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Precise Industrial 3D Metrology

0000000895_007_EN_19-08-2019

GOM Inspect Introduction Seminar


GOM Software 2019

Inspection
Legal Notes

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any


means or used to make any derivative work (such as translations, transfor‐
mations or adaptations) without the prior written permission of GOM.
GOM reserves the right to revise this publication and change contents
from time to time without obligation on the part of GOM to provide noti‐
fication of such revision or change.
GOM provides this manual without warranty of any kind, either implied or
expressed, including, but not limited, to the implied warranties of mer‐
chantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
GOM may improve or change the manual and/or the product(s) described
herein at any time.
Copyright © 2019
GOM GmbH
Schmitzstr. 2
38122 Braunschweig
Germany
www.gom.com
Tel.: +49 (0) 531 390 29 0
Fax: +49 (0) 531 390 29 15
Email: info@gom.com
All rights reserved

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Table of Contents
Legal Notes.............................................. ......2 3.12.1 Construct Auto Cylinder (Nominal)...... 37
3.12.2 Construct Auto Plane (Nominal)........ ... 38
1 Notes......................................................... ......5
3.12.3 Assign a Measuring Principle.............. ... 39
1.1 Standard Signal Words......................... ......5
3.12.4 Construct Intersection Points................. 40
1.2 Safety and Health Hazard Notes........ ......5
3.12.5 Construct 2-Point Distance.................. ... 42
1.3 Target Group........................................... ......5
3.12.6 Check Distance........................................... 44
2 Scope of Functions.......................................6 3.13 Check Diameter...................................... ... 45
3 Inspection.......................................................8 3.14 Check Parallelism....................................... 46
3.1 Introduction...................................................8 3.15 Section Inspection..................................... 48
3.2 Import Data............................................. ......9 3.15.1 Create Section......................................... ... 49
3.3 Use Prealignment...................................... 13 3.15.2 Measuring Principle: Actual Section. ... 49
3.4 Create Surface Comparison.................... 14 3.15.3 Measuring Principle: Referenced
3.5 Legend...................................................... ... 17 Construction............................................ ... 50
3.6 Create Deviation Labels........................... 18 3.15.4 Comparison of the Measuring Prin‐
3.7 Creating an Inspection Section.......... ... 19 ciples............................................................. 50
3.7.1 Create Equidistant Deviation Labels. ... 20 3.15.5 Create Circle From Section...................... 51
3.8 Elements in 3D View................................. 21 3.15.6 Check Diameter...................................... ... 54
3.9 Clipping at Element Plane and PIP.... ... 21 3.16 Measuring Principle: Projected Off‐
3.9.1 PIP - Picture in Picture............................... 21 set Section................................................... 54
3.9.2 Clipping at Element Planes..................... 22 3.16.1 Menu Elements.......................................... 54
3.10 Measuring Principles, I-Inspect and 3.16.2 Example for a Complex Sequence of
Skins.............................................................. 26 Functions.................................................. ... 55
3.10.1 Measuring Principles............................. ... 26 3.16.3 Check Diameter...................................... ... 61
3.10.2 I-Inspect ................................................... ... 27 3.17 Check Material Thickness........................ 62
3.10.3 Skins.............................................................. 30 3.17.1 Create Material Thickness....................... 63
3.11 Measure Direct Distance on Nomi‐ 3.17.2 Assign a Measuring Principle.............. ... 64
nal.................................................................. 30 3.17.3 Create Material Thickness Compari‐
3.11.1 Construct Outer Disc Caliper.................. 31 son On Actual............................................. 65
3.11.2 Assign a Measuring Principle.............. ... 33 3.17.4 Check Material Thickness at a Point..... 66
3.11.3 Check Nominal Distance...................... ... 35 3.18 Document the Result............................ ... 67
3.11.4 Pull-Out Measures..................................... 35 3.19 Save Project................................................. 67
3.12 Check Distance Between Cylinders... ... 36 3.19.1 Export Report Pages.............................. ... 67

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1 Notes
1.1 Standard Signal Words
In this publication the following standard signal words can be used:

DANGER
▶ The label points to an imminent danger. The situation can lead to seri‐
ous bodily harm or death!

WARNING
▶ The label points to a dangerous situation. The situation can lead to
serious bodily harm or death!

CAUTION
▶ The label points to a dangerous situation. The situation can lead to
light bodily harm!

NOTICE
▶ The label points to a situation which can lead to material damages.
The damages can result on the product or in the vicinity of the prod‐
uct!

Info
The label indicates important application notes and useful information.

1.2 Safety and Health Hazard Notes


WARNING
Disregarding the safety and health hazard notes can cause accidents and
damage to the device.
▶ Observe the safety and health hazard notes in the sensor-specific user
information!

1.3 Target Group


Users who do not have any or only few experiences with the software-
based evaluation of digitized measuring objects.

Prerequisites for a successful transfer of knowledge:


• Basic knowledge when dealing with a PC system
• Basic knowledge when dealing with windows-oriented software
• Ability to visualize in 3D
• Color vision ability

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2 Scope of Functions

Licenses in Compari‐
son

Import/Export of
measuring data (ASCII,
STL, PSL, PLY)

Mesh processing (laser


scanner, CT, white light
scanner)

CAD import basic for‐


mats (IGES, STEP,
PLY, ...)

CAD import native for‐


mats (CATIA, UG,
Pro/E)

CAD import with STEP


semantic
PMI/FTA/MBD data

Inspection (alignments,
nominal-actual com‐
parisons, local coordi‐
nate systems, GD&T,
curves, airfoils, ...)

Reporting

Traceability

Script engine

Parametric inspection
(Teaching by Doing)

Customization with
templates (project
templates, user-
defined inspection
principles / checks /
surface defect classifi‐
cation, ...)

Timeline: Creation of
3D data stages
(meshes/point clouds)

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Scope of Functions

Licenses in Compari‐
son

Digital assembly (add‐


ing a new part)

Virtual measuring
room (additional mod‐
ule)

Virtual Clamping (addi‐


tional module)

Flexible solution for


network licenses

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3 Inspection
3.1 Introduction
In this unit, you learn a general workflow for inspection.
The workflow is typical for all inspection tasks.

