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History: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)
History: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)
Patil
HISTORY
• Àðù. èð÷Ùðó ØððØðð ÚðüðÐðð ¡Âðô¤¸ððá çðüäðð÷ÏðÐððçðð¿ó ÙðõâðØðõÃð òãðìððÐððµðð
òãð¨îðçð èð÷ÂÚððµðó ±ðܸð âðêððÃð ¡ðâðó. ÃÚððüÐðó Úðð çðüäðð÷ÏðÐððçðð¿ó
Ùðôü×ðýáâðð ¸ð÷. ¡ðÜ. Àó. ¾ð¾ð ÚððüµÚðð çðè¨îðÚððáÐð÷ Tata Institute of
Fundamental Research (TIFR) èó çðüçÆðð çÆððÑðÐð ¨÷îâðó. (1945)
Ãð÷ çãðÃð: 1ST çðüµððâð¨î
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Ùðô®Úð ¸ð×ðð×ðÇðÜó.
¡Âðô¤¸ððá ¡ðÚðð÷±ð
¡Âðô¤¸ððá òãðØðð±ð
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4) ãè÷òܦ÷×ðâðçððÚð©âðð÷¾àðùÐð
çð÷ü¾Ü (VECC), ¨îð÷âð¨îðÃðð
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çðüâð±Ðð çðüçÆðð
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¡ðøÌðð÷ò±ð¨î çðüçÆðð
Ñðòèâðð ¾ÑÑðð –
Ððøçðò±ðá¨î ÚðôÜ÷òÐð¡Ùð ãððÑðÜÂð÷.
ÇôçðÜð ¾ÑÑðð -
Ñâðô¾ð÷òÐð¡Ùðµðð ýüÏðÐð ÙèÂðõÐð ãððÑðÜ ¨îÜÂð÷.
òÃðçðÜð ¾ÑÑðð –
Æðð÷òÜ¡Ùðµðð ýüÏðÐð ÙèÂðõÐð ãððÑðÜ ¨îÜÂð÷.
‘âðô¾ð÷òÐð¡Ùð’
U -233 ýüÏðÐð¸ðÐð¨î
¡ÂðôØð¾þ¾Úðð òãðÌðôÃð
Æðð÷òÜ¡Ùð
ÚðôÜ÷òÐð¡Ùð 233
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Basic
¡ðÚðÐðóØðãðÐ𠤸ððá
(x)
¡Âðõ
¡Âðô±ðØðá ×ðüÏðÐ𠤸ððá
(√)
¡Âðô±ðØðá ×ðüÏðÐ𠤸ððá :-
¡Âðô±ðØððáÙðÏÚð÷ ¡Æðãðð ¨÷üîͨîðÙðÏÚð÷ Ùðô®ÚðÃð: P ãð N ¡çðÃððÃð. ÚððüµÚððÑððçðõÐð
¡Âðõ¨÷üîͨî ×ðÐðÃð÷. ¦®ððÌðð ¨÷üîͨîðÙðÏÚð÷ è÷ ¨îÂ𠦨îëð ÜðèÂÚððçðð¿ó ¸ð×ðÜÇçÃð
×ðâð âðð±ðÃð÷ Úð𠤸ð÷áâððµð ¡Âðô±ðØðá ×ðüÏðÐ𠤸ððá ÙèÂðÃððÃð.
¨îð÷ÂðÃÚððèó ¡Âðô ¨÷üîͨîðÃð ¸ð÷ãðÁ÷ P ãð N ¡çðÃððÃð ÃÚððüµÚðð ãðçÃðôÙððÐððµðó ×ð÷Üó¸ð
¨÷îâðó ÃðÜ ¡Âðô¨÷üîͨîðµð÷ ãðçÃðôÙððÐð ãèðÚðâðð èãð÷. ÑðÂð ¡çð÷ ÐðçðõÐð ¡Âðô¨÷üîͨîðµð÷
ãðçÃðôÙððÐð Úð𠦨îòëðÃð ãðçÃðôÙððÐððÑð÷êðð ¨îÙðó ØðÜÃð÷. Úððµð ãðçÃðôÙððÐððÃðóâð ëðô¾óâðð
‘ãðçÃðôÙððÐð ëðô¾ó’ (Mass Defect) ÙèÂðÃððÃð.
