Skills - Workbook - 2 Citation

School of Languages (ScOLa)
Undergraduate English
Programme
Undergraduate English Programme
UG ENGLISH ACADEMIC
SKILLS BOOK 2
Citation and Referencing

Ozyegin University
ENG 101 Fall 2018

1
ABOUT THIS SKILLS BOOK
This skills book is designed to help you acquire the essential academic writing skills
you need to succeed at university. The critical thinking skills you acquire will also
help you succeed in your chosen career. The skills book is divided into five sections
as follows:
SECTION 1. Key Terminology
SECTION 2: Citing Sources in Your Essay
SECTION 3. Making Direct Quotations in Your Essay
SECTION 4. Paraphrasing in Your Essay
SECTION 5: Creating a Reference List of the Sources You Cite in Your Essay.
HOW TO USE THIS SKILLS BOOK
We do not recommend that you read the whole skills book at once. We suggest that
you study it in bite-size “chunks” as follows:
KEY INFORMATION:
Read the content in each section. If necessary, read it a 2nd or 3rd time to make sure
you understand it.
 If a section includes a link to a website which provides additional useful

information, click on the link to read the content on that website.
 Complete the self-study activities in each section before you move to the next
section.
 Check your answers against the answer key for the relevant section. Answer
keys are available from your instructor.
ENG 101 Fall 2018

2
SECTION 1: KEY TERMINOLOGY
Word/phrase Meaning
Indicating the last name of the author and year of a source

In-text citation in your essay. An example of APA style:
(McKibben, 2009)
This is the list of all the sources that you cite in your essay.
References Each entry in the list includes the author’s name, title of
the work, the publisher, date of publication, place of
publication and page numbers.
An exact word-for-word report of the words used by

Direct quotation another person.
The specific format used to indicate the sources you used in

Documentation style your work. Examples are APA, MLA and Chicago.
Copying or paraphrasing of other people's work or ideas in

Plagiarism your essay without acknowledging the source.
Paraphrasing Rewriting a passage from a text using your own words to

convey the same idea or meaning as in the original text.
ENG 101 Fall 2018

3
SECTION 2: CITING SOURCES IN YOUR ESSAY
KEY INFORMATION:
“Whether paraphrasing or quoting an author directly, you must credit the source”
(American Psychological Association, 2007, p. 120).
 In academic writing you are expected to use credible sources to support your
arguments.
 There are two ways you can do this: (1) By summarising or paraphrasing the ideas
that you have read. (2) By directly quoting the source you are using.
 If you summarise or quote a source, it is very important that you tell the reader that
you are summarising or quoting the work of another writer. Summarising or quoting
another author in academic writing is known as in-text citation.
 If you don’t acknowledge the source you are quoting or paraphrasing, then you are
plagiarising.
 Plagiarism means that you have copied the words of an author and pretended that they
are your own words. Copying an author’s words or ideas without citing the author is
academic dishonesty. You will be penalised if you plagiarise either intentionally or
unintentionally. For more information about the penalties for plagiarism, see the
Ozyegin University policy on plagiarism in LMS.
 There are different styles of in-text citation. The citation style for the ENG 101 course is
the American Psychological Association (APA) style. Check with your instructors for
your other subjects to see which citation style to use.
ENG 101 Fall 2018

4
SECTION 3: Making Direct Quotations in Your Essay
KEY INFORMATION:
 A direct quotation is an in-text citation method in which you incorporate a

writer’s exact words into your own writing to help support your arguments.
 Use a direct quotation if the words of the writer you are quoting are relevant
to the point you want to make.
 Although direct quotations are NOT counted as part of the word count for
your assignment, it is not a good idea to submit an assignment that is made
up entirely of direct quotations as this in itself will not help you get a high
grade!
 Each time you make a direct quotation, you must comment on the
quotation. This means adding your own explanation of what the quotation
means. This explanation must be in your own words and can either come
before or after the direct quotation (see example below).
 According to APA documentation style (2007), a short quotation should be no

longer than 40 words.
 If you need to use a longer quotation, start “a block quotation on a new line,
and indent the block . . . . in the same position as a new paragraph”
 Enclose your quotation within double quotation marks (“...”).
 When quoting, always provide the author, year, and specific page citation in
the text, and include a complete reference in the reference list. Example:
ENG 101 Fall 2018

