CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.15: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F1)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0.00±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.015±0.001 0.05±0.010 0.0050±0.003 0.025±0.031 4.500±0.022 -

10 0.016±0.022 0.53±0.023 0.0053±0.001 0.026±0.003 4.770±0.028 0.025±0.030

15 0.018±0.020 0.60±0.002 0.0060±0.016 0.030±0.001 5.400±0.021 0.051±0.002

20 0.025±0.017 0.83±0.005 0.0084±0.002 0.041±0.006 7.470±0.032 0.081±0.003

25 0.027±0.008 0.90±0.022 0.0090±0.019 0.045±0.013 8.100±0.001 0.123±0.007

30 0.028±0.014 0.93±0.019 0.0093±0.032 0.046±0.001 8.370±0.005 0.168±0.018

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.16: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F1)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

4.500±0.004 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 45.91±0.004 1.661±0.022 54.09±0.006 1.733±0.003

4.790±0.001 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 48.92±0.001 1.689±0.001 51.08±0.003 1.708±0.007

5.410±0.009 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 55.62±0.020 1.745±0.004 44.38±0.021 1.647±0.031

7.550±0.005 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 77.05±0.003 1.885±0.008 22.95±0.003 1.360±0.044

8.220±0.001 5.000±0.000 1.396±0.000 83.90±0.007 1.923±0.011 16.10±0.012 1.206±0.076

8.530±0.006 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 87.12±0.001 1.940±0.012 12.88±0.015 1.109±0.038

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CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 2

Log cum. % drug retained

y = 1.8995x + 33.178 y = -0.0281x + 1.9518
Cum. % drug release

100 R² = 0.9338 1.5 R² = 0.9352

80
60 Zero order kinetics 1 First order kinetics
40
0.5
20 Linear (Zero order Linear (First order
0 kinetics ) 0 kinetics)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2.5
y = 0.4004x + 1.3368
Cum. % drug release

Log cum. % drug release

y = 14.571x + 7.6048
100 2 R² = 0.8709
R² = 0.9075
80
Higuchi kinetics 1.5
60 Peppas kinetics
40 1
0.5 Linear (Peppas
20 Linear (Higuchi
kinetics)
0 kinetics) 0
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.2: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F1)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.17: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F2)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.017±0.005 0.56±0.016 0.0056±0.034 0.028±0.001 5.040±0.016 -

10 0.018±0.001 0.60±0.007 0.0060±0.021 0.030±0.003 5.400±0.015 0.028±0.007

15 0.019±0.007 0.63±0.023 0.0063±0.013 0.031±0.023 5.670±0.003 0.058±0.005

20 0.020±0.014 0.66±0.032 0.0066±0.021 0.033±0.010 5.940±0.007 0.089±0.014

25 0.021±0.018 0.70±0.013 0.0070±0.012 0.035±0.016 6.300±0.009 0.122±0.018

30 0.026±0.040 0.86±0.022 0.0086±0.004 0.043±0.014 7.740±0.021 0.157±0.017

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.18: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F2)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5.040±0.013 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 53.05±0.012 1.724±0.013 46.95±0.012 1.671±0.003

5.428±0.010 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 57.13±0.008 1.756±0.003 42.87±0.013 1.632±0.006

5.728±0.005 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 60.29±0.003 1.780±0.005 39.71±0.018 1.598±0.004

6.029±0.011 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 63.46±0.003 1.802±0.006 36.54±0.016 1.562±0.008

6.422±0.015 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 67.60±0.018 1.829±0.008 32.40±0.018 1.510±0.010

7.897±0.003 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 83.13±0.015 1.919±0.012 16.87±0.022 1.227±0.012

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CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

Log cum. % drug retained

120 2
Cum. % drug release

100 y = 1.057x + 45.612 y = -0.015x + 1.7955

R² = 0.8729 1.5 R² = 0.7668
80
60 Zero order 1 First order kinetics
kinetics
40
Linear (Zero order 0.5 Linear (First order
20
kinetics) kinetics)
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 1.95

Log cum. % drug release

100 y = 7.8971x + 32.238 1.9 y = 0.2088x + 1.5563
Cum. % drug release

R² = 0.8058 R² = 0.7825
80 1.85
60 Higuchi kinetics 1.8 Peppas kinetics

40 1.75
Linear (Higuchi Linear (Peppas
20 1.7
kinetics) kinetics)
0 1.65
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.3: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F2)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.19: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F3)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.017±0.004 0.56±0.011 0.0056±0.006 0.028±0.001 5.040±0.012 -

10 0.018±0.014 0.60±0.06 0.0060±0.008 0.030±0.004 5.400±0.11 0.028±0.013

15 0.018±0.023 0.60±0.030 0.0060±0.006 0.030±0.008 5.400±0.002 0.058±0.003

20 0.019±0.027 0.63±0.005 0.0063±0.013 0.031±0.010 5.670±0.015 0.088±0.005

25 0.020±0.025 0.66±0.007 0.0066±0.050 0.033±0.011 5.940±0.016 0.119±0.016

30 0.031±0.013 1.03±0.001 0.0103±0.007 0.051±0.023 9.270±0.011 0.152±0.018

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.20: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F3)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5.040±0.001 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 51.95±0.010 1.715±0.004 48.05±0.004 1.681±0.002

