenocytes It is an enveloped extruded nucleus cell in the BM that
is englufed by BM maxrophages
1 day Reticulocytes resides in the BM for how longg? And
1day thhe moves into the peripheral bloo for about how
long? Before reaching maturity
Reticulocyte Last stage of hgb production
6-8um Size of rbc
Rythron It is the name given to thebcollection og all
erythrocytes throughout yhe body
Rbc mass Refers only to theecells in circulation
1% Approx hownmany % of rbcs normally diea each day
Erythropoietin It is the prrimary oxygen sensing system of the body
thatt is located in periturbular fibroblasts of the kidney
Hypoxia It iis the condition that increases EPO production in
peritubular cells mainly by TRANSCRIPTIONAL
REGULATION
True hormones Refers to the hormones that produced at one location
and acting at a distant location and it is a growth factor
as well
Apoptosis Major way in which EPO increases rbc mass
Chemiluminiscencr EPO canbe measured by what?
Anemia Increased amounts of EPO in the urine are expected in
most patients with ___
Directly Testosterone ____ stimulates erythropoiesis
Indirectly Thuroid and pituitary jromones ____ stimulates
erythropoieisis
Macrophage Major cellular anchor for the rbc
Fibronectin Rbc are anchored to the extracelullar mateix of the
bone marrow chiefly by what?
Macrophages / extravascular hemolysis It isbthe major way in which rbcs dise normally?
Intravascular hemolysis Type of henolysis that due to vascular sustem that is
traumatic for rbcs resulting to fragmentation
Haptoglobin, hemopexxin 2 proteins used to salvage the released hemoglobin so
that its iron is not lost in the urine
EMP, HMP, MRP, RLP 4 major pathways of erythrocytes
EMP Pathway of rbc that use glucose to generate ATPB
EMP It is an anerobic glycolysis pathway of rbc where the
energy is used to maintain rbc structure
2 How many net gain of ATP molecules produced by Emp
HMP It is an aerobic or oxidative glycolysis pathway that
detoxifies peroxide and other oxygen byproducts to
protect the cell
HMP Pathway of rbc that diverts glucose 6 phosphate to
ribulose 5 phosphate through G6PD
NADPH It is the one produced in HMP to reduce gluthatione
5-10% How many % of gluvose is diverted to the HMP
Cytochrome B5 reductase HMP is aaka what
MRP It is the pathway where Mechanism is to reduce ferric
iron back to ferrous iron
Methemoglobin Eebofbhemoglobin that is a conbiantion of hgb with.
Ferric ion
Rapoport leubering pathway Pathway of rbc that produces 2-3 DPG
2,3 DPG Is the one that regulates oxyfen delivery to tissues by
competing with O2 fornthe oxygen bindign site of hgb
True True oor false. Rbc has the property of deformability
True Rbc deformability depends not only on rbc geometry
but also on relatige cytopasmic viscocity. True or false
Internal viscocity As MCHC rises this is also rises?
Constant The ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids should be
_____
Phosphatidylcholine and spingomyelin Oute layer of rbc (2 composition)
Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine Inner layer of rbc (2 composition)
Glycocalyx It is the layer of carbohydrates whose net negativ
echarge prevents microbial attack and protects the rbc
from emchanical damage caused by adhesion to
neighboring rbcs or to the endothelium
Transmebrane (integral), cytoskeletal (peripheral) 2 types of rbc proteins
Blood geoup antigens, ankyrin or protein 4.1, aquaporin 3 examples of transmembrane proteins
1
Spectrin Most abundant cytoskeltal or peripheral protein
Na , K, Ca Rbc membbrane is impermeable to what 3 cations?
Water, HCO3, CL Rbc membrane is permeable to what 3? Which freely
exchange between plasma and rbc cytoplasm
Hemoglobin It is the susbtance that compromise approx 95% of the
cytoplasmic cotnent of rbc
2 polypeptides Hgb contain how many pairs of two different
4 heme groups polypeptides? And how many hem groups?
4 Hgn carry up to how many molecules of oxygen?
Glycated Small percentage of hgb A is what
Hgb A1c 4-6% of hbA circulates in the form of what
Cytoplasm and mitochondria Heme biosynthesis occurs in the what 2?