Example:

Example for a typical simple workflow: Import, alignment, surface


comparison, inspection section, report, save

Fig. 1: Typical workflow

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3.2 Import Data


Info
The illustrations shown in this document may differ from the actual repre‐
sentation in the software.

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Requirements:

• Nominal data (CAD)


• Actual data (polygonized mesh)

Procedure:

1. Create a project.

2. Import the CAD data using drag & drop. Alternatively, you can also
use Import ► File....
The software opens a dialog with the available import options.

Fig. 2: Import options

3. Choose the New Part option.


The software opens the dialog for input of the triangulation parame‐
ters.

4. The polygonized CAD data must have the same polygon resolution as
the actual data. Choose a suitable option. For this example, select the
Medium mesh resolution option.
The software creates the explorer category Part. You can rename the
category. The software converts the original CAD data into a polygon
mesh.

5. Import the actual mesh using drag & drop. Alternatively. You can also
use Import ► File....
The software opens a dialog with the available import options.

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Fig. 3: Import options

6. Use the option Add to part.


The software imports the actual mesh.

You imported all data into the project.


Info
Actual elements are displayed with green icons in front of the name.
Nominal elements are displayed with blue icons in front of the name.

Info
You can also import data by dragging and dropping the required file into
the software.

Example:
Within one part, the software creates two placeholders for the CAD data
and the actual mesh: CAD and Mesh.
The color symbolism also applies here:
Nominal elements - blue icons
Actual elements - green icons

Fig. 4: Part with CAD and mesh

If you want to know how your CAD data is named and of how many CAD
bodies the CAD data consists, click the icon (Edit CAD). The soft‐
ware switches to the CAD editing mode.
The individual CAD bodies are displayed under the CAD name (see arrow,
Fig. 5).

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Fig. 5: Function Edit CAD

To exit the editing mode for the CAD, click the button Close. Then, the
software switches to the explorer view.
After importing the data the project status changes (see Fig. 6). The red
part of the bar indicates that notes exist for elements.

Fig. 6: Project status

If you click the red part of the bar, the Status Information tab opens. The
first message is displayed. In Fig. 7 you can see that an alignment is miss‐
ing in the project.

Fig. 7: Error message

With the Possible Action button the software suggests to you what you
can do.
When you work with the GOM software, note the indication of the project
status. The aim is to have a green bar at the end of your work.

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3.3 Use Prealignment


For inspection tasks, the actual data must be aligned to the nominal data.
The GOM software offers different alignment methods (transformations).
The prealignment aligns the actual data to the nominal data (CAD) inde‐
pendent of the start positions.
You can also carry out a prealignment with a subsequent automatic best-
fit alignment.
Info
Create a prealignment before carrying out other alignments and inspec‐
tions.

Procedure:

1.
Click button Create Alignment in the main toolbar Inspection.

2. Use the function Prealignment.

Fig. 8: Function Prealignment in the main toolbar

The software shows a preview of the alignment in the 3D view.


In the following, you find the description of the menu elements.
Search time
Determine the duration of the alignment computation.
Info
The more structured a component is, the faster the software finds a solu‐
tion for the alignment. For flat or rotationally symmetric components, the
software needs a longer search time.

• Short
The computation time Short is suitable for normal, structured parts.
• Normal
The computation time Normal is suitable for flat parts.
• Long
The computation time Long is suitable for rotationally symmetric parts.

Compute additional best-fit


If you enable ( ) this option, the software computes a best-fit alignment
after the prealignment.
The software uses all mesh points.
In the explorer, under Part, the software creates the explorer category
Alignments. Here you will find all the alignments, which you create for this
part.

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Fig. 9: Explorer category Alignments

3.4 Create Surface Comparison


When the actual data are aligned to the nominal data, you can compare
full-field deviations between the data sets.
In a surface comparison, the deviations are displayed in color. The different
colors visualize the deviations from the CAD data.

Color Meaning

Blue Negative deviation

Green No deviation

Red Positive deviation

There are two possibilities to compute a surface comparison:


• Create Surface Comparison On CAD
• Create Surface Comparison On Actual
During the Create Surface Comparison On CAD, the software compares
each CAD point with an actual point. The software computes the direct
perpendicular distance of each polygon point on the CAD data to the
measured actual data.
You can use this computation method for any part.
During the Create Surface Comparison On Actual, the software compares
each actual point with a nominal point. The software computes the direct
perpendicular distance of each polygon point on the actual data to the
CAD data.
This computation method is useful with finely structured parts, since in
this case the resolution is higher than on tessellated CAD meshes.
In the dialog for creating the surface comparison, you can adjust further
parameters. For example, you can define a Max. distance.
In the following, you find the description of the menu element.
Max. distance
The maximum distance is the allowed distance between the measuring
data and the CAD data.
All points outside this value are not computed.
As a default, the software displays not computed values in gray.

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Fig. 10: Gray areas in case of an insufficient Max. distance

Info
You can change the color with the legend settings.

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Procedure:

1. Display the CAD data exclusively. Use drag & drop.

2.
Click button Surface Comparison in the main toolbar Inspec‐
tion.

3. Create a surface comparison.

Fig. 11: Surface comparison in the main toolbar

The software automatically selects the areas required for the compari‐
son on the data set (CAD data or actual mesh). The software computes
the color deviation representation.

4. Under Max. distance, define how far the actual data is allowed to be
away from the nominal data. With this parameter, you specify the
maximum tolerance deviation to be expected. Consider the required
distance to the subsequent real measuring data, also with regard to
possible position deviations caused by the alignment.
For this example, enter 3 mm.
If you later notice values that are not computed, increase the maxi‐
mum distance.

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5. To finish the deviation computation, click the smart creation button


in the 3D view.

The software lists the surface comparisons in the explorer.

Fig. 12: Surface comparisons in the explorer

Example:

Fig. 13: Surface comparison in the 3D view

3.5 Legend
As soon as you created a deviation analysis, the software automatically
displays a legend in the 3D view. From the legend, you can read the
assignment of the individual colors to the values.

Possible deviation analyses where you can see a legend:


• Surface comparison
• Inspection section
• Material thickness analysis
To adapt the expressiveness of the legend to your task, you can modify the
legend representation. You change the color representation as well.
When defining a legend, you can use legend templates.

