Disease name Definition Etiology Clinical signs Treatment

MEASLES *acute, contagious, ,
(RUBEOLA) primarily
*affecting children
*transmitted by air water
droplet vectors
*clinical prodrome occurs
(2-week clinical about 10 to 14 days after
course) exposure.
Paramyxovirus (V) * Oral lesions called Koplik *test : The most
spots commonly used tests
* flat, erythematous macules are
with tiny white “salt crystal” immunofluorescent
centers antibody and
* seen on the conjunctiva. complement fixation
* skin rash by 1 or 2 days. tests
• high fever (in the range
of 104 to 105°F) *isolation, rest, hydration,
• with nasal stuffiness, analgesics, and antipyretics
• sneezing,
sore throat * Vitamin A

VARICELLA * acute, ubiquitous,
(CHICKENPOX) extremely contagious
occurs in children
* characterized
by vesicular rash.
*most common in
the winter and spring
(10 to 21 days * transmitted by water
course) droplet
* HIV infected patients
are at high-risk
* varicella zoster *Painful red pustules and hydration, analgesics,
virus (VZV) - vesicles develop on the trunk antipyretics
herpes virus and facial skin *isolation
*vesicles quickly rupture and • Antiviral pills
form crusting lesions . • Antiseptic
*The oral mucosa may also solutions
show lesions. • Pain killers
*The lesions are both pruritic • Oral hygiene
and painful
*compains :
Fever , chills , headache.
* in adults : Varicella virus does
cross the placenta and may
cause fetal malformation

DIPHTHERIA *acute, life-threatening, *Corynebacteriu * hoarseness of voice, Horse serum antitoxin

infectious and m diphtheria *respiratory stridor and
communicable disease of dyspnea causing death in
skin and mucous (bacteria) young children
membrane • fever,
* air-water • pain,
droplets from infected • Malaise
patients • cervical
* The incubation period lymphadenopathy
after contact is 2 to 7 days • extensive weakness.

RUBELLA *usual in child or young Rubella virus *fever, * The patient requires
(GERMAN adult *mild malaise, no specific therapy
MEASLES) * intensity of symptoms *cervical lymphadenitis * hydration,
 less than measles *The face will develop reddish antipyretics,
maculopapular rash analgesics, and rest is
* palate and throat will recommended.
develop an erythema
* be no true Koplik spots
* rash begins on the face,
progressing down the trunk
and upper extremities in 1 or
2 days
* It will fade from each area
after 24 to 36 hours

SCARLET FEVER highly contagious * beta hemolytic * sudden onset of fever and
systemic infection streptococci, sore throat
occurring predominantly streptococci * red macular skin rash will
in children pyogens develop, starting on the chest
* Transmission is via air- and spreading outward
water droplet (bacteria) * rash lasts 4 to 5 days
* pale face
* tongue develops a white
coat
* Strawberry tongue
*the white coating on the
tongue is lost, leaving a
swollen, irregular, beefy
tongue (Raspberry tongue
*headaches,
malaise,
irritability and nausea

Stomatitis congested petechiae * Oral potassium

Scarlatina scattered on mucosa penicillin V, 500 mg
especially soft palate and four times daily for 10
throat days
* fiery red color *penicillin allergic
patients, oral
* Tonsil and faucial
erythromycin, 500 mg
pillars are swollen and
four times daily or 40
covered with grayish mg/kg per day for 10
exudate days, is recommended.