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e. g. Helium : 2P + 2N
P = 2x1.007277 AMU = 2. 017332
N = 2x1.008665 AMU = 2. 01434
¡Ñð÷òêðÃð ãðçÃðôÙððÐð = P + N = 4.03166 AMU
Actual Helium µð÷ ãðçÃðôÙððÐð = 4.00260 AMU
ãðçÃðôÙððÐð ëðô¾ó = 0.02906 AMU
Eb = mc2 ÚððãðÝÐð ÑßÃÚð÷¨î ¨îÂððµðó
... C = Ñߨîðäððµðð ãð÷±ð (NIP) ¡Âðô×ðüÏðÐ𠤸ððá
∆ m = ãðçÃðôÙððÐð ëðô¾ó òÙðúãðÃðð Úð÷Ãð÷.
¡Âðô±ðØððáµð÷ ãðçÃðôÙððÐð ãððÁÃð ±ð÷âÚððÐðüÃðÜ ×ðüÏðÐð¤¸ððá ¨îÙðó- ¨îÙðó èð÷Ãð ¸ððÃð÷. Iron
µÚðð ãðçÃðôÙððÐððÑð÷êðð ¸ððçÃð ãðçÃðôÙððÐð ¡çðÂððñÚðð ÙðõâðÍãÚððüµÚðð òãð³ð¾ÐððÐð÷
(Nuclear Fission) ãð ÃÚððÑð÷êðð ¨îÙðó ãðçÃðôÙððÐð ¡çðÂððñÚðð ÙðõâðÍãÚðüðµÚðð
çðüÙðóâðÐððÐð÷ (Nuclear Fusion) Úð𠤸ð÷áµðð £ÑðÚðð÷±ð ¨îÜÃðð Úð÷Ãðð÷.
Iron = 56 Maststable
¡ðÑðÂð ¡ð¸ð ¸ðó ¡Âðô¤¸ððá ãððÑðÜÃðð÷ Ãðó ÑßÃÚðêððÃð ¡Âðô±ðØðá ×ðüÏðÐð¤¸ððá ¡çðÃð÷.
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fusion
¡Âðô¤¸ððá òÙðúãðÂÚððµð÷ çëðð÷Ãð : -
Berium Krupton
141 तीन न्युट्रॉन 92
Ba कण kr
56 36
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ÚððÃðóâð òÐðÙððáÂð èð÷ÂððñÚð𠤸ð÷áãðÜ òÐðÚðüëðÂð ¿÷ãððãð÷ âðð±ðÃð÷. ¡ÐÚðÆðð Ùðð÷¿Úðð ÑßÙððÂððÃð
çÑðð÷¾ èð÷Ãðð÷ (Dual Technology)
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II) òÐðÚðüëð¨î(Controller)
ÐÚðõ¾àðùÐçð äðð÷æðõÐð ³ð÷¤Ðð ÃÚððüµðó çðü®Úðð ¨îÙðó ¨îÜÂÚððçðð¿ó ×ðð÷ÜðùÐð,
×ð÷òÜòâð¡Ùð, ¨ùîÀòÙð¡Ùð (BBC) ÚððüµÚðð ¨îðüÀÚðð òÐðÚðüëð¨î ÙèÂðõÐð
ãððÑðÜÃððÃð.
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ÙðèÄãððµÚðð ¡ÂðôØð¾þ¾Úðð
I) ÃððÜðÑðõÜ ¡Âðô¤¸ððá ÑߨîâÑð (TAPS)
• 1962 ¡Ùð÷òܨîð, ýü¾ÜÐðùäðÐðâð ¡ù¾ð÷òÙð¨î
• ¦Ðð¸ðóá ¦¸ðÐçðó (IAEA), ØððÜÃð ÚððüµÚðð ÙðÇÃðóÐð÷.
• 210 Ùð÷±ððãððù¾ ãðó¸ð òÐðòÙðáÃðó ¨îÜÂððñÚðð Çð÷Ðð ¡ÂðôØð¾þ¾Úðð
• TAPS -1, TAPS -2 (çðÏÚðð êðÙðÃðð = 160 Mw)
• £¨îúÃÚðð ÑððÂÚððµðð ãððÑðÜ ¨îÜÂððñÚðð (Bwr –Boiling water Reactor)
Úðð ÑߨîðܵÚðð ¡ðè÷Ãð.