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Info
When double clicking on the legend, you open further legend settings. In
the dialog, you find, for example, scaling, legend templates, user-defined
settings and min./max. values.

Procedure:

1. Click the legend with the right mouse button.

2. Choose Legend Templates ► GOM 8 colors.

3. Click the upper or lower end of the legend.


Now, you can enter the upper and lower value of the scaling manually.

4.
To link the upper and lower legend value, click .

Example:

Fig. 14: Adjustment of the legend with linked values

3.6 Create Deviation Labels


On all color deviation representations, you can create deviation labels.
With deviation labels, you can numerically visualize local deviations.

Requirements:

• A color deviation representation is visible in the 3D view.

Procedure:

1.
Click button Pointwise Inspection in the main toolbar Inspec‐
tion.

2. Execute the function Create Deviation Label.

3. Press Ctrl and keep it pressed.

4. Move the mouse cursor over the color deviation representation.


The software computes the deviation labels online.

5. To create a deviation label permanently, click with Ctrl + LMB.

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Example:

Fig. 15: Surface comparison with deviation labels

3.7 Creating an Inspection Section


With an inspection section, you can compare plane parallel sections (2D).
Function Create Inspection Section On CAD creates a section through the
CAD data along a defined cutting plane. The software computes the devi‐
ation in the 2D cutting plane from the nominal data to the measuring
data.

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Procedure:

1. Display the CAD data exclusively. Use drag & drop.

2.
Click the button Inspection section in the main toolbar Inspec‐
tion.

3. Create an inspection section using the function Create Inspection Sec‐


tion On CAD.

4. Select the reference plane you want to use.


Info
You adjust the position in mm steps using the mouse wheel. If you
want to adjust the position in 0.1-mm steps, press the Ctrl key at the
same time. If you want to adjust the position in 10-mm steps, press the
Shift key at the same time.

5. Adjust the Max. distance between the actual data and the nominal
data. For this example, enter 3 mm.

The software sets visible all CAD data allowed for inspection. The software
selects the data in the 3D view. The software computes the inspection sec‐
tion as preview.
The software creates the nominal section and the actual section belong‐
ing to the inspection section.
The 3D view shows the actual and nominal portions of the section. The
actual portions are displayed in the colors of the deviations from the nom‐
inal section.
Info
To compute the inspection section, the software uses the same computa‐
tion basis as for function Create Surface Comparison On CAD. Therefore,
use for Max. distance the same value as for the surface comparison.

3.7.1 Create Equidistant Deviation Labels


Using the function Create Equidistant Deviation Labels, you can create
evenly distributed deviation labels on color deviation representations.

Procedure:

1. Show the inspection section exclusively by dragging the element from


the explorer into the 3D view. You find the inspection section under
Part ► Inspection ► Curves ► Inspection sections on CAD.

2.
Click button Pointwise Inspection in the main toolbar Inspec‐
tion.

3. Carry out function Create Equidistant Deviation Labels.


The software selects the inspection section and tries to compute devi‐
ation labels based on the preset point distance.

4. Enter the required point distance, e.g. 35 mm.

5. Create deviation labels.

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Example:

Fig. 16: Inspection section with equidistant deviation labels

Info
If you have deviation labels e. g. that were not computed due to a lack of
actual data, the status bar is partly red. Click the red area and the software
switches to the Status Information tab. Here you can select and delete the
incorrect labels quickly.
Alternatively, you can also select and delete the incorrect labels e. g. in the
Relates to tab.

3.8 Elements in 3D View


Using View ► Element ► ..., you can show, hide or show exclusively any
element.

Fig. 17: Visibility options

You can also switch the visibility in the overview explorer using the eye
icon ( ) in the respective line.

3.9 Clipping at Element Plane and PIP


In tab PIP (picture in picture), the software shows you an overview of your
measuring object. When you have zoomed your measuring object in the
3D view, for example, the PIP shows you the area of your measuring object
you are looking at.
In addition, you can use clipping functions in the PIP tab. Clipping is used
for hiding certain areas of an object in the 3D view. Thus, you get a better
overview of the task you want to carry out.

3.9.1 PIP - Picture in Picture


To display elements in the PIP tab, drag the elements from the explorer
into the PIP using LMB or Shift + LMB. By using drag & drop in combina‐
tion with LMB, only the currently chosen element is displayed (see Fig. 18).
If you use Shift + LMB, you can add elements in addition to previously dis‐
played elements.

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Fig. 18: Setting the visibility in PIP using drag & drop with LMB

Show Zoom Area


The software displays the zoom area of the 3D view in the PIP with a blue
frame. The blue frame shows which part of the measuring object you see
in the 3D view (see Fig. 19). The option requires you to enable Rotation
From 3D View.

Fig. 19: 3D view in PIP

Info
For more information, refer to the Direct Help.

3.9.2 Clipping at Element Planes


When your project contains elements with exactly one plane (e.g. section,
circle), you can use these elements for clipping.

You can use function Clipping At Element Plane from the PIP tab to
perform the following tasks:
• Show the position of a section on the part
• Cut the CAD data, actual mesh or surface component at the position
of the section

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Requirements:

• The element is visible in the PIP.

Procedure:

1. Choose the function Clipping At Element Plane in the PIP.

Fig. 20: Clipping At Element Plane

2. Move the mouse cursor over the element until it is highlighted by the
software.
The mouse cursor changes.

3. Click the element.


In the 3D view, the software hides a part of the measuring object
along the element plane. At the same time, the software switches to
the 3D clipping view in the PIP. You can individually modify the clip‐
ping functionality using the presented clipping planes.

Info

Alternatively, you can use the function (Clipping At Plane) from the
toolbar in the 3D view. The PIP tab opens automatically. Elements in the
3D view that are suitable for clipping are marked with clipping icons
. Click a clipping icon of the element.

Info
If you want to switch off clipping, click the link displayed in the 3D view.
Alternatively, use the function (Disable Clipping) in the PIP.

Info
For more information, refer to the Direct Help.

Example:

Fig. 21 shows that you can use the element for clipping. When moving the
mouse cursor over the element, the software highlights the element.
When you click the highlighted element, the software hides a part of the
object along the element plane.

