‫جامعة بنها‬

‫كلية الطب البيطري‬

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kind and importance of litter material for chicken

:‫عنوان البحث‬
farm
:‫اسم الطالب‬
Mohammed Ismail Abdul Samad Ismail Hegazy
Behavior :‫المادة‬
2254 :‫رقم الجلوس‬
Mohamed18378@fvtm.bu.eg :‫البريد التعليمي‬
01277952085 :‫رقم التلفون‬

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
  Poultry litter
 Bedding materials
 Litter re-utilization
 Uses Poultry litter

INTRODUCTION

Poultry litter or broiler litter could be a mixture of poultry litter and

fodder distributed on the bottom, and feathers and materials used as poultry
litter. This term is additionally accustomed ask unused bedding materials.
Poultry litter is employed in confined buildings employed in broiler rearing.
Common bedding materials embody wood, peanut structures, grated sugar
cane, straw and different cheap dry and absorbent organic materials. Sand is
typically used as a spreader. Bedding materials absorb wet, that reduces

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ammonia production . (1)

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

There are specific steps that must be taken to preserve the materials used as
bedding once they need been properly removed and so as to preserve the
health of poultry and amplify the assembly method of the
herd. many factors should be thought of in managing palm litter together
with time of year, depth of litter, floor house for every bird, feeding
practices, disease, floor type, and ventilation, Irrigation instrumentation,
litter modifications, and even the worth of
potential fertiliser litter once taking it out. Most poultry area unit mature on

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dirt floors with some kinds of bedding. Concrete floors and a
few specialised floors area unit utilized in some facilities. In several regions
of the us, pine wood or different softwood has traditionally been the well-
liked bedding for poultry production. Regionally, different materials
were bedding most popular thanks
to regional price and availableness, like rice structures in poultry production
areas on the river in Arkansas and Mississippi.(2)

Bedding materials :

Farmers choose from totally different bedding materials once 

deciding that bedding to use, together with the worth of materials utilized
in butterflies, and also the absorption property should be out there within
the material used, because it should be exhausting, and also the material 
ought to even have helpful use once it's downloaded. Since if it's not
usable once use, poultry farmers can ought to get eliminate uncontrollable
amounts of bedding. massive accumulations of unused hold on garbage for
extended periods of your time square measure environmentally unacceptable
.even on alittle scale and can not be property  from AN industrial perspective

Bedding should not be toxic to poultry or farms. It should also not be

appropriate for the growth of the litter beetle, the impact on livestock, pets,
wildlife, and even plants should also be taken into account. As poultry can
consume up to 4% of its diet from the resources used for bedding, therefore,
any bedding materials should not contain contaminants, such as pesticides or
minerals. Because this amount affects negatively on poultry, as eating
pollutants affects the behavior of birds and also affects their production. (2)
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Odour emissions from poultry litter:
Smells from chicken coop can affect the surrounding communities. Where
garbage is the main source of this smell. The formation and emission of
odors from chicken waste during the growing period is influenced by various
factors such as garbage conditions, environment, microbial activity, odor gas
properties and management practices. Smell emissions vary in place and
time.(3)

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  Re-use of poultry letter

a) Use as fertilizer: The traditional use of poultry litter is as fertilizer. As

with other compost, the fertilizer value for poultry litter is excellent, but
it is less concentrated than chemical fertilizers, giving it a relatively low
value per ton. This makes it uneconomical to charge long distances, and
tends to lose the nitrogen value somewhat quickly. Its value extraction
requires that it be used on nearby farms. This limits the resale value in
areas where there are more poultry farms than suitable adjacent
agricultural land. Poultry litter is also a source of crop nutrients, and
contains a high level of nutrients such as N, P, and C. (4) (5)

b) Use as cattle feed: The use of poultry litter as food for beef is

legal within the u.s. before 1967, the utilization of poultry litter
as cows feed was unregulated however that year the authority issued a
policy statement that poultry litter offered in interstate commerce as
animal feed was adulterate, effectively prohibition the apply. In
1980, authority reversed this policy and passed regulation of litter to the
states. In Dec 2003, in response to the detection of bovine
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spongiform brain disease (mad cow disease) in an
exceedingly cow within the state of Washington,
the authority proclaimed plans to place in situ a poultry litter ban. as a
result of poultry litter will contain recycled cows proteins as either spilled
feed or feed that has more matured the vertebrate gut,
the authority was involved that feeding litter would be a pathway for
spreading mad cow unwellness. In 2004, authority set to require a a lot
of comprehensive approach to animal disease that may take away the
foremost infectious proteins from all animal feeds.
The authority set at this time that a litter ban
was supernumerary partly supported comments by the
North yank Rendering trade. In 2005, the authority printed a planned rule
that didn't embody a litter ban and in 2008 the
ultimate rule didn't embody the ban either.(6) (7)

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c) Use as fuel: There are presently several power plants within the uk,
and additional recently within the u. s. of America, that uses poultry litter
as a primary fuel. The world's 1st 3 were developed by Fibro watt
Ltd within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, supported by Simon Fraser, World Health Organization is
ready OBE for his contribution to renewable energy. .

SUMMARY

Bedding materials used in poultry raising are important because they provide
health for poultry and amplify the production process, and then they can be
used after using them either as a biological fertilizer for agricultural land or
as feed for livestock or as a source of energy generation.

REFERENCES

1.  "Alternative Litter Materials for Growing Poultry Industry"  (PDF). Archived from the
original  (PDF)  on June 30, 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2012

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 2.  "Causes and Prevention of Wet Litter in Broiler Houses"  (PDF). Retrieved  September
14,  2012
3. Benjamin H. Lowe, ... Sonal Choudhary In Press, Corrected Proof,
Available online 8 April 2020
4. Poultry Industry Frequently Asked Questions". U.S Poultry & Egg Association.
Retrieved September 14, 2012.
5.  "Poultry Litter amendments"  (PDF). Retrieved  September 14,  2012.

6.  https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Feb03/020603/8004e16b.html

7.  Carter, Thomas A.; Poore, Matt (1995),  Deep Stacking Broiler Litter As A Feed For Beef
Cattle, North Carolina State University: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, DRO-
49, archived from  the original on 2011-06-06, retrieved 2009-09-01
8. BioMatNet Item: NNE5-1999-00075 - Power plant based on fluidised bed fired with poultry
litter". Biomatnet.org. Archived from the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2013-08-29.