Tranaferrin It is a plasma proteij that carries iron in the ferric form
to developing erythroid cells
True True or false. A and b chains are produced in equal
amounts
A chain It is the chain of hgb that has the highest affinitnfor b
chain due to its negative charge
Hgb F It is the hgb that compromise 1-2% of the total body
hgb but only in some cells
Hgb A It is the predominant hgb at 6 months of age
Hgb A2 and HgbF Small amount so what 2 hgb present at 6 motnhs of age
A2b2 Hgb A1 chain compoent
A2D2 Hgb A2 chain compoent
Glycine He key rate limiting step in heme syntehsis is the initial
Succinyl coa reaction. Of ___ and ___ to form ___ catalyzed by ALA
ALA synthase
P50 Amoutn of oxygen needed tonsaturate 50% of hgb is
called what
True Theree is low hgb affinity for o2 at low o2 tension and
high affinity for o2 at high o2 tension(true or false)
Bohr effect A shify in the cirve due to a chabge in ph (or hydrogen
ion concentration) is termed as what
Myoglobin It is the one that binds oxygen with greater affinity than
hgb
Hgb F It is the hgb that causes a left shift due to increased
oxygen affinity
Methemoglobin, carboxy hgb and sulfhemoglobin 3 types of dyshemoglobins
Methemoglobin It is a an hemoglobin with ferric ion and cannot bind O2
<25% Methemoglovin level that is asymptomatic
30% Methemoglovin level that causes cyanossis and hypoxia
>50% Methemogobin value that causes coma and death
Intravenous methylyne blue It is the one administered for methemoglobin
630nm Absorption peak of methemoglobin
Carboxyhgb It is the dyshgb yhat has combinatikn of carbon
monoxide with heme iron
Carboxyhgb It is an hgb that has 240x greayer affinity than oxygen
Carboxyhgb It is a dyshgb that is termed as silent killer becauee it is
odorless and cllorless and victims quickly befom3
hypoxic
540nm Peak of carboxyhgb
20-30% Toxic effects of carboxy jgb appear at what
cocentration
>40% Value of carboxyhgb yhhat causes coma
>3% NON SOMOKERS Carbon monoxide is diagnosed if non smokers has what
>10% smokers value? And smores has what value?
Sulfhgb It is a dyshgb that is irreversible and formed by addition
of sulfur atom
630nm Peak of sulfhgb
Cyanmethemoglobin Reference method for hgb assay
540mm Absorbtion peak of cyanmethemoglobin
Sodium laryl sulfate Many isntruments now used this to convert
hemoglobin to SLS methemoglpbin
65% How many % of iron found in the hemoglobin
25% How many iron is in storage within the macrophages
and hepatocytes
10% How many % of iron found in the muscles, plasma and
enzymes
Functional conpartment 3 typed of compartments of the iron
Storage comtment
Transport compartment
Funcyional compartment Type of compartment of iron where all iron functioning
within cells
Hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes 3 examples of functional compartment
Storage compartments Type of comparmtent where iron is nnot currently
functioning but available when needed
Macrophages, hepatocytes 2 cells that can functio. As storage compartment of iron
Transport compartment Type of compartment that transit in the plasma
Absorption The tootal amoitn of iron availavle to all body cells,
systemic body iron, is regulated by what?
Ferroportin It is the only known protein that exports iron across cell
membranes
Hepcidin It is the oneused to regulate absorption by ianctivating
ferroportin
Ferrous form Iron must be in what form to be absorb by enterocytes
Apotransferrin/2 iron It is the one that carries iron to the plasma and can
binds how many iron?
Apoferritib Ferric iron is stored in a cage lime protein called what
4000 irron molecules Apoferritin can bind how many iron molecules?
1-2 mg Though 10-20 mg/day of iron is needed by thenbody.
Obly how manu amount of iron is absorbed?
Serum iron , TIBC, % Transdeeein saturion 4 routine tests for iron
Prussian blue staining
Colorimericallly Serum iron is measured how ?