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Fig. 21: Possible clipping

The software switches to the 3D clipping view . The 3D clipping view


can be recognized by the volumetric display of the measuring object and
the shown possible clipping planes.

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Fig. 22: Enabled clipping along section

If you want to display the second half of the measuring object, invert the
clipping plane via the icon .

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Fig. 23: Inverted clipping

3.10 Measuring Principles, I-Inspect and Skins

3.10.1 Measuring Principles


If you have a measuring task, the measurement plan also provides you
with information on how to determine the nominal specifications on the
actual measuring object. Therefore, e. g., how you have to check an actual
point or how an element should lie on the measuring data.
The default inspection concept of the GOM software requires that all ele‐
ments are created on the nominal data first. Therefore, existing informa‐
tion in the nominal data are also used. But you must inform the GOM soft‐
ware the way in which the software should create the corresponding
actual elements.
Info
The way in which an actual element is created also influences the subse‐
quent measuring results.

A measuring principle therefore corresponds to your evaluation strategy.


Based on the measuring principle, the software also selects the measuring
points required to evaluate the geometric elements. A measuring principle

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also contains information on which adjustment computation (e. g. Gaus‐


sian, minimum circumscribed element, maximum inscribed element) is
applied.
The GOM software provides measuring principles to make it easier to cre‐
ate the necessary actual elements.
A measuring principle is a simple way to create actual elements. The soft‐
ware creates the actual elements based on the nominal elements (CAD
data). During this procedure, the software links the actual element to the
nominal element.
In addition, the measuring principle contains the information, in which
way the software creates and links an actual element.

For example, by:


• Intersection
• Projection
• Assignment
• Touching
• Etc.
You reach the measuring principles using button I-Inspect in the main
toolbar.
In the individual pie menus, I-Inspect lists the measuring principles that
can be used for each element type. Depending on the element you select,
different measuring principles are available.
I-Inspect depends on the Skin used.
Depending on your measuring task, you must therefore decide how the
software creates an actual element and links it to the nominal element.
Always select the measuring principle suitable for your measuring task for
your constructed nominal element. The direct help contains information
about the different measuring principles.

3.10.2 I-Inspect
Info
The following description of the I-Inspect functions relates to the
Professional version of the GOM software. The free version does not
include all functions.

The general principle of inspection is based on the analysis of elements in


pairs. An element pair consists of a nominal element and the assigned
actual element. Using the function I-Inspect, you can access inspection
functions for the selected elements.

Fig. 24: Button I-Inspect

I-Inspect is a pie menu in the software. I-Inspect stands for intelligent


inspection.

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Click button I-Inspect in the main toolbar Inspection. You can also
open the function with Ctrl + RMB.

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• I-Inspect manages the inspection functions for elements which are


selected in the explorer. For the selected elements, I-Inspect suggests
evaluation steps.
• I-Inspect guides you through the inspection process. The function only
offers the necessary and relevant inspections.
• I-Inspect automatically identifies the data type, e.g. actual data or
nominal data.
• I-Inspect depends on the Skin used. The menus are different for
Inspection and Deformation. You can change the skin under Edit ►
Skins ► ....

Fig. 25: I-Inspect with Inspection skin

Fig. 26: I-Inspect with Deformation skin

• I-Inspect is divided into the following areas:



Measuring Principle


Check


GD&T


Airfoil


Inter-Stage Check


User-Defined Inspection Principle

• You can configure I-Inspect individually using Inspection ► Configure


I-Inspect....

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In the middle of the I-Inspect menu you will find the Edit function. With
this button, you can execute various functions for the selected element.

3.10.3 Skins
Different inspection tasks sometimes require different evaluations and
report representations. For this reason, the GOM software provides system
skins.
Skins summarize all templates in your project to one parent template. A
skin saves:

• Label templates
• Legend templates
• Table templates
• Report templates
• Project keywords

The software provides two system skins:

• Inspection
• Deformation

The system skin Inspection is defined for all standard inspection tasks of
the sheet metal industry, the foundry industry, etc. The system skin Defor‐
mation is configured for inspection tasks of deforming and moving parts.
In the menu bar, you see the currently set skin. Here, you can choose skins
for your project and manage skins.

3.11 Measure Direct Distance on Nominal


A distance is the path between two points.
In construction drawings, you often find information about distances.
Therefore, you need to determine these distances for your scanned meas‐
uring object. You can measure a distance in different ways, for example,
with a caliper.
If you measured the distance on the actual data, you must compare the
value to the defined nominal value.
Since in most cases CAD data is available, the GOM software concept is
based on the construction of elements on the CAD (nominal elements).
You create the actual elements required for an analysis on the measured
data by assigning measuring principles.

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3.11.1 Construct Outer Disc Caliper


Measure the width of the GOM training object in the software using a cali‐
per.
Construct the distance on the CAD data.

Procedure:

1. Display the CAD data exclusively in the 3D view. Use drag & drop or
the shortcut E .

2.
Select the CAD data using the function (Select All).

3. Open function Construct ► Distance ► Outer Disc Caliper....

4. Enter a name for the element.

5. Using Ctrl + LMB, click the narrow left side of the GOM training
object, approx. in the center.

6. Using Ctrl + LMB, click the narrow right side of the GOM training
object, approx. in the center.
The software displays two orange discs with direction arrows.

7. Set the clearance. Use, for example, 5.00%. With the clearance posi‐
tion, you adjust the distance of the touch disc to the target point. This
way, you ensure that the distance dimensions can be reliably deter‐
mined even with varying widths of different parts.

8. Set the radius of the touch disc. Increase the value for this example
until the touch discs can touch the entire side of the training object.
Use, for example, 162 mm.

9. So that you measure the width of the GOM training object in X-direc‐
tion only, disable the option Compute direction automatically.

10. Under Direction, choose the option X+.


The software displays two orange discs with direction arrows.

11. Set the clearance. Use, for example, 5.00%. With the clearance posi‐
tion, you adjust the distance of the touch disc to the target point.

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12. Set the radius of the touch disc. Use, for example, 30 mm.

