P6B English 2 Guide - Learn Past Tenses, Grammar, Vocabulary and Communication Skills

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Escuela Tecnológica DOCUMENTO CONTROLADO
Instituto Técnico Central
GUÍA DE APRENDIZAJE PARA LAS SEMANAS: 7 – 14

P6A
P6B English 2
1. TEMAS Y SUBTEMAS
A. right place wrong time

Past simple regular and irregular verbs
B. A moment in time
Past continuous
C. fifty years of pop

Questions with and without auxiliaries
D. One October evening
So, because, but although
2. CONOCIMIENTOS PREVIOS
La estructura de la gramática inglesa demanda en los tiempos pasados el uso del

pasado simple con ello vamos a comprender los verbos y sus usos y sus
características como lo son los verbos regulares e irregulares, así mismo como el
pasado continuo con uso del pasado del verbo tobe
3. COMPETENCIA(S) A DESARROLLAR
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Comprensión lectora
Diálogos cortos con base en el orden gramatical haciendo uso del presente simple
4. METODOLOGÍA
Recognize grammatical structures of verbal tenses in English language , in this section the
student are availed of organize short sentences based on tenses previously seen.
Besides in this unit the learning of English show us the present simple tense with the
structure and together working with grammar activities .
The relative causes work besides the meaning the wh questions working in previous topics
as a meaning for questions in this we use the relatives who and which as a connector for
describing places and people
All courses at ETITC are focused on the communicative approach that is based on the idea
that learning language successfully comes through having to communicate real meaning.
When learners are involved in real communication, their natural strategies for language
acquisition will be used, and this will allow them to learn to use the language. For that
reason, practicing question forms by asking learners to find out personal information about
their friends is a good example of this communicative approach, as it involves meaningful
communication. Talking about activities in the classroom, students are involved and guided
by the communicative approach. This one is characterized by trying to produce meaningful
and real communication, at all levels. As a result there may be more emphasis on skills than
systems, lessons are more learner-centered, and there may be use of authentic materials.
5. ACTIVIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE
Videos, puzzles, hidden pictures, printable board games, flash cards, matching games
among others activities are ideal for building confidence and encouraging students to speak
more in class.
Grammar activities
It’s very important for ESL students to master English grammar because it lays the
foundation for writing and speaking. Learning all about adverbs, verbs, punctuation,
plurals, tenses, and adjectives can be scaring but those type of fun activities can be useful
and make lessons more interesting.
Vocabulary Games
To increase the power of language, ESL students should spend some time to improve their
vocabulary. With knowledge of more words, students will be able to understand more of
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the language. There are many ways to learn more words but one of the most effective ways
is through vocabulary games and activities.
Reading, Writing, & Spelling Games
Reading, writing, and spelling are essential skills for ESL students. It takes time to learn to
read, write, and spell, and it may a lifetime to perfect these skills. Nevertheless, it’s good to
build a good foundation because it will serve you well in the long run. With reading,
writing, and spelling games, you will be surprised to find out how much you can improve.
Speaking, Pronunciation & Listening Activities
A great task for ESL students in the United States is to lose their accent, and adapt to
American English. This is true for Asian students from some countries like India, Hong
Kong, Japan, Indonesia, and Singapore who learn English as a second language. Their
spoken English will sound quite different from American English. In this sense, the ESL
students have to work on their speaking, pronunciation, and listening. Here are some
activities on these ESL skills.
5.1 TALLERES Y PRÁCTICAS
The simple past tense

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and
composer. He lived from 1756 to 1791.
He started composing at the age of five years old
and wrote more than 600 pieces of music. He was only 35
years old when he died.
The verbs "was, lived,started, wrote, died" are in the simple

past tense.
Notice that:
 lived, started,died are regular past forms.

 was, wrote are irregular past forms.
Regular verbs:
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The verbs "lived, started, died" are regular past forms. The rule is the following:
Verb + ed
Examples:
The infinitive The simple past

live lived
start started
die died
visit visited
play played
watch watched
phone phoned
marry married
For the spelling of the -ed forms click here.
Irregular verbs:
The verbs "was, wrote" are irregular past forms. "Was" is the simple past of "to be";
"wrote" is the simple past of "write".
More on the simple past of "to be" here.
There is no rule for these verbs. You should learn them by heart.
The infinitive The simple past

be was/were
write wrote
come came
do did
meet met
speak spoke
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As you can see we can not predict the simple past forms of these verbs. They are irregular.
You should learn them by heart. Here is a list of irregular verbs.
The forms of the simple past:
The Affirmative form of the simple past:
I, you, he, she, it, we, they played.

wrote
did.
Examples:
 I played tennis with my friends yesterday.

