study of living things • Biologist – the person who studies Biology • Aristotle – Greek philosopher; first who classified living things as to air, land, or water dwellers; Father of Biology • Galen – Greek physician; first to dissect apes and pigs; Father of Anatomy • Andreas Vesalius – made the first dissection on human anatomy; discovered Comparative Anatomy William Harvey – showed conclusively that the heart pumps blood and the blood circulates • Marcello Malphigi – Italian physician & anatomist, founder of microscopic anatomy • Anton Van Leeuwenhoek first to use microscope; discovered microorganisms such as protozoans called animalcules • Charles Darwin – wrote the book On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection 2 Major Divisions of Biology • Botany – the study of PLANTS • Zoology – the study of ANIMALS Study of trees and their Dendrology history Study of fungi and some Mycology association with plants Study of fossil plants Paleonbotany Study of diseases of Phytopathology plants Study the principles of Agriculture botany in growing food plants Study of cultivating fruits Pomology Arachnology Study of single class of invertebrate (scorpions, spiders, etc.) Conchology Study of mollusks
Embryology Study of the development of
animal forms Entomology Study of insects
Herpetology Study of reptiles
Mammalogy Study of mammals
Ornithology Study of birds
Ichthyology Study of fishes
• Anatomy – the study of structures of entire organisms and their parts • Physiology – the study of how the body and its parts work Ecology – study of how organisms interact with their environment & with other organisms • Parasitology – the study of the organisms that live in or on other organisms that caused diseases • Taxonomy – the study of the classification & evolutionary interrelationships among organisms • Embryology – study of the development & growth of organisms • Cytology – the study of the structures & functions of cells • Microbiology – the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoans, and viruses • Paleontology – the study of fossils, the preserved remains and traces of organisms from the past • Genetics – the study of how traits are inherited & passed on one generation to the next • Morphology – the study of gross structures & forms of organisms • Histology – study of tissues