My report

In
Translation and Editing
of the Texts

Submitted by:
Holasca, Mary Jane T.
Submitted to:
Sir Archie Redubla
15th Century

 The trip to Byzantine scholars Gemistus Pletho to Florence, Italy, pioneered the revival
of the Greek Learning in Western Europe.
 During this council, Pletho met Cosimo de Medici, the ruler of Florence and a great
patron of learning and arts.
 Ficinos work and Erasmus Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to
translation.
 The great age of the English prose translation began in the late 15 th century with
Thomas Malory’s “Le Morte d’Arthur” (1485), a free translation / adaptation of
Arthurian romances about the legendary of King Arthur, as well as Guinevere and
Lancelot.
 Thomas Malory “ interpreted” existing French and English stories about these figures
while adding original material for example of this is the Gareth story as one of the
Round Table.

16th Century
 The Tyndale New Testament (1525) is considered as the first great Tudor translations
named after William Tyndale.
 This translation was also the first Bible translation to work directly from Hebre to Greek
text.
 Martin Luther, a German professor of theology, was a seminal figure in the Protestant
Reformation, and translated the Bible into German. He was the first European to assess
that one translates satisfactorily only toward his own language.
 Along with the “Luther Bible” in German in 1522-34 two major translations were the:
“JAKUB WUJEK BIBLE” in Polish (1535)
“KING JAMES BIBLE” in English (1604-11)
With lasting effects on the religion, laguage, and culture of the respective countries.
 The same period of time the Bible was also translated into:
DUTCH (1526) Jacob Van Lisevelt
FRENCH (1528) Jaques Lefevere d’etaples
SPANISH (1569) Casiodoro de Reina
SLOVEN (1584) Jurij Dalmatn

17th Century

 During this century “ faithfulness “ and “ transparency “ comes.

 FAITHFULNESS- the extent to which translation accurately renders the meaning of the
source text without any distortion.
TRANSPARENCY- the extent to which the translation appears to a native speaker of the
target language to have originally been written in the language.

18th Century
 Johann Gottfried Herder assess that translator should translate toward (and not from)
his own language that was also expressed by Martin Luther. But there was still not much
concern for accuracy.

19th Century

 This century brought new standards for accuracy and style. In regard to accuracy, as
observed by J. M. Cohen, the policy became “ the text , the whole text, and nothing but
the text ” with the addition of intensive footnotes.In regard to style, its aim was to
constantly remind readers that they were reading a foreign classic.
 YAN FU (1898) a chinese scholar and translator developed his three-facet theory of
translation.
FAITHFULNESS- example be true to the original spirit.
EXPRESSIVENESS- example be accessible to the target reader.
ELEGANCE- example be in the language the target reader accepts as being educated.
-according to him in order in order to facilitate comprehension, the word order should be
change examples may replace English ones and even peoples names should be rendered
Chinese.