5.428±0.005 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 55.95±0.013 1.747±0.007 44.05±0.006 1.643±0.004

5.458±0.013 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 56.26±0.006 1.750±0.009 43.74±0.005 1.640±0.005

5.758±0.012 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 59.36±0.007 1.773±0.011 40.64±0.012 1.608±0.003

6.059±0.016 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 62.46±0.003 1.795±0.016 37.54±0.003 1.574±0.012

9.422±0.015 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 97.13±0.006 1.987±0.017 2.87±0.023 0.457±0.003

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CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 2

Log cum. % drug retained

y = 1.4202x + 38.999 y = -0.0363x + 2.0697
100
Cum.% drug release

R² = 0.6342 1.5 R² = 0.5017

80
60 Zero order kinetics 1 First order kinetics
40
0.5
20 Linear (Zero order Linear (First order
0 kinetics) 0 kinetics)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2.1
y = 10.271x + 22.391

Log cum. % drug release

100
Cum. % drug release

2 y = 0.2454x + 1.5062
R² = 0.548
80 R² = 0.5193
1.9
60 Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics
40 1.8
Linear (Higuchi 1.7 Linear (Peppas
20
kinetics) kinetics)
0 1.6
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Time Log T

Graph No.4: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F3)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.21: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F4)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.029±0.006 0.966±0.004 0.0096±0.007 0.048±0.013 8.64±0.010 -

10 0.031±0.008 1.003±0.006 0.0103±0.016 0.051±0.009 9.27±0.012 0.048±0.011

15 0.037±0.013 1.230±0.005 0.0123±0.017 0.061±0.032 10.8±0.023 0.099±0.001

20 0.041±0.010 1.360±0.018 0.0136±0.013 0.065±0.021 11.7±0.021 0.160±0.003

25 0.042±0.009 1.400±0.018 0.0140±0.017 0.070±0.021 12.6±0.011 0.225±0.005

30 0.045±0.017 1.500±0.003 0.0150±0.019 0.075±0.014 13.5±0.018 0.295±0.002

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.22: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F4)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

8.640±0.014 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 89.0±0.003 1.949±0.011 11.00±0.006 1.041±0.007

9.318±0.010 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 96.0±0.007 1.82±0.012 4.00±0.007 0.602±0.008

10.890±0.011 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 - - - -

11.860±0.006 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 - - - -

12.820±0.005 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -

13.790±0.018 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 73

CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

140 1.5

Log cum. % drug retained

120 y = 1.4x + 82
Cum. % drug release

R² = 1 1 y = -0.0878x + 1.48
100 R² = 1
80 0.5
Zero order
60 First order kinetics
kinetics 0
40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Linear (Zero order -0.5 Linear (First order
20
kinetics) kinetics)
0 -1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
-1.5
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2.04

Log cum. % drug release

100 y = 7.5594x + 72.097 2.03 y = 0.0662x + 1.9308
um. % drug release

80 R² = 1 2.02 R² = 1
60 Higuchi kinetics 2.01 Peppas kinetics
2
40
1.99
20 Linear (Higuchi Linear (Peppas
1.98
kinetics) kinetics)
0 1.97
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.5: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F4)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.23: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F5)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.018±0.006 0.60±0.007 0.0060±0.013 0.030±0.013 5.400±0.007 -

10 0.019±0.008 0.63±0.013 0.0063±0.007 0.031±0.011 5.670±0.005 0.030±0.013

15 0.023±0.013 0.76±0.033 0.0076±0.020 0.038±0.010 6.840±0.006 0.061±0.006

20 0.024±0.009 0.80±0.023 0.0080±0.012 0.040±0.013 7.200±0.008 0.099±0.014

25 0.026±0.014 0.86±0.006 0.0086±0.004 0.043±0.007 7.740±0.007 0.139±0.007

30 0.028±0.007 0.93±0.018 0.0093 ±0.016 0.046±0.017 8.370±0.015 0.182±0.015

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.24: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F5)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5.400±0.013 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 55.10±0.009 1.741±0.007 44.90±0.014 1.652±0.012

5.700±0.015 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 58.16±0.012 1.764±0.011 41.84±0.018 1.621±0.011

6.901±0.019 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 70.42±0.015 1.847±0.017 29.58±0.011 1.470±0.014

7.299±0.027 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 74.48±0.017 1.872±0.019 25.52±0.013 1.406±0.015

7.879±0.012 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 80.40±0.018 1.905±0.016 19.60±0.016 1.292±0.014

8.552±0.007 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 87.27±0.014 1.940±0.014 12.72±0.015 1.104±0.016

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CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 2