5
EXAMPLES OF QUOTATIONS WITH COMMENTARY
Let’s take a look at the example below, which was taken from a book called 2010 State
of the world: Transforming cultures from consumerism to sustainability. The book is a
collection of articles about the impact of consumerism on the future of humankind. The
author of the text below is Erik Assadourian.
British economist Ekins (1991) describes consumerism as a cultural orientation

in which “the possession and use of an increasing number and variety of goods
and services is the principal cultural aspiration and the surest perceived route to
personal happiness, social status, and national success.”
Put more simply, consumerism is a cultural pattern that lead people to find
meaning, contentment, and acceptance primarily through the consumption of
goods and services. While this takes different forms in different cultures,
consumerism leads people everywhere to associate high consumption levels
with well-being and success.
The words in red is a direct quotation . Notice the double quotation marks at the
beginning and the end of the quotation.
The words in blue are the author’s (Assadourian) comments or explanation of the
quotation. Notice how he uses a transition phrase (Put more simply) to signal that he is
now going to start his own comments on the quotation from the book by Paul Ekins. The
rest of the paragraph is Assadourian’s comments on Ekins’ ideas.
MORE EXAMPLES OF DIRECT QUOTATION
EXAMPLE 1:
She stated, “The placebo effect . . . disappeared when behaviors were studied in this
manner” (Miele, 1993, p. 276), but she did not clarify which behaviors were studied.
Notice the in-text citation highlighted in red: the last name of the author, year of
publication, and the page number in parenthesis following the double quotation marks.
ENG 101 Fall 2018

6
Another way to quote an author is in example 2 below:

EXAMPLE 2:
Miele (1993) found that “the placebo effect, which had been verified in previous
studies disappeared when only the first group’s behaviors were studied in this manner”
(p. 276).
Notice the in-text citation highlighted in red: the last name of the author and year of
publication, and the page number in red and in parenthesis following the double
quotation marks.
The following texts all contain some kind of error(s) related to direct quotation.
Highlight the problematic part(s) in yellow. Then rewrite the text so that it is
correct.
ACTIVITY 1:
As Myers (p. 321, 2000) remarked, “positive emotions are both an end—better to live
fulfilled, with joy—and a means to a more caring and healthy society.”
Your Answer:
ACTIVITY 2:
According to Everson (p. 34), “energy consumption is by far the most pressing concern facing the
world in the twenty-first century” (2003). Given the exponential growth of human population and
the desire to enjoy the benefits of modern consumerism, energy consumption has become the
urgent issue that needs to be tackled not only by governments and international agreements but
also by individuals.
Your Answer:
ENG 101 Fall 2018

7
ACTIVITY 3:
In her incendiary remarks, Margaret Watson claims that “it is simply illogical to believe the lies
put out by the environmental lobbyists. No intelligent thinking person could ever believe that we
are threatened by global warming when the scientific statistics clearly prove otherwise” (2010, p.
65). Naturally, these kinds of attacks against the environmentalists are not going to help establish
an all-encompassing forum to discuss the future of our planet.
Your Answer:
ACTIVITY 4:
Despite the latest scandals in the UN and the media, the public support for climate change
initiatives has steadily increased among the developed countries. This does not mean that we now
have an overwhelming consensus on the issue. If we go back to the early days of the green
movement, it can easily be noticed that the issue has always been controversial. For instance, in
his seminal work, Mountbatten (1968) defended the virtues of environmentalism by stating that
“only a fool would ignore the threat of environmental catastrophe” (1968).
Your Answer:
ACTIVITY 5: ADDING EXPLANATIONS/COMMENTARY TO QUOTATIONS
ENG 101 Fall 2018