 I finished lunch and I did my homework.
The interrogative form of the simple past:
Did I, you, he, she, it, we, they play?

write
do?
Examples:
 Did you play basketball yesterday?

 Did you watch television?
 The negative form of the simple past:
I, you, he, she, it, we, they did not/didn't play

write
do
 I didn't like the food in the wedding last Saturday.

 I didn't eat it.
The use of the simple past

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The simple past is used principally to describe events in the past, but it also has some other
uses. Here are the main uses of the simple past.
Finished events in the past
 William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
 Christoph Columbus discovered America in 1492.
 He kissed her and left.
Past habitual action
 I visited them every day for a year.

 I drove to work every day when I worked with that company.
Events that were true for some time in the past
 He lived in Paris for 20 years.

 They talked on the phone for ten minutes.
Remember:
didn't is the short form of did not. You can say either:
 I did not play basketball, or
 I didn't play basketball.
Past continuous
The past continuous tense is used to describe actions that began in the past and often
continued for a short period of time after the action started. This tense describes actions or
events that happened at a specific time in the past. These actions are usually no longer
happening at the time the sentence is being said or written.
Forming the Past Continuous Tense
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The past continuous is formed from the past tense of "to be" with the base of the main verb
plus the ending "-ing" form of the verb.
It is formed like this: Subject + was/were + continuous form of the verb ending in -ing
One example of this tense is: I was watching television when she called me last night. The
past continuous tense is "was watching." Another example of this tense is: We were playing
football when he sprained his wrist last week. The past continuous tense is "were playing."
Examples of the Past Continuous Tense
The following are basic examples of the past continuous tense. The verb tense in each
sentence is underlined.
 When we got to the house yesterday morning, the baby was drinking a bottle.
 He was waiting at home all day when she sent him the message.
 Alan was cutting the grass the other day when the snake appeared.
 I was not sleeping when you got home late last night.
You can also use this tense to make a question. Examples of this use include:
 What were you doing when the alarm went off last night?
 Were you calling me when I emailed you this afternoon?
 What was she doing this time yesterday?
Past continuous tense is often combined with past simple tense. An example of this
combination is: While we were sitting at the stadium, the rain began. The past continuous
tense is "were sitting" and the past simple is "began."
In this combination, the simple past tense interrupted the past progressive tense action. This
pairing shows that something happened in the middle of something else happening.
Past continuous tense can also be used when describing the background of a story written in
the past tense. Examples of this use include:
 The sun was shining brightly when...
 Last month as I was sitting outside...
 The other day I was waiting at the airport when...
 Last week as I was sitting in traffic....
 When the alarm went off yesterday, we were running towards the road...
Past continuous tense can be used when describing an unfinished action that was
interrupted by another action. The action in the past started before the other action and
continued after for a short period of time. Examples of this use include:
 I was having a great conversation with him when his ex-girlfriend interrupted it.
 I was having a terrifying dream when the alarm clock went off at six o'clock this
morning.
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 While we were playing tennis, it started to rain.