Log cum. % drug retained

Cum. % drug release

y = -0.0217x + 1.8033
100 y = 1.3236x + 47.809 1.5 R² = 0.9636
80 R² = 0.9786
60 1 First order kinetics
Zero order kinetics
40
0.5 Linear (First order
20 Linear (Zero order kinetics)
0 kinetics) 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2
y = 10.235x + 29.66 y = 0.2634x + 1.5353
Cum. % drug release

Log cum. % drug release

100 R² = 0.9665 1.95 R² = 0.9359
80 1.9
60 Higuchi kinetics 1.85 Peppas kinetics
40 1.8
Linear (Higuchi Linear (Peppas
20 1.75 kinetics)
kinetics)
0 1.7
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.6: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F5)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.25: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F6)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.019±0.013 0.63±0.007 0.0063±0.005 0.031±0.007 5.670±0.004 -

10 0.021±0.011 0.70±0.010 0.0070±0.008 0.035±0.013 6.300±0.007 0.031±0.013

15 0.026±0.009 0.86±0.007 0.0086±0.013 0.043±0.016 7.740±0.009 0.066±0.007

20 0.028±0.005 0.93±0.011 0.0093±0.017 0.046±0.011 8.370±0.012 0.109±0.008

25 0.029±0.006 0.96±0.015 0.0096±0.017 0.048±0.012 8.640±0.013 0.155±0.010

30 0.035±0.012 1.16±0.019 0.0116±0.012 0.058±0.013 10.440±0.017 0.203±0.015

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.26: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F6)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5.670±0.017 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 56.0±0.013 1.748±0.017 44.00±0.010 1.643±0.013

6.331±0.012 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 63.3±0.010 1.801±0.012 36.70±0.013 1.564±0.016

7.800±0.014 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 78.0±0.019 1.892±0.015 22.00±0.007 1.342±0.014

8.470±0.018 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 84.7±0.013 1.927±0.016 15.30±0.019 1.184±0.010

8.790±0.015 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 87.9±0.016 1.943±0.014 12.10±0.015 1.082±0.008

10.600±0.020 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

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CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

2
Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

Log cum. % drug retained

120 1.5
Cum. % drug release

y = 1.704x + 48.42 y = -0.03x + 1.8136

100
R² = 0.9524 R² = 0.9798
80
Zero order kinetics 1
60 First order
40 kinetics
Linear (Zero order
20 0.5 Linear (First
kinetics)
0 order kinetics)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0
Time 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2
y = 12.484x + 27.185 y = 0.2994x + 1.5285
Cum. % drug release

Log cum. % drug release

100 R² = 0.9685 1.95 R² = 0.9627
80 1.9
60 Higuchi kinetics 1.85 Peppas kinetics
40 1.8
20 Linear (Higuchi 1.75 Linear (Peppas
0 kinetics) 1.7 kinetics)
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.7: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F6)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.27: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F7)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.027±0.007 0.90±0.003 0.0090±0.008 0.045±0.008 8.100±0.003 -

10 0.030±0.008 1.00±0.009 0.0100±0.013 0.050±0.006 9.000±0.009 0.045±0.011

15 0.032±0.005 1.06±0.007 0.0106±0.017 0.053±0.011 9.540±0.006 0.095±0.015

20 0.037±0.013 1.23±0.013 0.0123±0.015 0.061±0.013 11.070±0.008 0.148±0.012

25 0.038±0.015 1.26±0.012 0.0126±0.010 0.063±0.017 11.340±0.011 0.209±0.014

30 0.039±0.013 1.30±0.015 0.0130±0.018 0.065±0.012 11.700±0.013 0.272±0.008

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.28: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F7)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

8.100±0.005 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 84.3±0.012 1.925±0.008 15.70±0.008 1.195±0.010

9.045±0.008 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 94.1±0.010 1.973±0.009 5.90±0.009 0.770±0.012

9.595±0.013 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 99.8±0.008 1.999±0.007 0.20±0.008 0.698±0.013

11.210±0.017 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 - - - -

11.540±0.019 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -

11.970±0.013 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

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CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

150 y = 1.55x + 77.233 1.5 y = -0.0497x + 1.3847

Log cum. % drug retained

Cum. % drug release

R² = 0.9772 R² = 0.856
100 1
Zero order kinetics First order kinetics
50 0.5
Linear (Zero order Linear (First order
0 kinetics) 0
kinetics)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
-0.5
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2.1
Cum. % drug release

Log cum.% drug release

100 y = 9.5293x + 63.288 y = 0.1553x + 1.8169
R² = 0.9943 2.05 R² = 0.9996
80
Peppas kinetics
60 Higuchi kinetics 2
40 Linear (Peppas
1.95
20 Linear (Higuchi kinetics)
0 kinetics) 1.9
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.8: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F7)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No. 29: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F8)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.031±0.005 1.03±0.004 0.0103±0.013 0.051±0.007 9.270±0.010 -

10 0.031±0.009 1.03±0.007 0.0103±0.014 0.051±0.008 9.270±0.020 0.051±0.017

15 0.032±0.011 1.06±0.013 0.0106±0.013 0.053±0.010 9.540±0.013 0.102±0.019

20 0.032±0.012 1.06±0.013 0.0106±0.010 0.053±0.012 9.540±0.010 0.155±0.010

25 0.033±0.010 1.10±0.011 0.0110±0.008 0.055±0.010 9.900±0.012 0.208±0.018

30 0.041±0.013 1.36±0.017 0.0136±0.003 0.068±0.011 12.240±0.008 0.263± 0.020

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 84

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.30: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F8)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

