Valance Bond Theory (VBT):

This theory was developed by Heitler and London in 1927.In 1931, this theory was modified by
Pauling and Slater. This theory explains the formation of covalent bond,
i) A covalent bond is formed by the overlapping of partially filled orbitals of two atoms.
ii) Overlapping orbitals must have electrons with opposite spin.
iii) Atoms involved in bond formation should have unpaired electrons.
iv) The number of covalent bonds formed by an atom would be equal to the number of half-filled
orbital.
v) Resulting molecular orbital is obtained by the combination of the two wave functions (AOs)
of two unpaired electrons.
vi) Atoms that are involved in bond formation maintain their identity.