Fig. 27: Outer caliper

13. Create the element.

The software creates the element under Nominal Elements ► Dimensions.


The element is not yet computed because the measuring principle is miss‐
ing.

Fig. 28: Created element

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3.11.2 Assign a Measuring Principle


Assign a measuring principle to the element.

Procedure:

1. Choose skin Inspection.

2. Select the constructed nominal distance in the explorer.

3. Open the I-Inspect menu with Ctrl + RMB click in the 3D view.

4.
Choose I-Inspect ► ► Referenced Construction.

Fig. 29: Referenced Construction

The software creates the corresponding actual distance. Then, the nomi‐
nal element is computed.

Example:

Fig. 30: Computed nominal element

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Fig. 31: Linked actual element

You have the option of removing a measuring principle.

Procedure:

1. Select the nominal element in the explorer.

2. Open I-Inspect.

3. Then, click the recycle bin.

The software removes the measuring principle and deletes the corre‐
sponding actual element.

Fig. 32: Remove measuring principle

3.11.2.1 Measuring Principle: Referenced Construction


Info
Referenced construction
Referenced Construction means that the software creates actual elements
in the same way as the nominal elements. The measuring principle is
mainly used if the basic nominal elements were created from other ele‐
ments.

Info
For more information, refer to the Direct Help.

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3.11.3 Check Nominal Distance


Since the CAD data contains all necessary information, check the width of
the GOM training object based on the nominal element.

Procedure:

1. Select the nominal distance in the explorer.

2. In the 3D view, open I-Inspect with Ctrl + RMB.

3.
Choose ► Distance (X)....

4. Enter the tolerance value, for example, 0.80 mm.


The software creates the inspection element. The deviation is
displayed in a label.

Fig. 33: Checked distance

3.11.4 Pull-Out Measures


When you check elements in individual coordinate directions, you can
make the dimensioning of some inspection elements, such as distances,
diameters etc., optically clearer.
You can pull out the dimensioning element.

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Procedure:

1. Select the inspection element in the label. In the center of the ele‐
ment, you see a blue point (handle).

Fig. 34: Selected inspection element

2. With LMB, click the handle. Keep the mouse button pressed. Pull out
the dimension using the handle.

The label falls apart. The pulled-out dimension can be seen.

Fig. 35: Pulled-out dimension

3.12 Check Distance Between Cylinders


To check the distance between the two cylinders of the GOM training
object, you need two intersection points. Create the intersection points
from cylinders and planes. You need to create several elements.
For a distance measurement between two cylinders, construct the follow‐
ing elements:

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• Cylinders
• Planes
• Intersection points
• Distance

For a distance analysis, three steps are required:

• Construct
• Assigning a measuring principle
• Check

3.12.1 Construct Auto Cylinder (Nominal)


Create two inner cylinders.

Procedure:
1. Open the function Construct ► Cylinder ► Auto Cylinder (Nominal)....
Alternatively, you can use function Construct ► Auto 3D Element
(Nominal)....

2. Click with Ctrl + LMB on the inside of the left cylinder.

3. Create the element with the round icon of the smart creation button
.

4. Repeat this procedure for the right cylinder.

The software creates the cylinders. The elements are not yet computed
because the measuring principle is missing.

Example:

Fig. 36: Creating cylinders on nominal data (CAD)

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3.12.2 Construct Auto Plane (Nominal)


Create two planes.

Procedure:

1. Display the CAD data exclusively in the 3D view.

2. Open the function Construct ► Plane ► Auto Plane (Nominal).... Alter‐


natively, you can use function Construct ► Auto 3D Element (Nomi‐
nal)....

3. Click with Ctrl + LMB on the upper surface of the left cylinder.

4. Create the element with the round icon of the smart creation button
.

5. Repeat this procedure for the right cylinder.

The software creates the planes. The elements are not yet computed
because the measuring principle is missing.

Example:

Fig. 37: Creating planes on nominal data (CAD)

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3.12.3 Assign a Measuring Principle


Assign a common measuring principle to the cylinders and planes.

Procedure:

1. Select the nominal planes and the nominal cylinders in the explorer.
For multi-selection, use the key combination Ctrl + LMB.

2. Open the I-Inspect menu with Ctrl + RMB click in the 3D view.

3.
Choose ► Measuring Principle: Fitting Element.

4. Choose the options Gaussian best-fit and 3 sigma.

5. Create the elements with the smart creation button or with OK.

The software creates the corresponding actual elements. The nominal ele‐
ments are computed.

Example:

Fig. 38: Function Measuring Principle: Fitting Element

Info
Fitting element
Measuring Principle: Fitting Element means that a nominal geometry cre‐
ates a corresponding point selection on the actual data. Based on the
point selection, the software creates the actual elements. The software fits
the actual elements into the selected area as best as possible according to
the adjusted parameters.

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3.12.4 Construct Intersection Points


Create two intersection points.

Procedure:

1. Open the function Construct ► Point ► Intersection Point....

2. Click with Ctrl + LMB on the label of the cylinder C1.


The software uses the cylinder axis as line.

3. Click with Ctrl + LMB on the label of the plane P1.


The software uses the plane as element to be intersected.

4. Create the element with the round icon of the smart creation button
.

5. Repeat the procedure for cylinder C2 and plane P2.


The software creates the intersection points. The elements are not yet
computed because the measuring principle is missing. Both elements
are selected automatically.

Example:

Fig. 39: Created intersection points on nominal data (CAD)

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Assign a measuring principle to the elements.

Procedure:

1. Open the I-Inspect menu with Ctrl + RMB click in the 3D view.

2.
Choose ► Referenced Construction.
The software creates the corresponding actual elements. The nominal
intersection points are computed.

3. To get a better overview of the elements you still need, you can hide
the cylinders and planes.
a) Select the elements in the explorer.

b) Use the shortcut I .

Example:

Fig. 40: Intersection points and measuring principle

Info
Referenced construction
Referenced Construction means that the software creates actual elements
in the same way as the nominal elements. The measuring principle is
mainly used if the basic nominal elements were created from other ele‐
ments.

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3.12.5 Construct 2-Point Distance


Create a distance between two intersection points.