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Read the quotations in the table below. Add the appropriate APA in-text citation
and your own explanation of/commentary on the quotation.
Source Year Quotation
Mary 1997 “Human nature is such that no matter how much progress we make
Hempsall in areas such as renewable energy, we will never be able to
compensate for our sheer greed.”
Page 1
APA citation: Hempsall (1997) argues that “Human nature..” (p.1).
Or “Human nature…” (Hempsall, 1997, p.1).
Explanation: … In other words, unless humans address their

insatiable hunger for more, little headway can be made in
renewable energy.
Commentary: … which means that there is reason for pessimism

about renewable energy because of the greedy tendencies of
human beings.
Peter 2005 “Environmental sceptics use dubious tactics like exaggerating the
Raynor supposed “high cost” of alternative energy to scare the public into
doing nothing about climate change.”
Page 27
Your Answer:
Lucas D. 2010 “The inescapable truth is that renewable energy does indeed require
Amos substantial investment costs. However, surely this should not be an
insurmountable obstacle. Instead of trying to ignore or hide this
ENG 101 Fall 2018

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Page 126 problem, it is surely better to face up to this challenge and have a
public debate about how we can make this energy source available
for everyone.”
Your Answer:
SECTION 4: Paraphrasing in Your Essay
KEY INFORMATION
 Paraphrasing is an in-text citation method in which you restate selected ideas of

another writer in your own words.
 As well as substituting the original words with appropriate synonyms,
paraphrasing could also involve changing word form (e.g. noun to adjective),
grammar (e.g. active to passive), sentence structure or order of ideas.
 You must cite the author/writer you are paraphrasing using the APA citation style.
 You are rewriting the words of the original source, so DO NOT use quotation marks.
 Unlike direct quotations, the text that you paraphrase is included in the word count
of your essay.
 Use reporting verbs in your paraphrase. Example, “Hempsall (1997) observes that
greed is an obstacle to a fairer society”.
 Use appropriate reporting verbs to show whether the original source has a positive,
negative or neutral attitude to the idea. Example, “Kennedy (1998) agrees that the
most effective way of improving proficiency in a second language is through social and
linguistic immersion in a country's culture and society.”
ENG 101 Fall 2018

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SOME EXAMPLES OF PARAPHRASING
 Note that it is not always necessary to paraphrase a whole paragraph;

select only the ideas that are relevant to the argument you are making.
EXAMPLE 1:
Selected Extract (by Gustav Jensen, published in 2002)
“The stakes are simply too high now to ignore the threat of overpopulation. The
time is right to take drastic action even if it means taking unpopular and
controversial decisions.”
The paraphrase:
Jensen (2002) warns that overpopulation is now a very serious and controversial
issue that needs to be addressed immediately, despite the difficulties.
Notice that the author has been credited (highlighted in red) in spite of the fact that the
original extract has been changed. Although the words are different, the ideas still
belong to the author. That is why acknowledging the source of these ideas is still
necessary.
EXAMPLE 2:
Selected Extract (by Brian Peters, published in 2003)
“While corporate involvement in the social area in the form of planting

trees or building schools may seem laudable, I fear that the entire notion of
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is nothing more than window
dressing designed to assuage companies’ guilt and enhance their
reputations.”
The paraphrase:
Peters (2003) puts forward the idea that corporate social responsibility is merely
intended to trick the public into believing that the companies, by engaging in social
projects, are making every effort to address the social concerns of the general
public. He is sceptical about this, suggesting that it is simply not true.
Paraphrase the following text extracts using an appropriate reporting verb.
ACTIVITY 7
Selected Extract (by Gary Gardner, published in 2007)
“In addition to being excessive overall, modern consumption levels are highly skewed, leading to
ENG 101 Fall 2018

11
disproportionate responsibility for modern environmental ills among the rich. According to a
study by Princeton ecologist Pacala (2003), the world’s richest 500 million people (roughly 7
percent of the world’s population) are currently responsible for 50 percent of the world’s carbon
dioxide emissions, while the poorest 3 billion are responsible for just 6 percent.”
Your Answer:
ACTIVITY 8:
Selected Extract (by Ingrid Pramling, published in 2011)

“Globalization involves a virtually one-way dissemination of western cultural images and values
toward non-western societies. Only recently has there been some concern at the international
level about globalization’s role in spreading consumerist cultural images and values and the
resulting breakdown in intergenerational relationships in non-western societies.”
Your Answer:
ENG 101 Fall 2018