 I was listening to my music, so I didn't hear the phone ring.
 While she was sleeping, someone took her phone.
 I was making dinner when he arrived at my house this evening.
Past continuous can also be used to express a change of mind or thought that happened in
the past. Examples of this use include:
 He was going to pack a ham sandwich for lunch but he decided to make a peanut
butter and jelly instead.
 Dan was going to accept the job offer in New York but changed his mind later.
 I was going to spend the afternoon at the mall but decided to stay home instead.
Past continuous tense can be used to show that two actions were going on at the same time
in the past. Neither of these actions are happening in the present. Examples of this use
include:
 Marc was making pizza while Anthony was watching him.
 She was playing the piano while Ann was singing on stage.
 We were sitting outside while the planes were flying overhead.
More Uses to Consider
Past continuous tense can be used with the word "wonder." When using it this way, it is
used as a request. The request is not happening now and was made in the past. Examples of
this use include:
 I was wondering if you could walk the dog for me this evening.
 She was wondering if you could babysit after school today.
 We were wondering if she was able to meet us at noon.
 I was wondering if you could open the door.
Past continuous can be used with the words always, constantly and forever. When using it
this way, it is used to talk about things that happened repeatedly but occurred in the past.
The action is not happening now and was a temporary habit. Examples of this use include:
 Our neighbor was always telling us funny stories about his daughter.
 Grandma was constantly singing songs when she made us breakfast.
 My husband was always talking about friends from school.
 She was always taking all my ideas.
 I was forever worrying if I would make the team.
The Importance of the Past Continuous Tense
The past continuous tense is important since it is used when mentioning actions or events
that happened at a specific time in the past and which are generally no longer are happening
now. This tense can be used alone or can be combined with past simple tense to show that
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an action or event happened in the middle of another action. It gives a sense of the order of
events and when events of the past happened relative to one another
Questions with and without auxiliaries
1
Which one is correct way of asking Questions ? When to ask questions without auxiliary?
Is asking question without Auxiliary is more formal way of asking questions ?
a) Are you Ok? b) You ok ?
a) Did you see that movie? b) You saw that movie ?
a) When did you see that movie ? b) When you saw that movie ?
a) Who did give you this? b ) Who gave you this ?
When forming a question in English, there is what is "correct" and what is more or less
formal. Firstly, you should review how questions are normally formed in English, because
there are several different types.
Dropping the auxiliary verb or using statement order instead of question order is sometimes
done in informal speech, but it's more complicated than that.
a) Are you Ok? b) You ok ?

In this case, a) is correct and formal, and b) is correct in informal speech.
a) Did you see that movie? b) You saw that movie ?

As with your first example, a) is correct and formal, and b) is correct in informal speech.
It's an example of using statement word order as a question.
a) When did you see that movie ? b) When you saw that movie ?
In this case, though, a) is correct and formal, and b) is never correct (except in some
dialects). When asking a when-question, we always use an auxiliary verb if there is another
verb in the sentence: When was the festival? but When do you eat? When will they arrive?
When did she write her book?
a) Who did give you this? b ) Who gave you this ?
Here,
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a) is only correct as an example of the emphatic do, and

b) is the normal question form. You would only use
a) in a case like
Did Mike give you this? No? Well then, who did give you this?
So although because
The conjunctions but and although/though connect ideas that contrast. Whereas is also used

but it is not as common:
The new city hall is amazing but it’s going to cost a lot.
He’s quite short, whereas his sister is tall.

But
But is a coordinating conjunction used to connect ideas that contrast. Coordinating

conjunctions connect items which are the same grammatical type.
main idea contrast
The meal was good expensive.

I want to lose weight I hate diets.
but
Lara cooked roast beef for me I don’t eat meat.
Edinburgh is an interesting place it takes a long time to get there.
Warning:
We can’t use however as a conjunction instead of but to connect words and phrases:
My teacher is very nice but a bit strict.
Not: My teacher is very nice however a bit strict.
See also:
 But
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Although/though
Although/though can be used to contrast ideas. Although/though are subordinating

conjunctions used to connect a subordinate clause to a main clause, like after, as, before, if,
since, that, even though, even if.
although
main idea contrast
though
Grace is an excellent athlete she injured her leg recently.
Harry is a great friend we don’t see each other often.
The although/though clause can come first.
Although
contrast main idea
Though
the car was destroyed, no one was injured in the crash.
people say it’s dangerous, I think it’s an amazing country.
See also:
 Conjunctions
 Position of subordinating conjunctions
 Although or though?
 But or although?

But or although?
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But cannot be used in the same way as although/though. We use but to connect items which
are the same grammatical type (coordinating conjunction).
Warning:
The order of clauses connected by coordinating conjunctions cannot be reversed:
Although it rained a lot, we’ve still enjoyed our holiday.
We’ve still enjoyed our holiday, although it rained a lot.
It rained a lot but we’ve still enjoyed our holiday.
Not: But it rained a lot, we’ve still enjoyed our holiday.
Although can sound more formal than but. Though is much more common in speaking than
in writing. Although is much more common in writing than in speaking.