Procedure:

1. Open the function Construct ► Distance ► 2-Point Distance....

2. Click with Ctrl + LMB on the label Point 1.

3. Click with Ctrl + LMB on the label Point 2.

4. Create the element with the door icon of the smart creation button
.

The software creates the distance. The element is not yet computed,
because the measuring principle is missing. The element is selected auto‐
matically.

Example:

Fig. 41: Not computed nominal distance

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Assign a measuring principle to the element.

Procedure:

1. Open the I-Inspect menu with Ctrl + RMB click in the 3D view.

2.
Choose ► Referenced Construction.

The software creates the corresponding actual element. The nominal dis‐
tance is computed.

Example:

Fig. 42: Computed nominal distance

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3.12.6 Check Distance


Check the overall length (XYZ) of the distance.

Procedure:

1. Select the nominal distance in the explorer.

2.
Choose I-Inspect ► ► Distance....

3. Enter a tolerance of +/- 1.00 mm.

The software creates the inspection element.

Example:

Fig. 43: Distance check

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3.13 Check Diameter


Check the inner cylinder of the letter “g” on the GOM training object.

Procedure:

1. Open the function Construct ► Cylinder ► Auto Cylinder (Nominal)....


Alternatively, you can use function Construct ► Auto 3D Element
(Nominal)....

2. Click with Ctrl + LMB on the inside of the open cylinder.

3.
Create the element with the smart creation button .

The software creates the cylinder. The element is not yet computed,
because the measuring principle is missing.

4. Select the nominal cylinder in the explorer.

5.
Assign a measuring principle to the cylinder. Choose I-Inspect ►
► Measuring Principle: Fitting Element.

6.
Choose I-Inspect ► ► Diameter....

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7. Enter the tolerance according to the drawing. You find the drawing
in ... ► training_data_inspprof_basic ► nominal ►
gom_training_object_drawing.

Fig. 44: Design drawing

The software creates the diameter check.

Example:

Fig. 45: Diameter check

3.14 Check Parallelism


The parallelism check belongs to the GD&T inspections. With function
Check Parallelism, you check whether an element is parallel to a datum
system.

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Check the parallelism of letter “m” on the GOM training object according
to the design drawing.

Fig. 46: Design drawing

Procedure:

1. Display the CAD data exclusively in the 3D view.


2. Open function Construct ► Plane ► Auto Plane (Nominal)....

3. Click with Ctrl + LMB on the right outer surface of the “m”.

4. Name the plane C. Create the element with the smart creation button
.

The software creates the plane. This plane is used as datum system.
The element is not yet computed because the measuring principle is
missing.

5. Repeat the procedure for the inside of the right leg. Name the plane
P3.
6.
Assign a measuring principle to the planes. Choose I-Inspect ► ►
Measuring Principle: Fitting Element.
Info
Computation method for GD&T
The adjustment of the computation method (Gaussian, sigma, ...) has
no effect for GD&T inspections.
If you use an element for GD&T analysis, the software automatically
defines the computation method Chebyshev. The supported GD&T
standards require this method.

The planes are now computed.

7. Select the plane P3 in the explorer.


8.
Choose I-Inspect ► ► Parallelism....

9. Choose the standard ISO 1101 and plane C as datum system. Enter the
tolerance according to the drawing. You find the drawing in ... ►
training_data_inspprof_basic ► nominal ►
gom_training_object_drawing.
The software creates the parallelism check.

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10. Create a report page.

Example:

Fig. 47: Parallelism check

3.15 Section Inspection


If, for example, you want to determine the diameter of a cylinder at a cer‐
tain position, you need a section as basic element. From the section, you
create a circle. You can then check this circle. The following paragraphs
explain the steps for a section-based diameter check. You also see the dif‐
ferent effects of two measuring principles in a comparison.

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3.15.1 Create Section


Create a section through the cylinder 5 mm below the cylinder surface.

Procedure:

1. Display the CAD data and the plane P1 exclusively in the 3D view.

2. Open the function Edit ► Selection in 3D ► Geometry-Based Selec‐


tions ► Select Cylinder-Based.

3. Click the outer surface of the top cylinder.


The software selects the cylinder.

4. Open the function Construct ► Section ► Single Section....

5. Select the plane P1 as reference plane.


6. Under Position, enter -5.00 mm for the position of the section.

The software creates the section. The section lies 5 mm below the cylinder
surface. The element is not yet computed, because the measuring princi‐
ple is missing.

Example:

Fig. 48: Section through cylinder, reference plane P1

To create the actual part of the nominal section, assign a measuring princi‐
ple to the section. The following two measuring principles are useful:

• Create Actual Section


• Referenced Construction

In the following, you see the different effects of the two measuring princi‐
ples.

3.15.2 Measuring Principle: Actual Section


Using the function Create Actual Section, you can create a section through
the actual data. The software constructs the actual section at exactly the
position of the nominal section.
Fig. 49 shows the functioning of the measuring principle. To make the
principle clearer, the actual data are displayed excessively far away from
the nominal data.

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Fig. 49: Actual section exactly at the position of the nominal section

3.15.3 Measuring Principle: Referenced Construction


Referenced Construction means that the software creates actual elements
in the same way as the nominal elements. This means, you create the
actual section based on the actual data. The software uses the actual fit‐
ting plane for the computation of the actual section.
Fig. 50 shows the functioning of the measuring principle. To make the
principle clearer, the actual data are displayed excessively far away from
the nominal data. The actual section is created in the same way as the
nominal section. Both sections are 5 mm below the respective cylinder sur‐
face.

Fig. 50: Actual section based on reference planeP1

3.15.4 Comparison of the Measuring Principles


When you compare the results of the two measuring principles, you see
the difference. The actual section lies at different positions. To make the
principle clearer, the actual data are displayed excessively far away from
the nominal data. In practice, the difference is much smaller. Decide
according to your measuring task which measuring principle you choose.
Fig. 51 shows the different positions of the actual sections. The upper sec‐
tion is the result of function Referenced Construction. The lower section is
the result of function Create Actual Section.