9.270±0.011 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 97.5±0.017 1.989±0.018 2.50±0.013 0.397±0.010

9.320±0.017 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 98.1±0.018 1.991±0.022 1.90±0.025 0.2781.±0.018

9.640±0.019 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 - - - -

9.690±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 - - - -

10.100±0.010 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -

12.500±0.016 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 85

CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

101 0.5

Log cum. % drug retained

Cum. % drug release

y = 0.12x + 96.9 0.4 y = -0.0238x + 0.516

100 R² = 1 0.3 R² = 1
0.2 First order
99 Zero order kinetics
0.1 kinetics
98 0 Linear (First
Linear (Zero order order kinetics)
kinetics) -0.1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
97
-0.2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
-0.3
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

Log cum. % drug release

100 1.995
Cum. % drug release

y = 0.6479x + 96.051 y = 0.0066x + 1.9844

99.5 1.994
R² = 1 R² = 1
99 1.993
1.992 Peppas kinetics
98.5 Higuchi kinetics
1.991
98 1.99 Linear (Peppas
Linear (Higuchi kinetics)
97.5 1.989
kinetics)
97 1.988
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.9: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F8)

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 86

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No. 31: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F9)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.029±0.010 0.96±0.011 0.0096±0.019 0.048±0.011 8.640±0.013 -

10 0.030±0.013 1.00±0.014 0.0100±0.018 0.050±0.015 9.000±0.008 0.048±0.011

15 0.031±0.011 1.03±0.012 0.0103±0.018 0.051±0.013 9.270±0.012 0.098±0.013

20 0.031±0.012 1.03±0.011 0.0103±0.014 0.051±0.015 9.270±0.010 0.149±0.008

25 0.037±0.008 1.23±0.013 0.0123±0.013 0.061±0.017 11.070±0.008 0.200±0.009

30 0.053±0.011 1.76±0.018 0.0176±0.012 0.088±0.018 15.840±0.015 0.261±0.012

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 87

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.32: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F9)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

8.640±0.011 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 94.94±0.010 1.977±0.008 5.06±0.007 0.704±0.011

9.048±0.017 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 99.40±0.009 1.997±0.009 0.60±0.008 0.221±0.012

9.360±0.013 3.872±0.000 1176±0.000 - - - -

9.417±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 - - - -

11.270±0.015 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -

16.101±0.012 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 88

CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 1

Log cum. % drug retained

Cum. % drug release

100 y = 0.892x + 90.48 y = -0.0966x + 1.187

R² = 1 0.5 R² = 1
80
0
60 First order kinetics
Zero order kinetics
40 -0.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Linear (First order
20 Linear (Zero order -1
kinetics)
0 kinetics) -1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
-2
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Pppas kinetics

Log cum. % drug release

115 2.04
Cum. % drug release

2.03 y = 0.0662x + 1.9308

110 y = 4.8164x + 84.17
R² = 1
R² = 1 2.02
105 2.01 Pppas kinetics
Higuchi kinetics
100 2
1.99 Linear (Pppas
95 Linear (Higuchi
1.98 kinetics)
kinetics)
90 1.97
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.10: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F9)

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 89

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No. 33: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F10)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.021±0.008 0.70±0.012 0.0063±0.033 0.035±0.012 6.300±0.011 -

10 0.023±0.006 0.76±0.017 0.0076±0.031 0.038±0.021 6.840±0.017 0.035±0.015

15 0.025±0.008 0.83±0.021 0.0083±0.024 0.041±0.016 7.470±0.015 0.073±0.019

20 0.029±0.011 0.96±0.019 0.0096±0.020 0.048±0.014 8.640±0.013 0.114±0.020

25 0.032±0.015 1.06±0.031 0.0106±0.022 0.053±0.013 9.540±010 0.162±0.014

30 0.047±0.013 1.56±0.022 0.0156±0.018 0.078±0.012 14.400±0.010 0.215±0.012

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 90

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.34: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F10)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

6.300±0.009 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 67.7±0.013 1.830±0.013 32.30±0.013 1.509±0.013

6.870±0.012 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 73.8±0.017 1.868±0.016 26.20±0.020 1.418±0.021

7.540±0.11 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 81.0±0.015 1.908±0.014 19.00±0.016 1.278±0.016

8.750±0.008 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 94.0±0.022 1.973±0.017 6.00±0.014 0.778±0.018

9.700±0.017 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -

14.250±0.022 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 91

CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

Log cum. % drug retained

120 y = 1.722x + 57.6 2
Cum. % drug release

100 y = -0.0467x + 1.829

R² = 0.9661
1.5 R² = 0.8537
80
60 Zero order kinetics 1 First order kinetics
40
0.5
20 Linear (First order
Linear (Zero order
0 0 kinetics)
kinetics)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