12
ACTIVITY 9:
Selected Extract (by Susan Linn, published in 1980)

“One negative consequence of globalization is that western individualistic, consumer-oriented,
youth-focused values—communicated through multiple international and national media and
institutional channels—are undermining positive traditions and values of more collectivist
sociocultural systems. In many cases, these traditions and values provide the basis for the society’s
sustainable use and development of both natural and human resources.”
Your Answer:
Sample extract 1
It's probably more difficult to see nuclear power as sustainable. Unlike the other alternative energy
sources, it has long been anathema to environmentalists, largely because of the problem of storing
radioactive waste. But nuclear reactors are also a highly efficient source of power, emit no pollutant
gases and--with some types, anyway--can be designed to generate minimal waste and to be
essentially meltdown-proof. That's why Patrick Moore, a co-founder of Greenpeace, has become a
nuclear booster and why many other environmentalists are beginning--sometimes grudgingly--to
entertain the idea of embracing nuclear. Calling it green would be a stretch. Calling it sustainable is
much less of one.
Lemonick, M.D. (2009). TOP 10 myths about sustainability. Scientific American Special Edition, 19 (1),
40-45.
Type 1: DIRECT CITATION/QUOTATION
ENG 101 Fall 2018

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Sample question:
Select information from the text extract above to make a direct citation in APA style and include it in
a short paragraph in the space provided which supports the proposition that:
Existing technologies need to be re-considered from the perspective of sustainability.
Sample answer
In order to assure a more sustainable and less polluting use of energy, the first consideration should
be to re-evaluate existing technologies to see whether they can be used more effectively. One
technology which is frequently overlooked especially by environmentalists is Nuclear. As Lemonick
(2009) points out, despite it having been unpopular with environmentalists because of the issue of
radioactive waste, it can be considered sustainable because it is “a highly efficient source of power,
emit[s] no pollutant gases, and… can be designed to generate minimal waste” (p.41). This shows
that despite the idea that older technologies are less-sustainable, it would be more helpful to
consider using them in a more sustainable manner.
Type 2: PARAPHRASING
Sample question:
Select information from the text extract above to paraphrase (cited in APA style) and include it in a
short paragraph in the space provided which supports the proposition that:
Existing technologies need to be re-considered from the perspective of sustainability.
Sample answer:
In order to assure a more sustainable and less polluting use of energy, the first consideration should
be to re-evaluate existing technologies to see whether they can be used more effectively. One
technology which is frequently overlooked especially by environmentalists is Nuclear. As Lemonick
(2009) points out, despite it having been unpopular with environmentalists because of the issue of
radioactive waste, it can be considered sustainable because it is a reliable power source which
produces no polluting gases and little waste if built for that purpose. This shows that despite the
idea that older technologies are less-sustainable, it would be more helpful to consider using them in
a more sustainable manner.
SECTION 5: Creating a Reference List of the Sources You Cite

in Your Essay Using APA Style
KEY INFORMATION
ENG 101 Fall 2018

14
 A reference list is a list of all the sources you cite in your essay.
 It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any
source you cite in the body of the paper.
 Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list.
 The sources you cited should be listed in alphabetical order (A-Z).
 The second line of each reference (and thereafter) is indented by about 5 spaces.
This can be formatted automatically by using the "Hanging" feature under
"Indentation" within the "Indents and Spacing" section within the "Paragraph"
option of the "Format" column of the menu bar, found in most Microsoft Word
programmes.
 Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper.
 Use the APA style for your list of references.
The following rules apply to citing sources from books, articles (journal and
newspaper), and websites.. The examples below are taken from the La Trobe University
website at http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/referencing-tool/apa-6. Check this website
for examples of how to cite other sources, including print and online journal articles,
websites, blogs etc.
APA 6: BOOK: SINGLE AUTHOR

In-text referencing
Direct quote (page number(s) must be included)
Benesch (2001) stated that English for academic purposes (EAP) was “more rhetorical
in focus” (p. 6).
Paraphrasing or summarising (use of page number(s) encouraged)
Benesch (2001) described the function of the rhetorical-grammatical process chart (pp.
6-7).
Reference List
ENG 101 Fall 2018