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Fig. 51: Direct comparison of the actual sections


Create Actual Section Referenced Construction

3.15.5 Create Circle From Section


To check the diameter of the cylinder at the position of the section, create
a circle. You have two possibilities:

• Construct Auto Circle (Nominal)


• Construct Fitting Circle

In practice, it may happen that not everywhere correct actual data were
captured for a measuring object. If you want to exclude parts of the sec‐
tion from constructing the circle, use function Construct Fitting Circle.

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Construct a fitting circle from the section. Modify the point selection.
Transfer the change to the actual section with a measuring principle.

Procedure:

1. Display the section exclusively.

2. Open function Construct ► Circle ► Fitting Circle....

3. Click with Ctrl + LMB on the section.


The software selects all points of the section.

Fig. 52: All points of the section are selected.

4. Deselect a small part of the circle. Use the function Select/Deselect


Through Surface .

a) Mark an area.

b) Keep the right mouse button pressed.

c)
Choose .

The software deselects the marked points of the section.

Fig. 53: Deselected area

5. Create the element.

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6. Assign a measuring principle to the element. Use Referenced Con‐


struction.
The software constructs the actual circle in the same way as the nomi‐
nal circle.

Fig. 54: Computed nominal circle

7. Select the actual circle in the explorer.

8. Open the creation parameters with F4 .


You see that the software transferred the deselected area to the actual
section.

Fig. 55: Creation parameters of the actual section

Info
The display of the deselected area is a parameter representation which
refers to the original creation. If meanwhile you changed the view of the
element, the selection representation is displayed at its original location in
3D space. As the representation is just a display, this fact has no effect on
the element.

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3.15.6 Check Diameter


Check the diameter of the circle.

Procedure:

1. Select the nominal circle in the explorer.

2.
Choose I-Inspect ► ► Diameter....

3. Enter a tolerance of +/- 0.1 mm.

The software creates the diameter check.

Example:

Fig. 56: Diameter check

3.16 Measuring Principle: Projected Offset Section


Using the function Measuring Principle: Projected Offset Section, you can
e.g. determine the center points of pierced holes (see Fig. 57).
The measuring principle requires a nominal circle in the base plane. The
software automatically creates auxiliary elements on the actual data (e.g.
plane, section, fitting circle) and computes the result with projection
methods.

Fig. 57: Typical pierced holes

With this measuring principle, you can determine center points even for
objects which are difficult to measure. The dialog offers several adjust‐
ment possibilities. You find the description of the individual menu ele‐
ments in the direct help.
Behind the measuring principle, there is a complex sequence of functions.

3.16.1 Menu Elements


Actual element
Determine the actual element.
Distance to element

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Enter the distance between the nominal circle and the selection area.
The distance determines the start of the selection area. Within the selec‐
tion area, the software creates a fitting plane on the actual data.
Section offset
Enter the distance of the section to the nominal circle. The section plane is
moved parallel.
Recommendation: The offset value is approx. 1/3 to maximal 1/2 of the
hole depth.
Width
Enter the width of the selection area.
Within the selection area, the software creates a fitting plane.
This option is only active if the function Diagonally punched hole is disa‐
bled.
Inside
If you enable ( ) this option, the fitting plane intersects the pierced hole
inside.
The fitting plane can only intersect the pierced hole inside if there are
measuring data available on the inside.
Outside
If you enable ( ) this option, the fitting plane intersects the pierced hole
outside.
If no measuring data are available for the inside, use this option.
Diagonally punched hole
If you analyze a diagonally punched hole, enable this option.
If you enable ( ) the option, the software does not create a fitting plane.
The software directly creates a fitting circle. The software projects the fit‐
ting circle on the plane of the nominal circle.

3.16.2 Example for a Complex Sequence of Functions

Example:

Fig. 58: Typical pierced holes

Example pierced hole A


Determination of a pierced hole center point in the base plane(Fig. 59)

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Fig. 59: Actual data with pierced hole A

The measuring principle requires a nominal circle in the base plane (Fig.
60).

Fig. 60: Nominal circle in the base plane

Fig. 61: Nominal data with preview

In the dialog of the measuring principle, determine the selection area (Dis‐
tance to element, Width, see Fig. 62).

Fig. 62: Selection area

Within the selection area, the software creates an actual fitting plane (see
Fig. 63). The software displays the created actual fitting plane in the
explorer with the supplement p. The visibility of the element is locked by
default.

Fig. 63: Created actual fitting plane

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With the option Section offset, you determine the position (see Fig. 64)
where the actual fitting plane intersects the pierced hole (see Fig. 65). The
software displays the created actual section in the explorer with the sup‐
plement s. The visibility of the element is locked by default.

Fig. 64: Moved actual fitting plane

Fig. 65: Section between pierced hole and actual fitting plane

At the position of the section, the software creates an actual fitting circle
(see Fig. 66).

Fig. 66: Created actual fitting circle

The software projects the actual fitting circle onto the base plane of the
pierced hole.

Fig. 67: Projected actual fitting circle on the base plane

The software displays the projected actual fitting circle in the explorer
with the name of the nominal circle.
Example pierced hole B
Determination of a pierced hole center point in the base plane(Fig. 68)

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Fig. 68: Actual data with pierced hole B

The measuring principle requires a nominal circle in the base plane (Fig.
69).

Fig. 69: Nominal circle in the base plane

Fig. 70: Nominal data with preview

In the dialog of the measuring principle, determine the selection area (Dis‐
tance to element, Width, see Fig. 71).

Fig. 71: Selection area

Within the selection area, the software creates an actual fitting plane (see
Fig. 72). The software displays the created actual fitting plane in the
explorer with the supplement p. The visibility of the element is locked by
default.

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Fig. 72: Created actual fitting plane

With the option Section offset, you determine the position (see Fig. 73)
where the actual fitting plane intersects the pierced hole (see Fig. 74). The
software displays the created actual section in the explorer with the sup‐
plement s. The visibility of the element is locked by default.

Fig. 73: Moved actual fitting plane

Fig. 74: Section between pierced hole and actual fitting plane

At the position of the section, the software creates an actual fitting circle
(see Fig. 75).

Fig. 75: Created actual fitting circle

The software projects the actual fitting circle onto the base plane of the
pierced hole.