Even though, even if
Even though and even if are also used as subordinating conjunctions in the same way
as although/though. Even though is similar to although but it makes a stronger contrast:
Even though I cycle to work, I don’t feel very fit.
Even if means ‘whether or not’:
Even if you run, you’ll still be late. (You’ll be late whether you run or not.)
I feel tired even if I go to bed early. (I feel tired whether I go to bed early or not.)
See also:
 Whether

Conjunctions: typical errors
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 We use and to connect words in a list and to connect phrases and clauses in a

sentence:
He loves cycling, hiking and ball games.
Not: He loves cycling, hiking, ball games.
See also:
 And
 Adding with and
 After conjunctions referring to time, such as when, once and as soon as, we use the
present simple when we refer to the future:
It will be summer when we see you again.
Not: … when we will see you again.
They’ll leave once the lecture finishes.
Not: … once the lecture will finish.
As soon as I hear any news, I’ll call you.
Not: As soon as I’ll hear any news …
 During is a preposition, not a conjunction, so it must be followed by a noun or a

pronoun:
She studies while she is on the train.
Not: She studies during she is on the train.
See also:
 Conjunctions: time
 When we use a so-clause to connect a cause/reason to a result, the so-clause must
come second:
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I bought a new computer game so I have no money left.
Not: So I have no money left I bought a new computer game.
See also:
 Conjunctions: causes, reasons and results
 Because
 Since
 As
 We use although/though, not but, to connect a subordinate clause to a main clause:
Although I’m tall, I’m not as tall as Bill.
Not: But I’m tall, I’m not as tall as Bill.
See also:
 But or although?
 When as well as or in addition to are followed by clauses, the verb is in the -
ing form:
[from a brochure advertising an English course in London]
As well as living with a family, you practise your English.
Not: As well as you live with a family …
In addition to being a wonderful seafood restaurant, it had an amazing view.
Not: In addition to it was a wonderful seafood restaurant …
See also:
 Adding with as well as and in addition to
 We cannot use however to connect words and phrases:
The area around Cannes has small but nice beaches.

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Not: … has small however nice beaches.
See also:
 Conjunctions: causes, reasons and results
ACTIVITIES:
Past simple regular and irregular verbs
WRITE THE VERBS IN PAST TENSE
1. read, feel, play, see read, felt, played, saw.

2. listen, do, go, make listened, did, went, made.
3. know, help, say, think knew, helped, said, thought.
4. like, write, forget, eat liked, wrote, forgot, ate.
5. take, bring, cut, clean took, brought, cut, cleaned.
6. watch, be, have, meet watched, was/were, had, met.
7. put, buy, cook, teach put, bought, cooked, taught.
8. catch, find, answer, lose caught, found, answered, lost.
9. want, tell, win, sit wanted, told, won, sat.
10. sell, build, drink, open sold, built, drank, opened.
I ________admitted_________ my mistake. (admit)

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We __________lerarned______ a lot about it. (learn)

The wind ____blew_____ last night. (blow)
We ___met____ in Prague. (meet)
When she heard it, she ___cried__ (cry)
I ______put________ the book on the desk. (put)
Sue ______drew_________ a cat with a pencil. (draw)
We ____sent________ the postcard yesterday. (send)
Finally, we _____found____ the address. (find)
I ___sat____ down on a chair and relaxed. (sit)
He ________hit__ the ball and ran away. (hit)
I ___told___ you in time. (tell)
I ___knew__ you were right. (know)
He _understood___ what I wanted. (understand)
The teacher ___lost_______ her temper. (lose)
We _____began____ to laugh. (begin)
They ___played_____ the match on Friday. (play)
We ___ bought____ the tomatoes in the market. (buy)
Jim ____said________ he was ill. (say)
We __cut_____ down the tree last week. (cut)
The shop ___shut____ at 4 o'clock yesterday. (shut)

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We ___fed_ our dog this morning. (feed)
PAST CONTINUOUS
Put the verbs into the correct form (past progressive).
1. When I phoned my friends, they (play) ___were playing_______ monopoly.