Serum iron Test fooriron where iron is rrleased from transferrin
using an acid thrn allowed to react with the reagent
Fssting Patient shoulf br what for serum iron and is collected
early morning
TIBC It is an indirect measure of transferrin
True True orr false. A convinient rule of thumb evifent from
the table is that about one third of transferrin is
typically daturated with iron
Prussian blue staining
Potassium ferricyanide
Prusian blue
Ferritin
Hemosdierin
Macrophages, enterocyte
Ferritin levels
Immunoassay
Iron deficiency
Thoma plot
Zinc protoporphyrin
Anemia
Anemia
Bloood, muscle, heart
Sudden loss of Blood volume
Sudden losss of blood volime
Onic bloddd loss
Chronic blood bloss
Ineffective erythropoiesis
Insuufficient erythropoiesis
Blodd loss and hemolysis
Ineffective erythropoieisis
Insufficient erythropoieiss
Cbc
Mcv
Reticulocyte count
Rpi
Increase
It is the gold standard for asessment of iron
Prussian blue staining uses what? As ghe reagent^stain
Is a staain that produces dsrk blue dots in tisue
It is the one that not detected by prussian blue stain
Prusssian blue is a stain for what
Ferritin is secreted by what 2 ?
It is the good measure of stored iron and an acute
phase reactant
Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is detect with whar?
Increased TfR is caused by what?
Hemoglobin conc of reticd and dtfr/log ferritin levels
are plotted where?
It id the one that accumulates in red blood vellls when
iron is not incorporated into jeme and zinc instead to
protoporphyrin IX
It is a condition due to decreased in the oxygen carrying
capacity of the blood
It is a condition that can arsie if there isninsufficient
hemoglobin or the hgb has impaird function
In severe anemia, blood is preferentially shunted to
organs that are key to survival, including what 3 ?
Anemia that causes increase heart rate, respiratory rate
and csrdiac output
Anemia that causes redistribution of blood flow from
skin and viscera toheart, brain and muscle
Anemia that causes decrease in hgh oxygennaffinity by
increasing the puction of 2-3 Bisphosphoglycerate
(BPG)
Anemia that causes increase EPO production by the
kidneys
3 mechanisms of amemia
Mechanism of anemia that due to production of
erythroid precursor cells that are defective
Mechanism of anemia due to decrease in the number
of erythroid precursors in the BM, resulting in
decreased rbc production and anmeia
It is the routine test to diagnose anemia
It is the most impoetant indices for anemia
It is the test that serves as an improtant tool to assess
the bone marrows abikity to increase rbc production in
response to anemia
Itt is abbetter indication of the rate of rbc production
than the corrected reticulocyte count
Retic resutlf or avute blood loss
Decrease Retic result of chronic blood loss
IRF It iisa test helpful in assessing early bone marrow
response after treatment for anemia
Peripheral blood gilm It is a manual emthod that serves as a qc to verify the
results produced by automated analyxers
Oval macrocyte It is a large oval rbc that associated with megaloblastic
anemia
Sickle cell/depranocyte It is a thin dnese, elongated rbc pointed at each end
Hgb C crystal It is a hgb with a hexagonal crustal of eense hgb
Hgb SC crystal It is a finngerlinek or quarts like ctystal hgb
Target cells/codoycytes/leptocyte It is an rbc with hgb concentrated in crnter amd
periphery
IDA/Thalassemia Target cells cam be seen in what 2?
Schistocytes Helmet cell is looks like what
Keratocytes Helmet cell is aka what
Folded cell It is a cell where its membrane is folded over
Hgb C/SC Folded cell can be seen in what 2 hgb?
Acanthicyte It iis an rbc with irregularly spaced projectione
Acanthocyte It is a poikilocyte seen in severe liver disease
Acanthocyte It is a poikilocyte yhat seen in abetaliporpoteinemia and
mcleod syndrome
Spur cell Acanthocyte is aka what
Burr cell It is an rbc with blunred short projections that are evnly
spaced
Burr cell It is a crenated rbc yhat csn be an artifactual
Echinicyted Burr cell is aka what
Myelofebrosis Teardrop cell/dacrocytes can be seen in what 3?
Myelopthisic anemia
Pernicious anemia
True Diffuse basophilia is rna and found in retivulocytes.