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Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Benesch, S. (2001). Critical English for academic purposes: Theory, politics, and practice.
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
APA 6: BOOK: MULTIPLE AUTHORS

In-text referencing
It was found that "individuals can discriminate between members of their own and a
closely related sympatric species on the basis of song and beak morphology" (Grant &
Grant, 2008, p. 78).
Grant and Grant (2008) studied the behaviour of finches on Daphne Major and found
that in many cases misimprinted birds mated and hybridised (pp. 95-96).
Reference List
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Grant, P. R., & Grant, B. R. (2008). How and why species multiply: The radiation of
Darwin’s finches. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Fraser, J., Waters, D., Forster, E. M., & Brown, N. (2014). Paediatric nursing in Australia:
Principles for practice. Port Melbourne, VIC: Cambridge University Press.
APA 6: JOURNAL ARTICLE: ARTICLE FROM THE INTERNET

In-text referencing
The program "is specifically focused on increasing the math and science content
knowledge" (Merrill & Daugherty, 2010, p. 23).
Merrill and Daugherty (2010) found an increase in knowledge (p. 24).
Reference List
ENG 101 Fall 2018

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Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume (Issue),
pp-pp. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Merrill, C., & Daugherty, J. (2010). STEM education and leadership: A mathematics and
science partnership approach. Journal of Technology Education, 21(2), 21-34.
Retrieved from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/
APA 6: JOURNAL ARTICLE: ARTICLE (2-5 AUTHORS)

In-text referencing
This "avoids the presence of diverse peaks of the same protein" (Cueto-Rojasa, Pereza,
Perez-Sancheza, Ocampo-Juareza, & Medina-Rivero, 2010, p. 1021).
Cueto-Rojasa, Pereza, Perez-Sancheza, Ocampo-Juareza, and Medina-Rivero (2010)

reported a potential benefit (p. 1023).
Reference List
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., & Author, E. E. (Year). Title of
article. Title of Journal, Volume, pp-pp. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cueto-Rojasa, H. F., Pereza, N. O., Perez-Sancheza, G., Ocampo-Juareza I., &

Medina-Rivero, E. (2010). Interferon-a 2b quantification in inclusion bodies
using Reversed Phase-Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-UPLC).
Journal of Chromatography B, 878, 1019-1023. Retrieved from
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-chromatography-b/
APA 6: NEWSPAPER ARTICLE: ARTICLE FROM THE INTERNET

In-text referencing
Melbourne is "overrunning small country towns" (Dobbin, 2010, p. 3).
Developers are close to the boundaries of non-metropolitan postcodes (Dobbin, 2010, p.

3). Or
Dobbin (2010, p. 3) reported that developers are close to the boundaries of non-
metropolitan postcodes. Or
ENG 101 Fall 2018

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Dobbin (2010) reported that developers are close to the boundaries of non-
metropolitan postcodes (p. 3).
Reference List
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of newspaper. Retrieved from
http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Dobbin, M. (2010, November 22). Melbourne jumps its boundary. The Age. Retrieved
from http://www.theage.com.au/
No author:
Title of article. (Year, Month Day). Title of newspaper. Retrieved from

Focus changes for Louisiana in oil clean-up. (2010, November 3). The New York Times.
Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/
Notes
 Where page numbers are not provided give the paragraph number using the
abbreviation “para”.
 If headings are used cite the first few words of the heading and the number of the
paragraph following to direct the reader e.g. (Regolith, 2010, "On the Earth" para.
6).
APA 6: WORLD WIDE WEB: WEBPAGE

In-text referencing
The Center for Bioethics (2009) noted that increasingly "American patients have been
transformed into health care consumers" (para. 2).
A forthcoming book will address these issues (Center for Bioethics, 2009, para. 3).
Reference List
ENG 101 Fall 2018

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Author, A. A. or Corporate Author. (Year). Title of webpage. Retrieved from

Center for Bioethics. (2009). Ethics and pharmaceutical marketing. Retrieved from
http://www.ahc.umn.edu/bioethics/research/pharm/home.html
Notes
 Where page numbers are not provided give the paragraph number using the
abbreviation “para”.
 If headings are used cite the first few words of the heading and the number of the
paragraph following to direct the reader e.g. (Regolith, 2010, "On the Earth",
para. 6).
 Include a retrieval date if the source material is likely to change over time
APA 6: WORLD WIDE WEB: ONLINE VIDEO

