ASSIGNMENT

ON
BUSINESS RESEARCH
METHODS

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Dr. Sandeep Aggrawal Akash (2007)
Question1. To what extent do you think that the use of hypotheses is
relevant to social research?
Formulate two or three hypotheses that relate to your own areas of
interest and consider the factor that might affect their validity.

Ans- HYPOTHESES : - These are the assumptions through which we can prove or
disprove something with the help of research.

There are some uses of Hypothesis in Social Research are

 Research is conducted under the guidance of hypothesis.
 Complex problems can't be solved with one technique. The hypothesis can
provide multiple techniques to the researcher to unravel complex problems.
 Accuracy and precision are the most important features of hypothesis which is
required for a scientific investigation.
 The formulation of hypothesis separates the relevant information from
irrelevant information.
 Hypothesis provides knowledge and direction of the research to the researcher
 Hypothesis provides the difference between truth and therefore the false
researches.
 As hypothesis guides the researcher during a proper direction, it saves time,
money and energy.
 A well-formulated hypothesis provides good, reasonable and proper
conclusions.

Hypothesis plays vital roles in research project, social research, business

research, education etc. The main role of hypothesis in research project is to
predict the results of the longer term experiments from the hypothesis. Then
perform the experiments to see whether the predictions are supported by the
hypothesis.
In social research, the research starts with assumptions and then conclusions
are drawn from the formulated hypothesis. In business research, hypothesis
helps the decision-makers to get new and better ways to achieve the business
goals. It serves as a guidepost between testing and research methods.

Types of Research Hypotheses

Before scientists can begin working on a question that interests them, they need
to formulate a research hypothesis. This is an important step in the scientific
method because it determines the direction of the study. Scientists got to
scrutinize previous add the world and choose an experimental design to use that
helps them find data that either supports or rejects their hypothesis. There are
four sorts of hypothesis scientists can use in their experimental designs: null,
directional, non directional and causal hypotheses. The hypothesis chosen by
researchers will influence the planning of the study or experiment they are going
on to perform, and can direct the way that the study's results are communicated in
academic papers.
The Conventional Null Hypothesis
This is the conventional approach to making a prediction. It involves a press
release that says there's no relationship between two groups that the researcher
compares on a particular variable. The hypothesis also may state that there's no
significant difference when different groups are compared with reference to a
specific variable. For example, "There isn't any difference within the tutorial
performance of high school students who participate in extracurricular activities
and other people who don't participate in such activities” may be a null
hypothesis. In many cases, the aim of a null hypothesis is to permit the
experimental results to contradict the hypothesis and prove the purpose that
there's or isn't a definite relationship between two variables. This allows for
further study into a subject, and allows researchers to identify which variables are
or aren't affecting a relationship – as the answer to a null hypothesis can eliminate
a variable from consideration in future research.

The Exploratory No directional Hypothesis

Certain hypothesis statements convey a relationship between the variables that
the researcher compares, but don't specify the precise nature of this relationship.
This form of hypothesis is employed in studies where there's no sufficient past
research on which to base a prediction. Continuing with the same example, a no
directional hypothesis would read, “The academic performance of high school
students is claimed to their participation in extracurricular activities.” A no
directional hypothesis is beneficial when researchers are starting to examine the
relationship between two variables: it leaves ample room for researchers to
determine whether there is a positive, negative, or lack of correlation between
two studied variables and use that result to launch further research projects.

The Trend-Based Directional Hypothesis

This type of hypothesis suggests the result the investigator expects at the top of
the study. Scientific journal articles generally use this type of hypothesis. The
investigator bases this hypothesis on the trends apparent from previous research
on this topic. Considering the previous example, a researcher may state the
hypothesis as, “High school students who participate in extracurricular activities
have a lower GPA than people who don't participate in such activities.” Such
hypotheses provide a specific direction to the prediction. These predictions
provide easy metrics to work out whether the hypothesis is valid or invalid – but
also run the danger of being adversely suffering from confirmation bias when a
researcher is decided to prove their prediction right no matter actual results.

Influence Degrees and the Causal Hypothesis

Some studies involve a measurement of the degree of influence of 1 variable on
another. In such cases, the researcher states the hypothesis in terms of the effect
of variations during a particular factor on another factor. This causal hypothesis is
claimed to be vicariate because it specifies two aspects – the cause and therefore
the effect. For the instance mentioned, the causal hypothesis will state, “High
school students who participate in extracurricular activities spend less time
studying which ends up during a lower GPA.” When verifying such hypotheses,
the researcher must use statistical techniques to demonstrate the presence of a
relationship between the cause and effect. Such hypotheses also need the
researcher to rule out the likelihood that the effect may be a result of a cause
aside from what the study has examined