(True or false)
Basophilic stipplings It is an precipated rna that can be seen in hgbpathies
DNA Howel jolly bodies structure
Heinx bodies It is an ebc inclusion that due to denatured hgb
Pappenheimer bodies It is an rbc inclusion composed of iron that can be seen
in sideroblastic anemia
Mitotic spindle Structure of cabot rings
B globin chains Composion of hgb H
BM examination It is the one thst idnciated for a patient with an
unexplained anemia associated with or without other
cytopenias, fever or unknown origin or suspectrf
hematologic malignancy
Mcv It is an extremenly important tool and id keu in the
morphologic clasification of anemia
Micro hypo Hgb H dsee is what type of anemia
Megaloblastic anemia Examplles of macorcytic anemia
Alcoholism
Liver diseae
Rdw It is a lab test thatt can help determine the cause of an
anemia when used in conjiction with the mcv
Cbc, retic count, pbs 3 intial lab test for anemia
Stage 1 Staage of IDA that is latent or sublinciaal thst idnciates
gerritin is low and asymptomatic
Stage 2 Stage of IDA where storage is exhausted and hgb of
retics begin to decrease
Stage 3 Stage of IDA classified as frank anemia and
characteristed by gloossitis, koilonychia and pica
Trichuris tirchuria, schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma Aside from hookworm. Thiis 3 parasites also causes iron
haematobium deficiency
>15% An RDW greater than this value is expected and may
precede the decrease in hgb
Iron studies It is the backbone for diagnsois of iron defincirncy
Serum iron, TIBC, ttansferrin saturation, serum ferritin 4 iron studies that used for IDA dx
2 days During txt. Reticulocyte hgb content will correct within
how many. Days?
5-10 days During txt. Reticulocyte beings to increase within ?
2- 3 weeks During txt. The anticipated rise of hgb appears begins
how many weeks?
Transferrin Iron is indirectlly proportional to what?
Decreases Transferrin resultnif there isbinfection
Anemia of chronic inflammation In this type of anmeia. There is impaired mobilizarion
Sideropenia Central feature of anemia of chronic inflammation
Hepcidin During inflammation. The liver increases the syntheeis
of what?
Hepcidin It is an nom specific defense against invading bacteria
during inflammation
Lactoferrin It is an iron binding protein in the granules
ofnenutrophilis
Transferrin Lactoferrin avidiy for iron isngreater than what?
Sideroblastic anemia Itbiss an anemia that prevents production of
protoporphyrin or incorporation of iron into it
Prussian bluenstain Stain can be diagnosed sideroblastic ameia
Ring sideroblaats Hallmark of sideroblaatic anemias
Lead poisoning In thisncondition peripheral neuropathy cam be seen
Lead It is a susbtance that interfers porphyrin synthesis via
conversion of ALA to PBG by ALA dehydratase leading
to accumulation of ALA
Heme synthase Ferrochelatase is aka what
Prophyria It is an hereditary condition that impair production of
protoporphyrin and photsensitivty is the greatedt
problem
Ferritin Bodys first reaction is tonstore excess iron in the form
of what?
Hemosiderin It is an abnromal iron storage form that can lead to
hemochromatosis
Bronze diabetes Iron overload is aka what ?
Megaloblastic anmeia It is an anemia affecting the dna metabolism
5- methyl THF Folate circulates in the blood predominantly as what
Folate deficiency, vit b12 def 2 typess of megaloblastic anemiias
Folate def Type of megaloblastic anemiia that has more direct
effect
Vit n12 def Type of megaloblastic anemia that has more indirect
effect that prevents production of THF from 5-methyl
THF
Folate When vit b122 is deficient. It is the one that more anore
produced and befime trapped as 5-methyl THF
Nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony The slower maturation rate of the nucleus compared
with the cytoplasm is calle dwhat
Dysplastic erythroid cells, CDA type 1 and 3, FBA M6 3 other causes of emgaloblastic anemia
Type 1 Type of CDA that has internuclear chromatn bridging of
erythroid cells or binucleate dforms are observed
Type 3 Type of CDA that has presence of giant multinucleated
erythroblasts
Imapried use of drugs (chemo) 2 other causes of folate and vit b12 def
Excessive loss (dialysis)
Pernicious anemia, H. Pylori infection, lack of intrinsic 6 causes of vit b12 def
factors, gastrectomy, d latum, achlorhydria
CBC, retic ct, WBC manual diff ct, serum bolorubin, LD 5 tests uused to screen megaloblastic aneemias
Oval macrocytes In vit b12 ded. There is presence of what ?