Log cum. % drug release

120 2
Cum. % drug release

100 y = 11.3x + 40.303

y = 0.2215x + 1.6635
R² = 0.9247 1.95
80 R² = 0.8982
60 Higuchi kinetics 1.9 Peppas kinetics
40
Linear (Higuchi 1.85 Linear (Peppas
20 kinetics) kinetics)
0 1.8
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.11: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F10)

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 92

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No. 35: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F11)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.025±0.011 0.83±0.017 0.0083±0.013 0.041±0.012 7.470±0.012 -

10 0.026±0.012 0.86±0.012 0.0086±0.010 0.043±0.015 7.740±0.016 0.041±0.008

15 0.027±0.008 0.90±0.009 0.0090±0.019 0.045±0.020 8.100±0.012 0.084±0.010

20 0.028±0.008 0.93±0.012 0.0093±0.014 0.046±0.017 8.370±0.014 0.129±0.012

25 0.029±0.014 0.96±0.019 0.0096±0.013 0.048±0.014 8.640±0.014 0.176±0.010

30 0.029±0.018 0.96±0.014 0.0096±0.014 0.048±0.011 8.640±0.011 0.224±0.09

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 93

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.36: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F11)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

7.470±0.013 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 81.19±0.011 1.909±0.012 18.81±0.011 1.274±0.009

7.781±0.016 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 84.58±0.015 1.927±0.013 15.42±0.014 1.188±0.008

8.184±0.018 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 88.96±0.013 1.949±0.011 11.04±0.013 1.042±0.012

8.499±0.017 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 92.38±0.012 1.965±0.010 7.62±0.009 0.881±0.020

8.816±0.014 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 95.82±0.010 1.981±0.008 4.18±0.012 0.621±0.017

8.864±0.013 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 96.34±0.018 1.983±0.007 3.66±0.013 0.563±0.010

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 94

CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

Log cum. % drug retained

120 1.5
y = -0.031x + 1.4699
Cum. % drug release

100 y = 0.6451x + 78.589

R² = 0.9749
80 R² = 0.9699 1
Zero order kinetics First order kinetics
60
40 0.5 Linear (First order
20 Linear (Zero order kinetics)
0 kinetics) 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2
y = 5.0577x + 69.463 y = 0.1021x + 1.8324

Log cum. % drug release

Cum. % drug release

100 R² = 0.9848 1.98 R² = 0.9703

80 1.96
Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics
60 1.94
40 Linear (Higuchi 1.92
Linear (Peppas
20 kinetics) 1.9 kinetics)
0 1.88
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.12: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F11)

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 95

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.37: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F12)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.031±0.008 1.03±0.013 0.0103±0.017 0.051±0.013 9.270±0.016 -

10 0.032±0.013 1.06±0.008 0.0106±0.012 0.053±0.016 9.540±0.011 0.051±0.012

15 0.033±0.011 1.10±0.015 0.0110±0.014 0.055±0.018 9.900±0.015 0.104±0.014

20 0.034±0.010 1.13±0.016 0.0113±0.012 0.056±0.014 10.170±0.010 0.159±0.016

25 0.036±0.009 1.20±0.012 0.0120±0.015 0.060±0.012 10.180±0.012 0.216±0.017

30 0.038±0.014 1.26±0.010 0.0126±0.018 0.063±0.015 11.340±0.014 0.276±0.018

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 96

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.38: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F12)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

9.270±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 95.76±0.017 1.981±0.014 4.24±0.013 0.627±0.015

9.590±0.018 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 99.08±0.015 1.995±0.013 0.92±0.015 0.036±0.016

10.004±0.020 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 - - - -

10.320±0.011 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 - - - -

11.016±0.016 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -

11.616±0.014 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 97

CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

1

Log cum. % drug retained

115
0.5 y = -0.1182x + 1.218
Cum.% drug release

110 y = 0.664x + 92.44 R² = 1

R² = 1 0
105 First order kinetics
Zero order kinetics -0.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
100 Linear (First order
-1
95 Linear (Zero order kinetics)
kinetics) -1.5
90 -2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
-2.5
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

110 2.02
Cum. % drug release

Log cum. % drug release

y = 3.5853x + 87.743 y = 0.0464x + 1.9486
2.01
105 R² = 1 R² = 1
Higuchi kinetics 2
Peppas kinetics
1.99
100
Linear (Higuchi 1.98 Linear (Peppas
kinetics) kinetics)
95 1.97
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.13: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F12)

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 98

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.39: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F13)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.014±0.008 0.46±0.013 0.0046±0.015 0.023±0.012 4.140±0.014 -

10 0.014±0.013 0.50±0.008 0.0050±0.014 0.025±0.017 4.500±0.013 0.023±0.012

15 0.019±0.010 0.63±0.015 0.0063±0.016 0.031±0.019 5.670±0.015 0.048±0.014

20 0.021±0.009 0.70±0.014 0.0070±0.012 0.035±0.013 6.300±0.010 0.079±0.015

25 0.024±0.008 0.80±0.012 0.0080±0.015 0.040±0.012 7.200±0.011 0.114±0.018

30 0.027±0.016 0.90±0.012 0.0090±0.018 0.045±0.014 8.100±0.013 0.154±0.017

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 99

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No. 40: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F13)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

