ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ

ÓÄÊ 624.012.3/.4:624.044(083.75)(100)

Îáçîð ñóùåñòâóþùèõ äèàãðàìì äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ

áåòîíà ïðè ñæàòèè â îòå÷åñòâåííûõ è çàðóáåæíûõ
íîðìàòèâíûõ äîêóìåíòàõ
Äåíèñ Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ ÏÀÍÔÈËÎÂ, êàíäèäàò òåõíè÷åñêèõ íàóê, e-mail: panda-w800i@yandex.ru
Àëåêñàíäð Àíàòîëüåâè÷ ÏÈÙÓËÅÂ, êàíäèäàò òåõíè÷åñêèõ íàóê, e-mail: pishulev@yandex.ru
Êèðàì Èñëÿìåòäèíîâè÷ ÃÈÌÀÄÅÒÄÈÍÎÂ, êàíäèäàò òåõíè÷åñêèõ íàóê, e-mail: gimadetdinov@mail.ru
ÔÃÁÎÓ ÂÏÎ «Ñàìàðñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé àðõèòåêòóðíî-ñòðîèòåëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåò»,
443001 Ñàìàðà, Ìîëîäîãâàðäåéñêàÿ, 194

Àííîòàöèÿ. Äëÿ îáùèõ ñëó÷àåâ ðàñ÷åòîâ æåëåçîáåòîííûõ êîíñòðóêöèé îòå÷åñòâåííûå íîðìàòèâíûå

äîêóìåíòû ïðåäïèñûâàþò ïðèìåíÿòü íåëèíåéíóþ äåôîðìàöèîííóþ ìîäåëü. Íà ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå ìåòîäèê
ðàñ÷åòà, èñïîëüçóþùèõ äèàãðàììû äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà ïðè ñæàòèè, íàïðàâëåíû êàê òåîðåòè÷åñêèå,
òàê è ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ. Ðàññìîòðåíû äèàãðàììû äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà, ðåêîìåíäîâàííûå
íîðìàòèâíûìè äîêóìåíòàìè Ðîññèè, åâðîïåéñêèõ ñòðàí, Èíäèè, Êèòàÿ, Áðàçèëèè, ßïîíèè, Óêðàèíû, Áåëîðóññèè.
Ïðåäñòàâëåíû ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî îïèñàíèþ äèàãðàìì äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà ïðè ñæàòèè – êðèâîëèíåéíûå,
ïàðàáîëè÷åñêè ëèíåéíûå, áèëèíåéíûå. Ïðèâåäåíû îñîáåííîñòè àíàëèòè÷åñêîãî îïèñàíèÿ äèàãðàìì
äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà ïðè ñæàòèè â íîðìàòèâíîé äîêóìåíòàöèè ðàçíûõ ñòðàí. Èçëîæåíû ïðåôåðåíöèè
ñòðàí â âûáîðå äèàãðàìì äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà è îñîáåííîñòè èõ îïèñàíèÿ. Äàí ñâîäíûé ãðàôèê äèàãðàìì
äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà. Ïðîâåäåíû èñïûòàíèÿ áåòîííûõ êåðíîâ íà ñæàòèå â òåíçîìåòðè÷åñêîé òðóáå.
Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîäòâåðäèëè öåëåñîîáðàçíîñòü èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ íåëèíåéíûõ äèàãðàìì
äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ñ íèñïàäàþùåé âåòâüþ.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: æåëåçîáåòîííûå êîíñòðóêöèè, äèàãðàììû äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà, íîðìàòèâíûå äîêóìåíòû,
òåíçîìåòðè÷åñêàÿ òðóáà.

REVIEW OF DIAGRAMS OF CONCRETE DEFORMATION UNDER COMPRESSION IN NATIONAL

AND FOREIGN CONCRETE CODES

Denis A. PANFILOV, e-mail: panda-w800i@yandex.ru, Alexander A. PISCHULEV, e-mail: pishulev@yandex.ru,

Kiram I. GIMADETDINOV, e-mail: gimadetdinov@mail.ru, Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Abstract. The article touches upon concrete deformation diagrams recommended by the concrete codes of the Russian
Federation (SP 52-101-2003, SP 63.13330.2012), Europe (Model Code 2010, EuroCode 2 and CEB-FIP), India
(IS-456-2000), China (GB50010-2002), Brazil (ABNT NBR 6118-2003), Japan (JSCE-2007), Ukraine (DBN B.2.6-98 : 2009),
Belarus (SNB 5.03.01-02). The authors propose to describe the diagrams of concrete deformation under compression
as curved, parabolically linear, bilinear. The peculiarities of the analytical description of the diagrams of concrete
deformation under compression in the concrete codes of different countries are disclosed in the article. The preferences
of various countries in the choice of concrete deformation diagrams and the peculiarities of their description
are revealed. The authors represent the summary schedule of concrete deformation diagrams. Compressive stretch tests
of concrete center-punch marks in a strain gauge pipe have been carried out. The feasibility of using nonlinear
deformation diagrams with a falling branch has been confirmed by the experimental studies conducted by the authors.
© ÏÀÍÔÈËÎÂ Ä. À., ÏÈÙÓËÅÂ À. À., ÃÈÌÀÄÅÒÄÈÍÎÂ Ê. È., 2014

Key words: concrete structures, concrete deformation diagrams, concrete codes, strain gauge pipe.