In-text referencing
The La Trobe University Library (2010) video discusses how "Googling is great and
everybody does it but not for university assignments".
This video shows why you shouldn't just Google when researching for university
assignments (La Trobe University Library, 2010).
Reference List
Last name, Initial. [Screen name]. (Year, Month Day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved
from http://xxxxx
Palmer, J. (2009, November 9). My birth my choice rally [Video file]. Retrieved from
http://youtu.be/cfAaGhvRmmg
La Trobe University Library. (2010, February 9). Why can't I just Google? [Video file].
Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bp-ZGFd5o5A
Notes
 The author of the video is the person who posted it and not necessarily the
creator of the video.
 Use an invidivual's real name as author, if available. Otherwise use their screen
name or username.
 When available, include both the author's real name and username.
 Capitalise the screen name or username as it appears online.
ENG 101 Fall 2018

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 In text, reference by the author name that appears outside the brackets.
ENG 101 Fall 2018

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School of Languages (ScOLa)

Citation and Referencing

School of Languages (ScOLa)

ENG 101 Fall 2018

ABOUT THIS SKILLS BOOK

SECTION 1. Key Terminology

SECTION 2: Citing Sources in Your Essay

SECTION 3. Making Direct Quotations in Your Essay

SECTION 4. Paraphrasing in Your Essay

HOW TO USE THIS SKILLS BOOK

 If a section includes a link to a website which provides additional useful

ENG 101 Fall 2018

SECTION 1: KEY TERMINOLOGY

Indicating the last name of the author and year of a source

An exact word-for-word report of the words used by

The specific format used to indicate the sources you used in

Copying or paraphrasing of other people's work or ideas in

Paraphrasing Rewriting a passage from a text using your own words to

ENG 101 Fall 2018

SECTION 2: CITING SOURCES IN YOUR ESSAY

ENG 101 Fall 2018

SECTION 3: Making Direct Quotations in Your Essay

 A direct quotation is an in-text citation method in which you incorporate a

 According to APA documentation style (2007), a short quotation should be no

 Enclose your quotation within double quotation marks (“...”).

ENG 101 Fall 2018

EXAMPLES OF QUOTATIONS WITH COMMENTARY

British economist Ekins (1991) describes consumerism as a cultural orientation

MORE EXAMPLES OF DIRECT QUOTATION

ENG 101 Fall 2018

Another way to quote an author is in example 2 below:

ENG 101 Fall 2018

ACTIVITY 5: ADDING EXPLANATIONS/COMMENTARY TO QUOTATIONS

ENG 101 Fall 2018

Source Year Quotation

Or “Human nature…” (Hempsall, 1997, p.1).

Explanation: … In other words, unless humans address their

Commentary: … which means that there is reason for pessimism

ENG 101 Fall 2018

SECTION 4: Paraphrasing in Your Essay

 Paraphrasing is an in-text citation method in which you restate selected ideas of

ENG 101 Fall 2018

SOME EXAMPLES OF PARAPHRASING

 Note that it is not always necessary to paraphrase a whole paragraph;

Selected Extract (by Gustav Jensen, published in 2002)

Selected Extract (by Brian Peters, published in 2003)

“While corporate involvement in the social area in the form of planting

Paraphrase the following text extracts using an appropriate reporting verb.

Selected Extract (by Gary Gardner, published in 2007)

ENG 101 Fall 2018

Selected Extract (by Ingrid Pramling, published in 2011)

ENG 101 Fall 2018

Selected Extract (by Susan Linn, published in 1980)

Type 1: DIRECT CITATION/QUOTATION

ENG 101 Fall 2018

Existing technologies need to be re-considered from the perspective of sustainability.

Existing technologies need to be re-considered from the perspective of sustainability.

SECTION 5: Creating a Reference List of the Sources You Cite

ENG 101 Fall 2018

APA 6: BOOK: SINGLE AUTHOR

Paraphrasing or summarising (use of page number(s) encouraged)

ENG 101 Fall 2018