2. Yesterday at six I (prepare) __was preparing________ dinner.
3. The kids (play) _were playing____ in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4. I (practice) __was praticing____ the guitar when he came home.
5. We (not / cycle) __weren’t cycling____ all day.
6. While Aaron (work) _was working__ in his room, his friends (swim) __were
swimming_ in the pool.
7. I tried to tell them the truth but they (listen / not) __weren’t listening___
8. What (you / do) __were doing___ yesterday?
9. Most of the time we (sit) _were sitting__ in the park.
10. Complete the blanks with past continuous tense
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QUESTIONS WITH AND WITHOUT AUXILIARIES
Choose the correct answer.

1 What _did you_ watch on TV last night? EXAMPLE what did you watch on TV last
night? Use auxiliary did
2 Where ___did you go___ on Tuesdays?
3 Who _painted___ the Mona Lisa? EXAMPLE who Painted the Mona Lisa? don’t
use auxiliary
4 How many goals _did you score_?
5 What _happened__ at the end of the film?
6 Which team _won__ the championship?
Reading comprehension
A. Read the text about the Pyramids .
Jump to pyramids
The Great Pyramid at Giza is one of the

world's most amazing landmarks. Rising high
above the Sahara Desert in the Giza region of
northern Egypt, the Great Pyramid stands
some 450 feet into the burning desert sky and
occupies an area of 13 acres. The rough
climate of the Sahara has actually caused the
pyramid to shrink 30 feet from its original
height.
The pyramid was such an amazing feat of

engineering that it remained the tallest
structure in the world for over 3800 years! The
entire pyramid was orginally faced with polished limestone to make it shine brilliantly in
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the sun. Most Egyptologists, scientists who study ancient Egypt, agree that the Great
Pyramid was built around 2560 BC, a little more than 4,500 years ago. It took tens of
thousands of workers twenty years to build. The pyramid contains over two million stone
blocks. Although most of the blocks weigh two or three tons, some weigh up to 80 tons!
The Great Pyramid of Giza was ordered built by the Pharaoh Khufu as a magnificent tomb.
His vizier (advisor) Hemon is credited with being the pyramid's architect. Khufu's pyramid
is actually part of a complex of pyramids that includes the Pyramid of Khafre, the smaller
Pyramid of Menkaure, a variety of smaller pyramids and structures, and the Great Sphinx.
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the last remaining of the Seven Wonders of the World.
Chose the correct answer

After reading the passage, which "word" would the author use FIRST to describe the
pyramids?
a) troubling
b) confusing
c) incredible
d) outdated
What could be a title for the second paragraph?
a) The Great Pyramid at Giza: Standing Tall in the Desert

b) The Great Pyramid at Giza: Once the Tallest Structure in the World
c) The Great Pyramid at Giza: One of the Greatest Man-made Wonders in the History of
the World.
d) The Great Pyramid at Giza: The Tomb of the Pharoah
What is the third paragraph about?
a) The Great Pyramid of Giza and its surrounding pyramids

b) The Seven Wonders of the World
c) The Sphinx
d) The life of Hemon
The purpose of the first paragraph is to....
a) give statistics and background about the Great Pyramid at Giza

b) describe how long it remained the world's tallest structure
c) escribe the effect the desert climate has had on the Pyramid.
d) describe where Giza is located.
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35.when was built the great pyramid?

It was built around 2560 BC
36.Where does the piramid stand?
The Great Pyramid stands some 450 feet into the burning desert
37.How long did the workers spend building the pyramid?
It took tens of thousands of workers twenty years to build
38.who is the Pharaoh Khufu?
Is credited with being the pyramid's architect
39.what are the weight of the blocks?