àçðàáîòêà ñîâðåìåííûõ óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàííûõ ìåòî-
Ð äèê ðàñ÷åòà æåëåçîáåòîííûõ êîíñòðóêöèé ïî ïðî÷-
íîñòè, à òåì áîëåå äåôîðìàòèâíîñòè, íåìûñëèìà áåç
ó÷åòà íåëèíåéíûõ ñâîéñòâ áåòîíà. Îïèñàíèå äåôîðìè-
ðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà â ðÿäå íîðìàòèâíî-òåõíè÷åñêèõ äîêó-
ìåíòîâ îöåíèâàåòñÿ êàê îäèí èç îñíîâîïîëàãàþùèõ ôà-
êòîðîâ, îïðåäåëÿþùèõ õîä ðàñ÷åòà æåëåçîáåòîííûõ
êîíñòðóêöèé. Âñå ðàññìîòðåííûå ìîäåëè äåôîðìèðîâà-
íèÿ áåòîíà, ïðèâåäåííûå â îòå÷åñòâåííûõ è çàðóáåæíûõ
íîðìàòèâíûõ äîêóìåíòàõ ïî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ æåëåçîáå-
òîííûõ êîíñòðóêöèé, ìîæíî ðàçäåëèòü íà îñíîâíûå è
óïðîùåííûå.
Îñíîâíûå ìîäåëè (êðèâîëèíåéíûå) îöåíèâàþò íàïðÿ-
æåííî-äåôîðìèðîâàííîå ñîñòîÿíèå (ÍÄÑ) áåòîíà ìàê-
ñèìàëüíî ïðèáëèæåííî ê ðåàëüíîé ðàáîòå áåòîíà. Óï-
ðîùåííûå ìîäåëè (ïàðàáîëè÷åñêè ëèíåéíûå è áèëè-
íåéíûå) èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äëÿ îöåíêè ÍÄÑ áåòîíà ñ ïîçè-
öèé îïòèìàëüíîãî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ è óïðîùåíèÿ ðàáîòû
ïðîåêòèðîâùèêà ñ äàííûìè äèàãðàììàìè äåôîðìèðî-
âàíèÿ.
Îäíàêî â íîðìàòèâíûõ äîêóìåíòàõ íåêîòîðûõ ñòðàí,
íàïðèìåð, Êàíàäû [1], Àâñòðàëèè [2], Èíäîíåçèè [3],
Òóðöèè [4], ÷åòêî íå îòðàæåíî îïèñàíèå äåôîðìèðîâà-
íèÿ áåòîíà. Âûøåïåðå÷èñëåííûå äîêóìåíòû îñíîâàíû
ïî îáðàçó è ïîäîáèþ íîðì ÑØÀ [5]. Òåì íå ìåíåå, íå-
ëèíåéíîñòü áåòîíà â ñòàòüÿõ è íàó÷íûõ òðóäàõ ó÷åíûõ
ýòèõ ñòðàí íåèçìåííî ñâÿçûâàþò ñ èìåíåì îäíîãî èç îñ-
íîâîïîëîæíèêîâ ýòîé òåîðèè – àìåðèêàíñêèì ó÷åíûì
E. Hognestad [6].
 ðÿäå ñòðàí ÑÍà äî ñèõ ïîð èñïîëüçóþò ÑÍèÏ
2.03.01-84*. Äåéñòâóþùèé íîðìàòèâíûé äîêóìåíò Óçáå-
êèñòàíà [7] îñíîâàí íà ýòîì ÑÍèÏ.  Ðåñïóáëèêå Áåëà-

80 ÏPÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÎÅ È ÃPÀÆÄÀÍCÊÎÅ CÒPÎÈÒÅËÜCÒÂÎ 3/2014

 ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ

ìE e ; 0 £ e b £ e b1 Rb Rb
sb = í b,red b ; e b1 = ; E b,red = .
îR b ; e bl < e b £ e b 2 E b,red e b1,red
Çíà÷åíèÿ îòíîñèòåëüíûõ äåôîðìàöèé e b1,red ïðè íå-
ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîì äåéñòâèè íàãðóçêè ïðèíèìàþò íå áî-
ëåå 0,0015;
· ïðè òðåõëèíåéíîé äèàãðàììå
ìE b e b ; 0 £ e b £ e b1
ïïéæ e ö e - e b1 s ù
sb = íêçç1 - b1 ÷÷ b + b1 úR b ; e b1 < e b £ e b 0 .
ïëè R b ø e b 0 - e b1 R b û
îïR b ; e b 0 < e b £ e b 2
Çíà÷åíèÿ íàïðÿæåíèé sb1 ïðèíèìàþò ðàâíûìè 0,6Rb ,
çíà÷åíèÿ îòíîñèòåëüíûõ äåôîðìàöèé – e b1 = s b1 E b .
s b1( eb ) – äèàãðàììà Ã. Â. Ìóðàøêèíà è Â. Ã. Ìóðàøêèíà
(ÑÃÀÑÓ); s b2 ( eb ) – ÑÏ 52-101-2003 (äâóõëèíåéíàÿ äèà- Â ÑÏ 63.13330.2012 (àêòóàëèçèðîâàííàÿ ðåäàêöèÿ ÑÏ
ãðàììà); s b3 ( eb ) – ÑÏ 52-101-2003 (òðåõëèíåéíàÿ äèàãðàì- 52-101-2003) ïîìèìî ðåêîìåíäîâàííûõ äâóõ- è òðåõëè-
ìà); s b 4( eb ) – äèàãðàììà À. È. Çâåçäîâà, À. Ñ. Çàëåñîâà, Ò. À. íåéíîé äèàãðàìì äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà ðàçðåøàåòñÿ
Ìóõàìåòäèåâà, Å. À. ×èñòÿêîâà (ÍÈÈÆÁ); s b5 ( eb ) – ÑÍÁ
5.03.01-02; s b 6 ( eb ) – EuroCode 2 prEN 1992-1 (êðèâîëèíåéíàÿ èñïîëüçîâàòü ëþáûå äèàãðàììû äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ñ íèñ-
äèàãðàììà); s b7( eb ) – EuroCode 2 prEN 1992-1 (ïàðàáîëè÷åñêè ïàäàþùåé âåòâüþ, â òîì ÷èñëå êðèâîëèíåéíûå.
ëèíåéíàÿ äèàãðàììà); s b 8 ( eb ) – EuroCode 2 prEN 1992-1 (áè- Ïðàðîäèòåëåì ñóùåñòâóþùåé êðèâîëèíåéíîé äèàã-
ëèíåéíàÿ äèàãðàììà); s b 9 ( eb ) – GB 50010-2002; s b10 ( eb ) –
NBR 6118-2003 – Norma Brasileira ðàììû äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà â Eurocode 2 [10] ìîæíî
ñ÷èòàòü âûðàæåíèå, ïðèâåäåííîå â CEB-FIB [18] â 1991 ã.:
Ðèñ. 1. Ñâîäíûé ãðàôèê äèàãðàìì äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ æ eö
2
áåòîíà s b - eb e
Ec - çç ÷÷
¤ c è ec ø
s= ¤c.
ðóñü [8] è Óêðàèíå [9] çà îñíîâó âçÿëè EuroCode [10]. Â æ e ö e
1 + ççE c - 2 ÷÷
îñíîâå íîðìàòèâíîãî äîêóìåíòà Âüåòíàìà [11] ëåæèò è ¤c ø ec
ðîññèéñêèé ÑÏ 52-101-2003.
Íåîáõîäèìî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî êàæäûé èç íîðìàòèâíûõ Âïîñëåäñòâèè ñ ïðèíÿòèåì EuroCode 2 [10] â 2001 ã.
äîêóìåíòîâ èìååò ñâîþ «îðèãèíàëüíóþ» èíäåêñàöèþ íåêîòîðûìè åâðîïåéñêèìè ñòðàíàìè (Àâñòðèÿ, Áåëüãèÿ,
ñèìâîëîâ. Êðîìå òîãî, ïðè áîëåå-ìåíåå óãàäûâàåìîì ×åõèÿ, Äàíèÿ, Ôèíëÿíäèÿ, Ôðàíöèÿ, Ãåðìàíèÿ, Ãðåöèÿ,
îáîçíà÷åíèè ñèìâîëîâ â ôîðìóëàõ ñóùåñòâóþò íåêîòî- Èñëàíäèÿ, Èðëàíäèÿ, Èòàëèÿ, Ëþêñåìáóðã, Íèäåðëàíäû,
ðûå íþàíñû â ìåòîäèêèõ îïðåäåëåíèÿ ïðî÷íîñòíûõ õà- Íîðâåãèÿ, Èñïàíèÿ, Øâåöèÿ, Øâåéöàðèÿ è Âåëèêîáðèòà-
ðàêòåðèñòèê áåòîíà. Íàïðèìåð, ñîãëàñíî ASTM íèÿ) êðèâîëèíåéíàÿ äèàãðàììà äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà
C39/C39M–05 [12], à òàêæå EN 12390-3:2002 [13] ñòàí- íà ñæàòèå ïðèîáðåëà íåñêîëüêî èíîé âèä:
äàðòíûé îáðàçåö ïðè èñïûòàíèè íà ñæàòèå – öèëèíäð,
sc kh - h2 , E cm ,n ec1
11 e æ¤ ö
0, 3
ïîýòîìó â [2, 5, 10, 14] ñèìâîë fck – õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêàÿ = ;k = ; h = c ; E cm ,n = 22ç cm ÷ ,
(íîðìàòèâíàÿ) ïðî÷íîñòü áåòîíà íà ñæàòèå öèëèíäðîâ ¤ cm 1 + (k - 2)h ¤ cm ecl è 10 ø
(ðàçìåð 150´300(h) ìì) â âîçðàñòå 28 ñóò. Òîãäà êàê â [4, ãäå fcm – ïðî÷íîñòü áåòîíà íà îñåâîå ñæàòèå, óñòàíîâëåííàÿ äëÿ ïðî-
15, 16] ñèìâîë fck îáîçíà÷àåò õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêóþ (íîð- åêòèðîâàíèÿ êîíñòðóêöèé (òàáëè÷íîå çíà÷åíèå); eñ1 – îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ
ìàòèâíóþ) ïðî÷íîñòü áåòîíà íà ñæàòèå êóáîâ (ðàçìåð äåôîðìàöèÿ, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùàÿ ïèêîâîé òî÷êå äèàãðàììû äåôîðìè-
ãðàíè 150 ìì) â âîçðàñòå 28 ñóò. ðîâàíèÿ (òàáëè÷íîå çíà÷åíèå); Åcm,n – ìîäóëü óïðóãîñòè áåòîíà äëÿ
Íèæå ðàññìîòðåíû ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî àíàëèòè÷åñêîìó íåëèíåéíûõ ðàñ÷åòîâ êîíñòðóêöèé.
îïèñàíèþ äèàãðàìì äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà â ñëåäóþ- Êðîìå òîãî, â EuroCode 2 [10] ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ïàðàáî-
ùèõ íîðìàòèâíûõ äîêóìåíòàõ: Ðîññèè (ÑÏ 52-101-2003), ëè÷åñêè ëèíåéíàÿ äèàãðàììà, äëÿ êîòîðîé âçàèìîñâÿçü
Åâðîïû (Model Code 2010 [17], EuroCode 2 [10] è ìåæäó íàïðÿæåíèÿìè è îòíîñèòåëüíûìè äåôîðìàöèÿìè
CEB-FIP [18]), Èíäèè (IS-456-2000 [16]), Êèòàÿ (GB- ïðåäñòàâëåíà ñëåäóþùèìè çàâèñèìîñòÿìè:
50010-2002 [15]), Áðàçèëèè (ABNT NBR 6118–2003 [14]),
ßïîíèè (JSCE-2007 [19]), Óêðàèíû (ÄÁÍ Â.2.6-98:2009 ì é æ ec ö ù
n
ïa¤ ê1 - çç1 - ÷ ú; 0 £ eñ £ eñ 2
ec 2 ÷ø ú
[9]), Áåëîðóññèè (ÑÍÁ 5.03.01-02 [8]). sc = í cd ,
 íîðìàòèâíûõ äîêóìåíòàõ ÑÑÑÐ (ÍèÒÓ 123-55, ÑÍ êë è û
ï
15-57, ÑÍèÏ II-Â.1-62*, ÑÍèÏ II-21-75* è ÑÍèÏ 2.03.01- îa¤ cd ; eñ 2 £ eñ £ eñu 2
84*) îïèñàíèå äèàãðàìì äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà è àð-
ìàòóðû îòñóòñòâîâàëî. Ñ ïðèíÿòèåì â 2003 ã. ÑÏ 52- ãäå n – ïîêàçàòåëü ñòåïåíè (òàáëè÷íîå çíà÷åíèå); eñ2 – îòíîñèòåëü-
íûå äåôîðìàöèè, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå ìàêñèìàëüíûì íàïðÿæåíèÿì íà
101-2003 âïåðâûå äëÿ áåòîíà ââîäèòñÿ ïîíÿòèå äâóõ- è äèàãðàììå (òàáëè÷íîå çíà÷åíèå); eñu2 – ðàñ÷åòíûå ïðåäåëüíûå îòíî-
òðåõëèíåéíîé äèàãðàììû äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ. ñèòåëüíûå äåôîðìàöèè áåòîíà (òàáëè÷íîå çíà÷åíèå); fcd – ðàñ÷åòíîå
Ñæèìàþùèå íàïðÿæåíèÿ áåòîíà sb â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñîïðîòèâëåíèå áåòîíà ñæàòèþ; a – êîýôôèöèåíò (òàáëè÷íîå çíà÷å-
îòíîñèòåëüíûõ äåôîðìàöèé eb îïðåäåëÿþò: íèå).
· ïðè äâóõëèíåéíîé äèàãðàììå Åùå áîëåå óïðîùåííàÿ äèàãðàììà, ïðåäëàãàåìàÿ