4.140±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 43.12±0.017 1.634±0.014 56.88±0.013 1.754±0.013

4.523±0.019 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 47.11±0.014 1.673±0.015 52.89±0.015 1.723±0.014

5.718±0.018 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 59.56±0.013 1.774±0.012 40.44±0.014 1.606±0.016

6.379±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 66.45±0.015 1.822±0.017 33.55±0.013 1.525±0.015

7.314±0.016 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 76.19±0.013 1.881±0.015 23.81±0.015 1.376±0.014

8.254±0.014 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 85.98±0.014 1.934±0.013 15.00±0.014 1.176±0.016

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 100

CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

Log cum. % drug retained

100 2
Cum. % drug release

80 y = 1.7625x + 32.225 y = -0.0229x + 1.9279

R² = 0.9895 1.5
R² = 0.9494
60
Zero order kinetics 1 First order kinetics
40
Linear (Zero order 0.5 Linear (First order
20 kinetics) kinetics)
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

100 2.5

Log cum. % drug release

Cum. % drug release

y = 0.3922x + 1.3255
80 y = 13.501x + 8.5702 2
R² = 0.9345
R² = 0.9591
60 1.5
Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics
40 1
20 Linear (Higuchi 0.5 Linear (Peppas
kinetics) kinetics )
0 0
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.14: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F13)

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 101

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.41: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F14)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.020±0.008 0.66±0.013 0.0066±0.017 0.033±0.014 5.940±0.016 -

10 0.021±0.013 0.70±0.008 0.0070±0.012 0.035±0.015 6.300±0.011 0.033±0.012

15 0.023±0.010 0.76±0.013 0.0076±0.014 0.038±0.019 6.840±0.013 0.068±0.014

20 0.026±0.009 0.86±0.016 0.0086±0.013 0.043±0.015 7.740±0.012 0.106±0.017

25 0.027±0.008 0.90±0.014 0.0090±0.017 0.045±0.011 8.100±0.014 0.149±0.018

30 0.031±0.014 1.03±0.012 0.0103±0.018 0.051±0.016 9.270±0.013 0.194±0.017

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 102

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.42: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F14)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5.940±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 61.74±0.017 1.790±0.016 38.26±0.013 1.582±0.015

6.333±0.018 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 65.83±0.015 1.818±0.015 34.17±0.017 1.533±0.014

6.908±0.020 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 71.80±0.014 1.856±0.012 28.20±0.014 1.450±0.017

7.846±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 81.55±0.016 1.911±0.017 18.45±0.012 1.265±0.013

8.249±0.016 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 85.74±0.013 1.933±0.015 14.26±0.015 1.154±0.014

9.464±0.015 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 98.37±0.015 1.992±0.013 1.63±0.014 0.212±0.015

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 103

CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

Log cum. % drug retained

120 2
Cum. % drug release

y = 1.4436x + 52.242 y = -0.0467x + 2.0165

100
R² = 0.9731 1.5 R² = 0.7329
80
60 Zero order kinetics 1 First order kinetics
40
Linear (Zero order 0.5 Linear (First order
20 kinetics) kinetics)
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2.05

Log cum. % drug release

Cum. % drug release

100 y = 10.971x + 33.22 2 y = 0.2491x + 1.5907

R² = 0.9284 R² = 0.8941
80 1.95
60 Higuchi kinetics 1.9 Peppas kinetics
40 Linear (Higuchi 1.85
Linear (Peppas
20 kinetics) 1.8
kinetics)
0 1.75
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.15: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F14)

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 104

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.43: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F15)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.027±0.008 0.90±0.013 0.0090±0.017 0.045±0.014 8.100±0.014 -

10 0.028±0.013 0.93±0.009 0.0093±0.014 0.046±0.015 8.370±0.013 0.045±0.014

15 0.029±0.010 0.96±0.015 0.0096±0.015 0.048±0.017 8.640±0.015 0.091±0.015

20 0.031±0.009 1.03±0.014 0.0103±0.013 0.051±0.013 9.270±0.010 0.139±0.017

25 0.033±0.008 1.10±0.012 0.0110±0.015 0.055±0.012 9.900±0.011 0.191±0.018

30 0.037±0.014 1.12±0.011 0.0123±0.018 0.061±0.014 11.070±0.013 0.246±0.016

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 105

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.44: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F15)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

8.100±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 84.99±0.015 1.929±0.014 15.01±0.013 1.176±0.015

8.415±0.017 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 88.30±0.014 1.945±0.015 11.70±0.015 1.068±0.014

8.731±0.019 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 91.62±0.013 1.961±0.012 8.38±0.016 0.923±0.016

9.409±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 98.73±0.015 1.994±0.016 1.27±0.014 0.103±0.013

10.091±0.018 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -

11.316±0.015 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 106

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Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