Decreased Retic ct result of vit b12 def. There is no polychromasia
and has pancytopenia
Hypersegmented neutrophils Present in wbc differential of megaloblastic anemia
Increaaed Bilirubin and LD result of megaloblastic anemia
Deceeased Vitamin Levels, hypersegmentation, oval 6 sequence of development of megaloblastic ameia
macrocytes, megaloblasrosis in BM, anemia
Immunoassays Folate and b12 levels can be measured using what?
Chemiluminscence B12 can also measure via what
Deoxyuridine suppresion test, stool analysis of 2 other tests for meglaoblastic anemia
paraaites
1 week After txt. During thiis week reticulocyte response is
substantial
2 weeks After txt. Dueing this week hypersegmentation
disappears
3 weeke After txt. During this week. Hgb increaaes towards
normla
Non megaloblastic It isna type of amcrocytin anemia where the dna
synthesis is not impaired
Non megaloblasric anemias Type of macrocytic anemia that has no
hypersegmentation of enutrophils, no oval macrocytes
and no megaloblasts in the BM
Newborns, retiiculocytopenia, liver dse, Chronic 5 causes of non megaloblastic anemia
alcoholism, BM failure
BM failure amemias It is a condition where there is reduction or cessation of
bloood cells prpduction affecting one or more cell lines
Acquired PNH, autoimmune dsieases and pregnancynis what
type of aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia 3 types of inherited aplastic anemia
Dyskeratosiis congenita
Swachman bodian diamond syndrome
Erythropoietin In apllastic anemia. There is elevated elvels of wjat 3 ?
Thrombopoeitin
CSF
Normo normo Type of anemai present in aplastic amemia
Aplastic anemia Type of anemia characterized by hypocellula rbone
marrow and can undergo biopsy
Inc Ironr esult of aplastic anemia
Monosomy 7 2 most common cytogenetic abnormalities of aplastic
Trisomy 8 anemia
Fanconi anemia It is a chromsomal instability disorder cahracterized by
cancer susceptibikity
Chromosme breakage analysis Diagnostic test for fanconi anemia
Dyskeratosis congenita Type of aplastic anemia charwcterized by
mucocutaneous abnormalitied
Dyskeratosis cingenita Type of aplastic anemia characterized hy abnormal skin
penetration, dystrophic nails and oral leukoplakia
Shwachman bodian diamond sydnrome Type of aplastic anemia characterized by pancreatic
insuffciebcy and predisposition for hematologic
malignancies
Pure red cell aplasia Type of aplastic anemia characterized by selective and
severe decrease in erythrocyte precursors
Pure red cell aplasia Tyoe of aplastic anemia charwcterized by severe
anemia and reticulocytopenia wirh normal wbcs and
platelets
Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC) 1 ex or acquired pure red cell aplasia
Diamond blackfan anemia 1 ex of congenital pure red cell aplasia
True True or false. CDA has hypercellular BM but ineffective
erythropoeisis
3 How many types of CDA we have
CDA 1 Type or CDA that hae spongy heterochromatin wirh
swiss cheese app.
CDA 2 Most common subtype of CDA
HEMPAS 1 ex of CDA 2
Sucrose hemolysis test HEMPAS/CDA 2 is negative to what test
Cda 3 Least common CDA wheree BM has megaloblasric
changee. And has characterisric feature of Guant
erythroblaats with up to 12 nuclei
Myelophtisic anemia Type of aplastic anemia that has infiltration of
abnormal cells into bone marrow and subsequent
destruction and replacement of normal hematopoetic
cells
Tear drop eeythrocytes 2 charwctersircs of pxts with myelopthisic anemia
Hypercellular BM
Anemia of chronic kidney disease It is condition thwt has complication of renal dse and
inadequate renal erythropoetin
Uremia It is the one thqt inhibits erythropoieiss and increases
rbc fragiliry
Burr cells Anemai of chronic kidney disease poikilocyte
Thalassemia It is a conndition caused by genetic mutations that
reduce or prevent the synthesis of one or more of the
globin chains of the hgb tetramer
Anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, mongolid faces 3 features present in thalassemia
Thalassemias It is a condition thwt has high incidence in
mediterranean descent
True True oe false. In thalassemia. There is imbalance of a/b
chain ratios
Thalassemia minor (heterozygous thalassemia) Type of thalassenia that imparts resistanfe to malaria