1.

Because of the latest technological devices that bring the videos closer to the audience as
opposed to a conventional TV set, what must the creator now do differently?
The creator must choose different shots to keep the viewer interested. Moving the camera
helps bring the story to live rather then it being stationary. Everyone is on the same page
and schedule.
2. What do experienced producers and directors do when maintaining their production
schedule?
They need to make lots of notes and make sure everyone is doing what they are supposed to
be doing. They schedule large blocks of time and various dates. Everything is written in
detail so that they can keep on track.
3. What are picture aesthetics and why does the author feel you need a basic knowledge of
them?
They are ways to frame static or moving objects. It is important to know because it gives
off an energy that the viewer will receive. Everything with the camera movements and the
things that are happening in the shot is part of the aesthetic.
4. What is a production schedule and how is it used?
It is to set up an effective timeline for production. It is used to make sure everyone is doing
what they're supposed to be doing and staying on track.
5. What is the most commonly used shot in video production? Why?
The close-up shot is the most commonly used in video production.
6. What are the differences between the above-the-line and below-the-line personnel?
The above-the-line people are the ones who do preproduction and supervise others. The
below-the-line people are the ones who work in production and postproduction.
7. What is the purpose of placing a single vertical element off-center when shooting a wide
scenic shot?
It helps giver more of a visual element and makes it look more dynamic than rather exactly
in the middle.
8. What are the three stages of production and who is involved in each stage?
Preproduction, production, and post-production. The people that work in pre-production
are the people who plan everything. The production team is the one who makes it all
happen. They are able to make the actual video and sound come to life. Post-production
people look over and make sure it looks neat and polish it up. They are the ones who put
everything together.
9. What is a horizon line and why would you ever want to use a tilted horizon line?
A horizon line is a distinct visual. The background lines are parallel to the upper and lower
screen. You would want to use a tilted horizon line for more aesthetic energy.
10. When should you zoom in and when should you dolly in? Why? Be sure to use your own
example.
 When you want to show an important message on a phone you would zoom in then
dolly. It's able to grab the viewer’s attention. You would dolly to see an empty chair
rather than zoom because it gives the lonely effect. Other examples would be to
zoom for an effect that something is getting closer or farther away. A dolly is more
helpful to get an effect that it is passing by

11. Describe what a visual paradox is using your own example.

Things placed in a certain way that gives off an illusion but cannot actually happen. An
example would be accidentally placing things that blend or combine with the background
to look like one object that is connected.

12. Define and explain the term “z-axis”.

It is the most flexible screen dimension. You place objects and people along the axis to show
the depth. It appears to be longer than it is and the object looks compressed.
13. Explain how the “f-stop” setting of a camera lens can influence the depth of the field.
The smaller the number then the shallow the depth is which is a larger aperture. The
smaller aperture has a large depth of field.
14. Explain why you would most want to use a greater depth of field when shooting?
You need it if you want everything in the shot to be in focus.
15. What can be the result of poor quality camera movement? What are the alternatives to
using the unmotivated camera movement?
It can initiate nausea and it can be very annoying. It is the person’s fault for the shakiness.
But it also can help detect a point of view

16. What is psychological closure and how might it apply to you as a videographer?
It fills in missing visual information. You are able to imagine the parts you don’t see in the
frame. It can be helpful to know how to set off the frame and what you want your viewer to
visualize what’s missing.
17. What does “blocking” mean and how is it accomplished?
Blocking means to stage and set people in certain positions. They then are supposed to
move in a certain way.
18. Define and explain the purpose of the headroom, lead room, and nose room.
Headroom means to have a comfortable space between the frame and the head of the
person. The lead Room is similar to headroom. Lead Room is the space between while a
person is walking it gives space to show that they are walking and not have it look like they
are walking out of frame. Lead Room is also known as nose room
19. What is the difference between technical and non-technical production personnel?
Nontechnical production is people that are above the line like producers, directors, talent,
and writers. Technical production is below the line, so the artists, managers, and designers.
 20. Define and explain the different types of vectors.
Vectors are directional forces. There are graphic vectors which have leading lines that
make your eyes follow the line to the object. Index vectors are someone pointing which
makes your eyes look in those directions. Motion vectors are objects that are actually in
motion.
21. What does it mean to “pass-the-buck” as part of a production team? Please provide an
example of how this may have occurred during the production of one or more of your
group video projects.
The saying means that the team is not working together. An example of it would be when
we worked on the news show, we weren’t working as a team and it led to a lot of
miscommunication.
22. What specific things do you have to consider when framing a shot?
It is important to make sure there is enough breathing room in the shot and the frame is
able to be moved swiftly.
23. What is a green room and what is it used for?
It is a comfy room for quick meetings. It is a space to go over the plans and program
24. When working at a news station as a reporter (broadcast journalist), why should you not
always go for the sensational shot? How would you apply this same philosophy to your
own video/TV projects?
Stay away from those shots because it does not always tell the story. The shots don’t help
move the story along. This can be applied by always changing angles and making the
framing and shots different so it keeps the viewer interested.
25. Define and explain the following terms: Bust Shot, Knee Shot, and Cross Shot.
A bust shot is the upper part of the subject is in the frame. The knee shot is their knees and
up is in the frame and a cross-shot is showing one or the other person and it is near them
but you can’t see the person it is near.