3/2014 ÏPÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÎÅ È ÃPÀÆÄÀÍCÊÎÅ CÒPÎÈÒÅËÜCÒÂÎ 81

ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ

Ðèñ. 2. Îáùèé âèä Ðèñ. 3. Çàãðóæåíèå Ðèñ. 4. Äèàãðàììû äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ

óñòàíîâêè òåíçîìåòðè÷åñêîé òðóáû ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ îáðàçöîâ

EuroCode 2 [10], – ýòî áèëèíåéíàÿ äèàãðàììà äåôîðìè- íà îòíîñèòåëüíîé äåôîðìàöèè ñæàòèÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò íå áîëåå 0,0033,
äëÿ îñåâîãî ñæàòèÿ ðàâíà e0; ¤ c – ðàñ÷åòíîå çíà÷åíèå ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ
ðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà ïðè ñæàòèè áåòîíà îñåâîìó ñæàòèþ (òàáëè÷íîå çíà÷åíèå); ¤ cu, k – õàðàêòåðèñòè-
ì ec
ï¤ cd ; 0 £ e b £ eñ 3 ÷åñêîå (íîðìàòèâíîå) çíà÷åíèå ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ áåòîíà ñæàòèþ êóáîâ
sc = í ec 3 , (òàáëè÷íîå çíà÷åíèå); n – êîýôôèöèåíò, ïðèíèìàåìûé íå áîëåå 2.
ïî¤ cd ; eñ 3 £ e b £ eñu 3  áðàçèëüñêîì ABNT NBR 6118 – 2003 [4] îïèñàíèå
äèàãðàììû äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà ïðåäñòàâëåíî âû-
ãäå eñ3 è eñu3 – çíà÷åíèÿ îòíîñèòåëüíûõ äåôîðìàöèé (òàáëè÷íûå
çíà÷åíèÿ). ðàæåíèåì:
 FIB Model Code 2010 [17] íåëèíåéíàÿ äèàãðàììà é æ e ö ù
2
äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ âûðàæåíà òîé æå çàâèñèìîñòüþ, ÷òî è sc = 0,85¤ cd ê1 - ç1 - c ÷ ú, ïðè ec £ 0,002;
êë è 0,002 ø ú
â EuroCode 2 [10]. Íåáîëüøèå êîððåêòèðîâêè ñäåëàíû â û
íàõîæäåíèè êîýôôèöèåíòà k: sc = 0,85¤ cd , ïðè 0,002 £ ec £ 0,0035,
k = E ci E c1 ,
ãäå ¤ cd – ðàñ÷åòíîå çíà÷åíèå ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ áåòîíà îñåâîìó ñæàòèþ
ãäå Eci è Ec1 – òàáëè÷íûå çíà÷åíèÿ. (òàáëè÷íîå çíà÷åíèå).
Ñðåäè ïàðàáîëè÷åñêè ëèíåéíûõ äèàãðàìì, ïðåäñòàâ- Åùå îäíà ôîðìà çàïèñè ïàðàáîëè÷åñêè ëèíåéíîé
ëåííûõ â çàðóáåæíûõ íîðìàòèâíûõ äîêóìåíòàõ, ìîæíî äèàãðàììû äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà äàíà â ÿïîíñêîì
îòìåòèòü íåêîòîðûå ñâîäû ïðàâèë è ñòàíäàðòû ðàñ÷åòà ñòàíäàðòå JSCE-2007 [19]:
æåëåçîáåòîííûõ êîíñòðóêöèé. Ïðèâåäåì ïðèìåðû.
 èíäèéñêîì IS-456-2000 [16] íàïðÿæåíèå ïðè ñæàòèè ec¢ æ e¢ ö
áåòîíà ìîæåò áûòü âû÷èñëåíî èç ñëåäóþùèõ âûðàæåíèé: sc = k1 ¤ cd ç2 - c ÷, ïðè ec £ 0,002;
0,002 è 0,002 ø
0,67 ¤ ck é æ e ö ù
n
sc = ê1 - çç1 - c ÷÷ ú, ïðè ec £ e 0 ; 155- ¤ ck
¢
sc = 0,85¤ cd , ïðè 0,002 £ ec £ ecu
¢ = .
gm ê è e0 ø ú 30000
ë û
0,67 ¤ ck  íîâîì íîðìàòèâíîì äîêóìåíòå Óêðàèíû (ÄÁÍ
sc = , ïðè ec £ e 0 £ ecu , Â.2.6-98:2009 [9]) ïðåäëàãàþòñÿ äâå ôîðìû çàïèñè îïè-
gm
ñàíèÿ íàïðÿæåíèÿ ñæàòîãî áåòîíà â âèäå êðèâîëèíåé-
ãäå fck – õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêîå (íîðìàòèâíîå) çíà÷åíèå ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ
áåòîíà öèëèíäðîâ (ñîîòíîøåíèå 2:1) ñæàòèþ; gm – êîýôôèöèåíò íà-
íûõ äèàãðàìì äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ. Ïåðâàÿ – ñòåïåííàÿ
äåæíîñòè, ïðèíèìàåìûé ðàâíûì 1,5. ôóíêöèÿ èìååò âèä:
 êèòàéñêîì ñòàíäàðòå GB50010-2002 [15] ñâÿçü ìåæ- 5
äó íàïðÿæåíèÿìè ïðè ñæàòèè èëè ðàñòÿæåíèè áåòîíà è sb = ¤ (ck ),(cd ) å ak hk .
k =1
äåôîðìàöèÿìè îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ èç ñëåäóþùèõ âûðàæåíèé:
Âòîðàÿ – êðèâîëèíåéíàÿ äèàãðàììà ïîâòîðÿåò ïðåä-
é æ ec ö ù
n
ëîæåíèÿ, èçëîæåííûå â EuroCode 2 [10], ñ íåçíà÷èòåëü-
sc = ¤ c ê1 - çç1 - ÷÷ ú, ïðè ec £ e 0 ; íûìè èçìåíåíèÿìè:
êë è e0 ø ú
û
1 sc kh - h2 e 1,05E cd ec1,cd
sc =¤ c , ïðè e 0 £ ec £ ecu n = 2 - (¤ cu ,k -50); = ; h= c ;k = .
60 ¤ (ck ),(cd ) 1 + (k - 2)h ec1 ¤ ck, prism
e0 = 0,002 + 0, 5(¤ cu ,k -50) × 10 -5 , ecu = 0,0033 - (¤ cu ,k -50) × 10 -5 ,
ãäå e0 – âåëè÷èíà îòíîñèòåëüíîé äåôîðìàöèè ñæàòèÿ ïðè íàïðÿæå- Îïèñàíèå ñâÿçè ìåæäó íàïðÿæåíèÿìè ïðè ñæàòèè èëè
íèè, ðàâíîì ¤ c , ïðèíèìàåòñÿ íå áîëåå 0,002; ecu – ïðåäåëüíàÿ âåëè÷è- ðàñòÿæåíèè áåòîíà è äåôîðìàöèÿìè, ïðåäñòàâëåííîå â