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Fig. 76: Projected actual fitting circle on the base plane

The software displays the projected actual fitting circle in the explorer
with the name of the nominal circle.
Example of a diagonally punched hole

Fig. 77: Diagonally punched hole

The software computes the center point of a diagonally punched hole


analog to the typical pierced holes A or B.
For a diagonally punched hole, the software does not create an actual fit‐
ting plane. The software directly creates an actual fitting circle. The soft‐
ware projects the actual fitting circle on the plane of the nominal circle.

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3.16.3 Check Diameter


Check the diameter of the cylindrical recess below the letters GOM. For
this purpose, construct a circle. Apply the measuring principle Measuring
Principle: Projected Offset Section.

Procedure:

1. Display the CAD data exclusively.

2. Open the function Construct ► Circle ► Auto Circle (Nominal).... Alter‐


natively, you can use function Construct ► Auto 2D Element (Nomi‐
nal)....

3. Click with Ctrl + LMB on the hole edge.


4.
Create the element with the smart creation button .

The software creates the circle. The element is not yet computed,
because the measuring principle is missing.

5. Select the nominal circle in the explorer.

6.
Assign a measuring principle to the element. Choose I-Inspect ►
► Measuring Principle: Projected Offset Section.

7. Choose the parameters in the dialog such that there are actual data at
the location of the section. In the dialog, set the following parameters
for this example:
a) Distance to element: 2.00 mm

b) Section offset: -3.00 mm

c) Width: 4.00 mm

8. Create the element with OK.


The software creates the actual circle which corresponds to the nomi‐
nal circle. The nominal element now is computed.

9.
Choose I-Inspect ► ► Check Diameter.

10. Enter a tolerance of +/- 0.1 mm.

The software creates the diameter check.

Example:

Fig. 78: Diameter check

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3.17 Check Material Thickness


During a material thickness analysis, the software compares the material
thickness of the CAD data to the material thickness of the actual data.
Thus, you can find out, for example, if the wall thickness of a measuring
object is within the allowed tolerances.
You can check the material thickness for a surface area or at a certain
point.
Info
You can also create a material thickness on actual data and compare it to
the nominal material thickness. If, for example, you do not have CAD data
and the nominal material thickness is given in a drawing, you can use the
function.

For a material thickness analysis, three steps are required:

• Construct
• Assigning a measuring principle
• Check

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3.17.1 Create Material Thickness


To create the material thickness, use the “o” of the training object.

Procedure:

1. Display the CAD data exclusively in the 3D view. Use the shortcut E .

2.
Select the lateral surface of the “o” with (Select Patch).

The lateral surface of the “o” is selected.

Fig. 79: Selected lateral surface

3. Create the material thickness with Construct ► Surface ► Material


Thickness....
The dialog opens.

4. Determine the maximum and minimum material thickness.


a) Click in the field Max. thickness. Thus, you place the cursor focus
into the field.

b) Click with Ctrl + LMB on the thickest part of the “o”.


The software automatically determines a value.

c) Click in the field Min. thickness. Thus, you place the cursor focus
into the field.

d) Click with Ctrl + LMB on the thinnest part of the “o”.


The software automatically determines a value.

e) Slightly increase the automatically determined value for Max.


thickness. Slightly decrease the automatically determined value for
Min. thickness. Thus you ensure that the material thickness is com‐
puted everywhere.

5. Create the element with the smart creation button or with OK.

The software displays the nominal material thickness as color deviation.

Example:

The software created the nominal material thickness. The element is not
yet computed, because the measuring principle is missing.

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Fig. 80: Nominal material thickness

3.17.2 Assign a Measuring Principle


Assign a measuring principle to the element.

Procedure:

1. Select the nominal material thickness in the explorer.

2. Open the I-Inspect menu with Ctrl + RMB click in the 3D view.

3.
Choose I-Inspect ► ► Referenced Construction.

The software creates the corresponding material thickness. The nominal


material thickness is computed.

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3.17.3 Create Material Thickness Comparison On Actual


Compare the nominal material thickness with the actual material thick‐
ness.

Requirements:

• The project contains the nominal and actual elements of the material
thickness.

Procedure:

1. Select the nominal material thickness in the explorer.

2. Open the I-Inspect menu with Ctrl + RMB click in the 3D view.

3.
Use the check ► Create Material Thickness Comparison On
Actual.

4. Enter a tolerance of +/- 0.1 mm.

5. Create the element with the smart creation button or with OK.
The software creates the material thickness comparison. Because the
colored nominal material thickness and the created material thickness
comparison are both visible in the 3D view, the software cannot dis‐
play the different legend parameters.

6. Display the material thickness comparison exclusively in the 3D view.


Use the shortcut E .
The software displays the material thickness comparison in color.

7. Distribute some deviation flags.

8. Create a report page.

Fig. 81: Material thickness comparison

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3.17.4 Check Material Thickness at a Point


You can also check the material thickness at a certain point on the CAD.

Procedure:

1. Display the CAD data exclusively.

2. Open function Inspection ► Analyze Surfaces ► Material Thicknesses


► Material Thickness Inspection Point....

3. Click a spot on the CAD data where you want to check the material
thickness.

4. Create the element with the smart creation button or with OK.
The software creates a distance for the material thickness. The distance is
automatically created on the nominal and actual data.

Example:

Fig. 82: Creation dialog, clicked point

Fig. 83: Result

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3.18 Document the Result


You can document measuring results and inspections in report pages.

Requirements:

• All elements to be documented are visible in the 3D view.

Procedure:

1.
Click button Create Report Page in the main toolbar Inspection.

A preview of the report page opens.

2.
Use to choose a report template and the
page format.

3.
Arrange the elements in the 3D view using icon Edit content .

4. Create the report page with OK.

You find all created report pages in the explorer and in the workspace
Report. In the explorer, you can edit the report pages with F4 . In the
workspace Report, further functions are available.
Info
When moving the mouse cursor on a report page, icon appears for
editing the page.

3.19 Save Project


You can save a project with File ► Save and File ► Save As.... The software
writes the entire content in one file. You can open the file with the free
viewer GOM Inspect.

3.19.1 Export Report Pages


You can export report pages of a project with File ► Export ► Report ►
PDF....
Info
You can export report pages also using RMB on a report page.

0000000895_007_EN_19-08-2019 Page 67 (67)

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