Log cum. % drug retained

120 1.5
Cum. % drug release

100 y = 0.8908x + 79.775 y = -0.0673x + 1.6585

R² = 0.9582 1 R² = 0.7937
80
60 First order kinetics
Zero order
40 0.5
kinetics Linear (First order
20 Linear (Zero order
0 kinetics)
0 kinetics)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
-0.5
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

Log cum. % drug release

2.02
120
y = 0.0987x + 1.8542
Cum. % drug release

100 y = 5.8414x + 70.842 2

R² = 0.8647
80 R² = 0.9159 1.98
Higuchi kinetics 1.96 Peppas kinetics
60
40 1.94 Linear (Peppas
Linear (Higuchi
20 1.92 kinetics)
kinetics)
0 1.9
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.16: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F15)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.45: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F16)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.023±0.008 0.76±0.013 0.0076±0.015 0.038±0.012 6.840±0.016 -

10 0024±0.011 0.80±0.008 0.0080±0.012 0.040±0.015 7.200±0.012 0.038±0.014

15 0.027±0.012 0.90±0.015 0.0090±0.016 0.045±0.019 8.100±0.013 0.078±0.016

20 0.030±0.009 1.00±0.014 0.0100±0.013 0.050±0.013 9.000±0.012 0.123±0.015

25 0.031±0.010 1.03±0.013 0.0103±0.015 0.051±0.012 9.270±0.011 0.173±0.018

30 0.036±0.015 1.20±0.012 0.0120±0.018 0.060±0.014 10.800±0.013 0.224±0.016

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.46: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F16)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

6.840±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 74.18±0.015 1.870±0.016 25.82±0.013 1.411±0.015

7.238±0.018 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 78.50±0.016 1.894±0.015 21.50±0.017 1.464±0.014

8.178±0.020 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 88.69±0.013 1.947±0.012 1.06±0.014 1.053±0.017

9.123±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 98.94±0.014 1.995±0.015 ±0.013 0.025±0.015

9.443±0.018 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -

11023±0.014 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 109

CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

Log cum. % drug retained

120 2
Cum. % drug release

100 y = 1.6894x + 63.96 y = -0.0887x + 2.0645

1.5 R² = 0.8038
R² = 0.9715
80
1 First order kinetics
60 Zero order
40 0.5
kinetics Linear (First order
20 Linear (Zero order 0 kinetics)
kinetics) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0 -0.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
-1
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

Log cum. % drug release

120 2.05
Cum. % drug release

100 y = 11.091x + 46.975 y = 0.0295x + 1.8364

R² = 0.9307 2
80 R² = 0.7685
1.95
60 Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics
1.9
40
20 Linear (Higuchi 1.85 Linear (Peppas
0 kinetics) 1.8 kinetics)
0 2 4 6 0 2 4 6
√T Log T

Graph No.17: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F16)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.47: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F17)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.023±0.008 0.76±0.011 0.0076±0.015 0.038±0.012 6.840±0.014 -

10 0.025±0.013 0.83±0.010 0.0083±0.013 0.041±0.015 7.470±0.012 0.038±0.014

15 0.027±0.010 0.90±0.013 0.0090±0.016 0.045±0.017 8.100±0.014 0.079±0.016

20 0.028±0.009 0.93±0.016 0.0093±0.013 0.046±0.014 8.370±0.010 0.124±0.015

25 0.29±0.008 0.96±0.013 0.0096±0.015 0.048±0.013 8.640±0.013 0.171±0.018

30 0.031±0.016 1.03±0.012 0.0103±0.018 0.051±0.015 9.270±0.014 0.219±0.016

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 111

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.48: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F17)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

6.840±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 64.52±0.015 1.809±0.015 35.48±0.013 1.549±0.015

7.508±0.019 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 70.83±0.016 1.850±0.013 29.17±0.015 1.464±0.014

8.179±0.018 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 77.16±0.013 1.887±0.012 22.84±0.016 1.358±0.017

8.494±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 80.13±0.016 1.903±0.017 19.87±0.013 1.298±0.014

8.811±0.016 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 83.12±0.014 1.919±0.016 16.88±0.015 1.227±0.013

9.489±0.013 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 89.51±0.015 1.951±0.013 10.49±0.014 1.020±0.015

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 112

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Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

Log cum. % drug retained

120 2
Cum. % drug release

100 y = 0.9417x + 61.066 y = -0.0195x + 1.6609

R² = 0.9801 1.5 R² = 0.9594
80
60 Zero order kinetics 1 First order kinetics
40
20 Linear (Zero order 0.5
Linear (First order
0 kinetics) kinetics)
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

Log cum. % drug release

100 2
Cum. % drug release

y = 7.3506x + 47.874 y = 0.174x + 1.6821

80 1.95
R² = 0.9865 R² = 0.9784
60 Higuchi kinetics 1.9
Peppas kinetics
40 1.85
Linear (Higuchi Linear (Peppas
20 1.8
kinetics) kinetics)
0 1.75
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.18: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F17)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.49: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F18)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.022±0.008 0.73±0.013 0.0073±0.017 0.036±0.012 6.570±0.014 -