82 ÏPÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÎÅ È ÃPÀÆÄÀÍCÊÎÅ CÒPÎÈÒÅËÜCÒÂÎ 3/2014


áåëîðóññêèõ ñòðîèòåëüíûõ íîðìàõ ÑÍÁ 5.03.01-02 [8],
òàêæå îñíîâàíî íà ìåòîäèêå EuroCode 2 [10]:
sc kh - h2 e , E cm,n ec1
11
= ; h= c ;k = .
¤ cm 1 + (k - 2)h ec1 ¤ cm
Ñâîäíûé ãðàôèê äèàãðàìì äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà
ïî ìåòîäèêàì ðàçëè÷íûõ íîðìàòèâíûõ äîêóìåíòîâ
ïðåäñòàâëåí íà ðèñ. 1.
Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, ïðîâîäèìûå â
ÑÃÀÑÓ, ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî ïðè èñïûòàíèè áåòîííûõ êåðíîâ
íà ñæàòèå â òåíçîìåòðè÷åñêîé òðóáå (ðèñ. 2 è 3) ãðàôèê
èçìåíåíèÿ íàïðÿæåíèÿ â îáðàçöå ïðè îòíîñèòåëüíûõ
äåôîðìàöèÿõ, áëèçêèõ ê ïðåäåëüíûì, èìååò ÿâíî âûðà-
æåííóþ íèñïàäàþùóþ âåòâü [20–23]. Äèàãðàììû äå-
ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ îáðàçöîâ è äèàãðàì-
ìà äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ Ã. Â. Ìóðàøêèíà è Â. Ã. Ìóðàøêèíà
[24] ïðåäñòàâëåíû íà ðèñ. 4.
Ë È Ò Å Ð À Ò Ó Ð À
1. CAN/CSA-A23.3-04. Design of Concrete Structures. Onta-
rio. 2004. 214 p.
2. AS 3600-2001. Australian Standard. Concrete Structures.
Sydney, 2001. 175 p.
3. SNI-03-2847-2002. Standar Nasional Indonesia. Tata Cara Per-
hitungan Struktur Beton Untuk Bangunan Gedung. Bandung,
2002. 278 p.
4. TS 500-2000 (ICS 91.080.40). Turkish Standard. Betonarme
yapilarin tasarim ve yapim kurallari. Requirements for design
and construction of reinforced concrete structures. Ankara,
2000. 75 p.
5. ACI 318M-08. Building Code Requirements for Structural
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reinforced concrete members // University of Illinois Bulletin.
1951. Vol. 49. ¹ 22. 128 p.
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öèè. Ì., 1997. 148 ñ.
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öèè. Ìèíñê, 2003. 140 ñ.
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Kiåâ, 2011. 70 ñ.
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structures – Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings. Brus-
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11. TCXDVN-356-2005. Concrete and reinforced concrete struc-
tures. Design standard, 2005. 177 p.
12. ASTM C39/C39M–05. Standard Test Method for Compres-
sive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. American
Society for Testing and Materials, 2006. 7 p.
13. EN 12390-3:2002. Testing hardened concrete – part 3:
Compressive strength of test specimens. CEN. Brussels,
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14. ABNT NBR 6118 – 2003. Norma Brasileira. Projeto de estrutu-
ras de concreto – Procedimento (Design of structural concre-
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R E F E R E N C E S
1. CAN/CSA-A23.3-04. Design of Concrete Structures. Onta- 2. AS 3600-2001. Australian Standard. Concrete Structures.
rio, 2004. 214 p. Sydney, 2001. 175 p.
3/2014 ÏPÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÎÅ È ÃPÀÆÄÀÍCÊÎÅ CÒPÎÈÒÅËÜCÒÂÎ
ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ
Âûâîä
Êàê âèäíî èç ïðåäñòàâëåííûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, ñóùåñòâó-
þò ðàçëè÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî îïèñàíèþ äèàãðàìì äå-
ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà ïðè ñæàòèè – êðèâîëèíåéíûå, ïà-
ðàáîëè÷åñêè ëèíåéíûå, áèëèíåéíûå. Âñå îíè ñ ðàçíîé
ñòåïåíüþ òî÷íîñòè îöåíèâàþò ñâÿçü ìåæäó íàïðÿæåíèÿ-
ìè â áåòîíå ñ îòíîñèòåëüíûìè äåôîðìàöèÿìè, âîçíèêà-
þùèìè â íåì.
Ðàçóìååòñÿ, äëÿ áîëåå ïîëíîãî îïèñàíèÿ è îöåíêè
íàïðÿæåííî-äåôîðìèðîâàííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ êîíñòðóêöèè
öåëåñîîáðàçíî èñïîëüçîâàòü êðèâîëèíåéíûå äèàãðàì-
ìû äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ, ïðåäëîæåííûå âûøå. Óïðîùåí-
íûå äèàãðàììû äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ óäîáíû äëÿ ïðîñòûõ
ðàñ÷åòîâ, íå òðåáóþùèõ âûñîêîé òî÷íîñòè.
Êàê ïîêàçàëà ïðàêòèêà, òåîðåòè÷åñêèå ðàñ÷åòû ñ ïðè-
ìåíåíèåì êðèâîëèíåéíûõ äèàãðàìì ñ íèñïàäàþùåé âåò-
âüþ íàèáîëåå äîñòîâåðíî îïèñûâàþò ðåàëüíóþ ðàáîòó
áåòîíà â êîíñòðóêöèè.
15. GB50010-2002. National Standard of the people’s republic
of China. Code of Design of Concrete Structures. Beijing,
2002. 357 p.
16. IS-456-2000. Indian standard. Plain and Reinforced concrete –
code of practice (Fourth Revision). New Delhi, 2000. 100 p.
17. FIB Model Code 2010.Vol.1. Final Draft. Fib bulletin 55.
2010. 293 p.
18. CEB-FIP Model Code (1990). Lausanne. Switzerland, 1991.
460 p.
19. JSCE-2007. Standard specifications for concrete structures.
Design. Tokyo, 2010. 469 p.
20. Ïèùóëåâ À. À. Èçãèáàåìûå æåëåçîáåòîííûå ýëåìåíòû
ñ íåîäíîðîäíûìè ïðî÷íîñòíûìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè áå-
òîíà ñæàòîé çîíû // Áåòîí è æåëåçîáåòîí. 2010. ¹ 2.
Ñ. 23–26.
21. Ìóðàøêèí, Ã. Â., Ïèùóëåâ À. À. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå äåôîð-
ìàöèîííûõ ìîäåëåé äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ íåñóùåé ñïîñîáíî-
ñòè æåëåçîáåòîííûõ èçãèáàåìûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ñ êîððîçè-
îííûìè ïîâðåæäåíèÿìè ñæàòîé çîíû áåòîíà // Èçâåñ-
òèÿ ÎðåëÃÒÓ. Ñåð. Ñòðîèòåëüñòâî è ðåêîíñòðóêöèÿ.
2009. ¹ 6. Ñ. 36–42.
22. Ìóðàøêèí Ã. Â., Ìóðàøêèí Â. Ã., Ïàíôèëîâ Ä. À. Ïðè-
ìåíåíèå ïðîãðàììíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ äëÿ óòî÷íåííîãî ðàñ-
÷åòà ïðîãèáîâ æåëåçîáåòîííûõ ýëåìåíòîâ // Internati-
onal Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Enginee-
ring. 2012. Ò. 8. ¹ 4. Ñ. 89–95.
23. Murashkin G., Panfilov D., Murashkin V. An Improved
Technique of Calculating Deflections of Flexural Reinforced
Concrete Elements Made of Conventional and High-Strenght
Concrete // Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture.
USA. Feb. 2013. Vol. 7, no. 2 (Serial number 63),
pp. 125–131.
24. Ìóðàøêèí Ã. Â., Ìóðàøêèí Â. Ã. Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå äèà-
ãðàììû äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ áåòîíà è ñõåìû íàïðÿæåííî-
äåôîðìèðîâàííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ // Èçâåñòèÿ âóçîâ. Ñòðîè-
òåëüñòâî. 1997. ¹ 10. Ñ. 4.
83
ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ
3. SNI-03-2847-2002. Standar Nasional Indonesia. Tata Cara Per-
hitungan Struktur Beton Untuk Bangunan Gedung. Bandung,
2002. 278 p.
4. TS 500-2000 (ICS 91.080.40). Turkish Standard. Betonarme
yapilarin tasarim ve yapim kurallari. Requirements for design
and construction of reinforced concrete structures. Ankara,