Most of the blocks weigh two or three tons, some weigh up to 80 tons!
40.how is called the smaller pyramid?
Pyramid of Khafre.
READ AND ANSWER ABOUT MR AND MRS ROJAS

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Writing
Write about the best day you had ever in your Job
The best day in my job was last year on November 29 th, it was incredible because I wanted
to rest on December and share the traditional dates with my family. However, my boss told
me that it was not possible because in December there are a lot of work, so I made up my
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mind. Just in this moment On November 29 th when I was advising by a formal letter where
said about my vacations it was a surprise, immediately I called my mom to give her the
notice. So, December was the most fantastic month because my plans came true.
a. LABORATORIOS
52. REFERENTES BIBLIOGRÁFICOS Y FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN
Naylor Helen with Raymond Murphy ,essential grammar in use with supplementary
exercises, Cambridge University press 2007
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening
www.englishstudypage.com
53. RÚBRICA
PROFESOR: FECHA DE
ELABORACIÓN:__/__/____

P6B English 2 Guide - Learn Past Tenses, Grammar, Vocabulary and Communication Skills

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CÓDIGO:

GUÍA DE APRENDIZAJE PARA LAS SEMANAS: 7 – 14

A. right place wrong time

C. fifty years of pop

La estructura de la gramática inglesa demanda en los tiempos pasados el uso del

5.1 TALLERES Y PRÁCTICAS

The simple past tense

The verbs "was, lived,started, wrote, died" are in the simple

 lived, started,died are regular past forms.

The infinitive The simple past

For the spelling of the -ed forms click here.

More on the simple past of "to be" here.

The infinitive The simple past

The forms of the simple past:

The Affirmative form of the simple past:

I, you, he, she, it, we, they played.

 I played tennis with my friends yesterday.

The interrogative form of the simple past:

Did I, you, he, she, it, we, they play?

 Did you play basketball yesterday?

I, you, he, she, it, we, they did not/didn't play

 I didn't like the food in the wedding last Saturday.

The use of the simple past

Finished events in the past

Past habitual action

 I visited them every day for a year.

Events that were true for some time in the past

 He lived in Paris for 20 years.

 While we were playing tennis, it started to rain.

Questions with and without auxiliaries

a) Are you Ok? b) You ok ?

a) Did you see that movie? b) You saw that movie ?

a) Who did give you this? b ) Who gave you this ?

a) Are you Ok? b) You ok ?

a) Did you see that movie? b) You saw that movie ?

a) is only correct as an example of the emphatic do, and

The conjunctions but and although/though connect ideas that contrast. Whereas is also used

The new city hall is amazing but it’s going to cost a lot.

He’s quite short, whereas his sister is tall.

But is a coordinating conjunction used to connect ideas that contrast. Coordinating

main idea contrast

The meal was good expensive.

We can’t use however as a conjunction instead of but to connect words and phrases:

My teacher is very nice but a bit strict.

Not: My teacher is very nice however a bit strict.

Although/though can be used to contrast ideas. Although/though are subordinating

Grace is an excellent athlete she injured her leg recently.

Harry is a great friend we don’t see each other often.

The although/though clause can come first.

the car was destroyed, no one was injured in the crash.

people say it’s dangerous, I think it’s an amazing country.

The order of clauses connected by coordinating conjunctions cannot be reversed:

Although it rained a lot, we’ve still enjoyed our holiday.

We’ve still enjoyed our holiday, although it rained a lot.

It rained a lot but we’ve still enjoyed our holiday.

Not: But it rained a lot, we’ve still enjoyed our holiday.

Even though I cycle to work, I don’t feel very fit.

Even if means ‘whether or not’:

 We use and to connect words in a list and to connect phrases and clauses in a

He loves cycling, hiking and ball games.

Not: He loves cycling, hiking, ball games.

It will be summer when we see you again.

I admitted_ my mistake. (admit)

We ____lerarned a lot about it. (learn)

We _met__ in Prague. (meet)

When she heard it, she _cried (cry)

I put__ the book on the desk. (put)

Sue drew___ a cat with a pencil. (draw)

We sent____ the postcard yesterday. (send)

Finally, we _found the address. (find)

I _sat__ down on a chair and relaxed. (sit)

He ______hit the ball and ran away. (hit)

I _told_ you in time. (tell)

I _knew you were right. (know)

The teacher _lost_____ her temper. (lose)

We _began to laugh. (begin)

They _played___ the match on Friday. (play)

We _ bought__ the tomatoes in the market. (buy)

Jim said____ he was ill. (say)

We cut___ down the tree last week. (cut)

The shop _shut__ at 4 o'clock yesterday. (shut)

1. When I phoned my friends, they (play) _were playing_____ monopoly.

2 Where _did you go_ on Tuesdays?