10 0.025±0.012 0.83±0.009 0.0083±0.012 0.041±0.015 7.470±0.011 0.036±0.013

15 0.028±0.012 0.93±0.015 0.0093±0.014 0.046±0.017 8.370±0.014 0.078±0.016

20 0.028±0.009 0.93±0.014 0.0093±0.013 0.046±0.015 8.370±0.012 0.124±0.015

25 0.029±0.010 0.96±0.012 0.0096±0.016 0.048±0.013 8.640±0.013 0.171±0.018

30 0.033±0.016 1.10±0.011 0.0110±0.018 0.055±0.014 9.900±0.013 0.219±0.017

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.50: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F18)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release retained
Cum. drug Cum. %
release
Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

6.570±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 65.04±0.016 1.813±0.014 34.96±0.013 1.543±0.015

7.506±0.019 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 74.31±0.014 1.871±0.013 25.69±0.015 1.409±0.014

8.448±0.018 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 83.64±0.013 1.922±0.015 16.36±0.016 1.213±0.017

8.494±0.011 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 84.10±0.016 1.924±0.017 15.90±0.013 1.201±0.013

8.811±0.016 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 87.23±0.014 1.940±0.014 12.77±0.015 1.106±0.014

10.110±0.015 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 ----±0.014 ±0.014 ±0.015 ±0.015

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Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 2

Log Cum. % drug retained

Cum. % drug release

100 y = 1.0834x + 62.613 y = -0.0216x + 1.619

R² = 0.8837 1.5 R² = 0.9308
80
60 Zero order kinetics 1 First order kinetics
40
Linear (Zero order 0.5 Linear (First order
20
kinetics) kinetics)
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time
Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

Log cum. % drug release

120 2
y = 8.113x + 48.453 y = 0.1859x + 1.6869
Cum. % drug release

100 R² = 0.9389 R² = 0.9675

1.95
80
Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics
60 1.9
40 Linear (Peppas
Linear (Higuchi 1.85
20 kinetics)
kinetics)
0 1.8
0 2 4 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
√T Log T

Graph No.19: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F18)

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CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.51: Differents kinetic models of fast dissolving tablet of Montelukast Sodium
Code Zero order First order Higuchi Peppas
2 2 2
R R R R2
F1 0.9338 0.9352 0.9075 0.8709
F2 0.8729 0.7668 0.8058 0.7825
F3 0.6342 0.5017 0.548 0.5193
F4 1 1 1 1
F5 0.9786 0.9636 0.9665 0.9359
F6 0.9524 0.9798 0.9685 0.9627
F7 0.9772 0.856 0.9943 0.9996
F8 1 1 1 1
F9 1 1 1 1
F10 0.9661 0.8537 0.9247 0.8982
F11 0.9699 0.9749 0.9848 0.9703
F12 1 1 1 1
F13 0.9895 0.9494 0.9591 0.9345
F14 0.9731 0.7329 0.9284 0.8941
F15 0.9582 0.7937 0.9159 0.8647
F16 0.9715 0.8038 0.9307 0.7685
F17 0.9801 0.9594 0.9865 0.9784
F18 0.8837 0.9308 0.9389 0.9675

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120 120
100 100
Cum. % drug release

Cum. % drug release

80 80
60 F1 60 F4
40 F2 40 F5

20 F3 20 F6

0 0
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40

Time Time

Graph No. 20: Drug release profile (F1-F3) Graph No. 21: Drug release profile (F4-F6)

120 120

100 100
Cum. % drug release

Cum. % drug release

80 80

60 F7 60 F10

40 F8 40 F11
F9 F12
20 20

0 0
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40

Time Time

Graph No. 22: Drug release profile (F7-F9) Graph No. 23: Drug release profile (F10-F12)

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CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

120 120
100 100
Cum. % drug release

Cum. % drug release

80 80
60 F13 60 F16
40 F14 40 F17

20 F15 20 F18

0 0
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
Time
Time

Graph No. 24: Drug release profile (F13-F15) Graph No. 25: Drug release profile (F16-F18)

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CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Stability studies

The tablets formulation F9 was evaluated for different properties after three months of storage in accelerated temperature and

pressure. There is no change in colour and order of the tablets. Other properties are given in the following table.

Table No.52: C±2

Formulation F9

Hardness (kg/cm2) 3.2±0.22

Weight variation (mg) 180.6±0.07

Disintegration time (sec.) 16±0.04

Friability (%) 0.45±0.02

Thickness (mm) 3.5±0.01

Note: All values are expressed as mean ± SD. n=3.

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Table No.53: In vitro drug release study for stability testing of formulation F9 at 40˚ C±2

Time (Min.) 40 C±2 C

Amount of drug release (%)

0 0

5 92.83±0.012

10 98.99±0.013

15 -

20 -

25 -

30 -

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120

100

Cum. % drug release

80

60
Before
After
40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time

Graph No. 26. In-Vitro Drug Release of F9 Before Stability And After Stability at ˚C

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CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

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