• 1974 ØððÜÃððÐð÷ ¡ÂðôµððµðÂðó ¨÷îâðó ãð ÃÚððµðð ÑðòÜÂððÙð ÙèÂðõÐð
¡Ùð÷òܨ÷îÐð÷
• ÙðÇÃð ×ðüÇ ¨÷îâðó. Ãð÷ãèð ØððÜÃðóÚð ãðøìððòÐð¨üîðÐðó Ñâðô¾ð÷òÐð¡Ùð – ÚðôÜ÷òÐð¡Ùð
¡ðù©çððýÀ’ è÷ òÙðëð ýüÏðÐð ÃðÚððÜ ¨îÝÐð ãð APS µððâðõ ¿÷ãðâðð. ØððÜÃððÐð÷
×ððè÷ܵðó ÙðÇÃð Ðð ³ð÷Ãðð çãðÚðüÑßÚðÃÐ ððüÃðõÐð ¡Âðô¨îðÚðáªîÙð µððâðõ ¿÷ãðÂÚððµðó
èó çðôÝãððÃð ¡ðè÷
• 2005 ãð 2006 âðð 2 ¡¸ðõÐð çðüµð ãððÁãðÂÚððÃð ¡ðâð÷ ÑßØððòÜÃð
¸ðÀÑððÂðó ¡ÂðôØð¾þ¾ó (PHWR).çãðÇ÷äðó ÃðüëðìððÐð
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BARC (Ùðôü×ðýá)
Úðð Çð÷Ðð ò¿¨îðÂðó
IGCAR ( ¨îâÑð©¨îÙð)
1 Mwt
July 1960
40 mwt
ØððÜÃððÃðóâð ÇôçðÜó
çðüäðð÷ÏðÐð ¡ÂðôØð¾þ¾ó
b) çððÚðÜçð
¨ùîÐðÀðµÚðð ÙðÇÃðóÐð÷
£ØððÜÂðó.
July 1960
40 mwt
ØððÜÃððÃðóâð ÇôçðÜó
c) »ðÜòâðÐðð çðüäðð÷ÏðÐð ¡ÂðôØð¾þ¾ó
¨ùîÐðÀðµÚðð ÙðÇÃðóÐð÷
£ØððÜÂðó.
• ÑðõòÂðáÙðð II µð÷ ÐðôÃðÐðó¨îÜÂð ¨îÝÐð ÑðõòÂðáÙðð III U -233 µðð ýüÏðÐð ÙèÂðõÐð
ãððÑðÜ ¨îÜÂððÜó Ãðó ¸ð±ððÃðóâð Ñðòèâðó ÑßðÚðð÷ò±ð¨î çðüäðð÷ÏðÐð ¡ÂðôØð¾þ¾ó
¿Üâðó. (P –III)
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August 1985
100mwt
40 mwt
40 mwt
¨îðòÙðÐðó - ¨îâÑð©¨îÙð òÙðÐðó òÜ¡ù©¾Ü
b) ¨îðòÙðÐðó
Æðð÷òÜ¡Ùð ÑððçðõÐð – U – 233
òÙðúãðõÐð ÃÚððµðð ýüÏðÐð ÙèÂðõÐð ãððÑðÜ
¨îÜÂððÜó ¸ð±ððÃðóâ𠦨îÙð÷ãð ¨îðÚðáÜÃð
¡ÂðôØð¾þ¾ó.
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ýüÏðÐððµÚðð ÑðôÐðÑßòªîÚð÷µÚðð
ÃðüëðìððÐððµðð òãð¨îðçð
(Reprocessing)
PFBR
ýüÏðÐð ×ðÐðãðÂÚððµÚðð ÃðüëðìððÐððµðð
òãð¨îðçð (Fuel Fabricatin)
¡òÏð¨î FBR
¡ÂðôØð¾þ¾Úðð
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¡Âðô¨îµðñÚððµð÷ ãÚðãðçÆððÑðÐð
• IAEA èó Ùðð±ðáÇäðáÐðÑðÜ çðüçÆðð
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• Úðð÷¸ðÐðð
a) ÑðôÐðÑßòªîÚðð
b) ¨îÙðó Ïðð÷¨îðÇðÚð¨î ¨îµðñÚððüÃð ÝÑððüÃðÜÂð ¨îÜÂð÷
c) çðôÜòêðÃð çðð¿ãðÂðõ¨î
d) Çó³ðá¨îðâðóÐð çðôÜòêðÃð òãðâè÷ãðð¾
¡ÂðôµððµðÂÚðð
I) ÙðùÐðèù¾Ðð Ñßð÷¸ð÷©¾ (U.S.A.)
a) ò¾àòÐð¾ó µððµðÂðó
b) òâðò¾âð ×ððùÚð
c) Òùî¾ ÙðùÐð
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