2000. 75 p.
5. ACI 318M-08. Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete and Commentary, 2008. 479 p.
6. Hognestad E. A study of combined bending and axial load
in reinforced concrete members. University of Illinois Bulle-
tin, 1951, vol. 49, no. 22, 128 p.
7. KMK 2.03.01-96. Betonnie i zhelezobetonnie konstruktsii
[Concrete and reinforced concrete structures]. Moscow,
1997. 148 p. (In Russian).
8. SNB 5.03.01-02. Betonnie i zhelezobetonnie konstruktsii
[Concrete and reinforced concrete structures]. Minsk,
2003.140 p. (In Russian).
9. ÄÁÍ Â.2.6-98:2009. Áåòîííi òà çàëiçîáåòîííi êîíñòðóêöii.
Kiåâ. 2011. 70 p. (In Ukrainian).
10. Eurocode 2, prEN 1992-1 (Final draft). Design of concrete
structures – Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings.
Brussels, 2001. 54 p.
11. TCXDVN-356-2005. Concrete and reinforced concrete
structures. Design standard, 2005. 177 p.
12. ASTM C39/C39M–05. Standard Test Method for Compres-
sive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. American
Society for Testing and Materials, 2006. 7 p.
13. EN 12390-3:2002. Testing hardened concrete – part 3:
Compressive strength of test specimens. CEN. Brussels,
2001. 15 p.
14. ABNT NBR 6118 – 2003. Norma Brasileira. Projeto de estrutu-
84
ras de concreto – Procedimento [Design of structural concre-
te – Procedure]. Rio de Janeiro, 2004. 221 p.
15. GB50010-2002. National Standard of the people’s republic
of China. Code of Design of Concrete Structures. Beijing,
2002. 357 p.
16. IS-456-2000. Indian standard. Plain and Reinforced concrete –
code of practice (Fourth Revision). New Delhi, 2000. 100 p.
17. FIB Model Code 2010. Vol. 1. Final Draft. Fib bulletin 55.
2010. 293 p.
18. CEB-FIP Model Code (1990). Lausanne. Switzerland, 1991.
460 p.
19. JSCE-2007. Standard specifications for concrete structures.
Design. Tokyo, 2010. 469 p.
20. Pishulev A.A. Flexural concrete elements with similar strength
properties of concrete compressed zone. Beton i zhelezo-
beton, 2010, no. 2, pp. 23–26. (In Russian).
21. Murashkin G. V., Pishulev A. A. Using deformation models to
determine the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete flexural
members with corrosion damages of concrete compressed
zone. Izhvestiya OrelGTY. Seriya Stroitel`stvo I rekonstruk-
tsiya, 2009, no. 6, pp. 36–42. (In Russian).
22. Murashkin G. V., Murashkin V. G., Panfilov D.A. Application
software systems for refined calculations of deflections of rein-
forced concrete elements. International Journal for Compu-
tational Civil and Structural Engineering, 2012, vol. 8, no. 4,
pp. 89–95. (In Russian).
23. Murashkin G., Panfilov D., Murashkin V. An Improved Techni-
que of Calculating Deflections of Flexural Reinforced Concrete
Elements Made of Conventional and High-Strenght Concrete.
Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. USA. Feb.
2013, vol. 7, no. 2 (Serial no. 63), pp. 125–131.
24. Murashkin G.V., Murashkin V.G. Simulation diagram and
schemes of concrete deformation stress-strain state. Izvestiya
vuzhov. Stroitel`stvo, 1997, no. 10, pp. 4. (In Russian). n
ÏPÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÎÅ È ÃPÀÆÄÀÍCÊÎÅ CÒPÎÈÒÅËÜCÒÂÎ 3/2014