CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.15: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F1)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0.00±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.015±0.001 0.05±0.010 0.0050±0.003 0.025±0.031 4.500±0.022 -
10 0.016±0.022 0.53±0.023 0.0053±0.001 0.026±0.003 4.770±0.028 0.025±0.030
15 0.018±0.020 0.60±0.002 0.0060±0.016 0.030±0.001 5.400±0.021 0.051±0.002
20 0.025±0.017 0.83±0.005 0.0084±0.002 0.041±0.006 7.470±0.032 0.081±0.003
25 0.027±0.008 0.90±0.022 0.0090±0.019 0.045±0.013 8.100±0.001 0.123±0.007
30 0.028±0.014 0.93±0.019 0.0093±0.032 0.046±0.001 8.370±0.005 0.168±0.018

Table No.16: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F1)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

4.500±0.004 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 45.91±0.004 1.661±0.022 54.09±0.006 1.733±0.003
4.790±0.001 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 48.92±0.001 1.689±0.001 51.08±0.003 1.708±0.007
5.410±0.009 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 55.62±0.020 1.745±0.004 44.38±0.021 1.647±0.031
7.550±0.005 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 77.05±0.003 1.885±0.008 22.95±0.003 1.360±0.044
8.220±0.001 5.000±0.000 1.396±0.000 83.90±0.007 1.923±0.011 16.10±0.012 1.206±0.076
8.530±0.006 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 87.12±0.001 1.940±0.012 12.88±0.015 1.109±0.038

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 2
1.8
100 f(x) = − 0.03 x + 1.95
1.6

Log cum. % drug retained

R² = 0.94
Cum. % drug release

f(x) = 1.9 x + 33.18 1.4

80 R² = 0.93
1.2
Zero order kinetics First order kinetics
60 1
Linear (Zero order kinetics ) Linear (First order kinetics)
0.8
40
0.6
0.4
20
0.2
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2
1.95
100
1.9 f(x) = 0.4 x + 1.34

Log cum. % drug release

R² = 0.87
Cum. % drug release

80 f(x) = 14.57 x + 7.6 1.85

R² = 0.91 1.8
Higuchi kinetics
60 1.75
Linear (Higuchi kinetics) Peppas kinetics
1.7
40
1.65 Linear (Peppas kinetics)
20 1.6
1.55
0 1.5
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.2: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F1)

Table No.17: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F2)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.017±0.005 0.56±0.016 0.0056±0.034 0.028±0.001 5.040±0.016 -

10 0.018±0.001 0.60±0.007 0.0060±0.021 0.030±0.003 5.400±0.015 0.028±0.007
15 0.019±0.007 0.63±0.023 0.0063±0.013 0.031±0.023 5.670±0.003 0.058±0.005

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

20 0.020±0.014 0.66±0.032 0.0066±0.021 0.033±0.010 5.940±0.007 0.089±0.014

25 0.021±0.018 0.70±0.013 0.0070±0.012 0.035±0.016 6.300±0.009 0.122±0.018
30 0.026±0.040 0.86±0.022 0.0086±0.004 0.043±0.014 7.740±0.021 0.157±0.017

Table No.18: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F2)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5.040±0.013 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 53.05±0.012 1.724±0.013 46.95±0.012 1.671±0.003
5.428±0.010 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 57.13±0.008 1.756±0.003 42.87±0.013 1.632±0.006
5.728±0.005 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 60.29±0.003 1.780±0.005 39.71±0.018 1.598±0.004
6.029±0.011 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 63.46±0.003 1.802±0.006 36.54±0.016 1.562±0.008

6.422±0.015 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 67.60±0.018 1.829±0.008 32.40±0.018 1.510±0.010

7.897±0.003 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 83.13±0.015 1.919±0.012 16.87±0.022 1.227±0.012

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 1.8
1.6 f(x) = − 0.01 x + 1.8
100 R² = 0.77

Log cum. % drug retained

1.4
Cum. % drug release

80 1.2
f(x) = 1.06 x + 45.61
R² = 0.87 Zero order kinetics 1 First order kinetics
60
Linear (Zero order kinetics) 0.8 Linear (First order kinetics)
40 0.6
0.4
20
0.2
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 1.95

100 1.9

Log cum. % drug release

1.85 f(x) = 0.21 x + 1.56
80
Cum. % drug release

R² = 0.78
f(x) = 7.9 x + 32.24 1.8
R² = 0.81 Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics
60
Linear (Higuchi kinetics) 1.75 Linear (Peppas kinetics)
40
1.7
20 1.65

0 1.6
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.3: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F2)

Table No.19: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F3)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.017±0.004 0.56±0.011 0.0056±0.006 0.028±0.001 5.040±0.012 -
10 0.018±0.014 0.60±0.06 0.0060±0.008 0.030±0.004 5.400±0.11 0.028±0.013
15 0.018±0.023 0.60±0.030 0.0060±0.006 0.030±0.008 5.400±0.002 0.058±0.003
20 0.019±0.027 0.63±0.005 0.0063±0.013 0.031±0.010 5.670±0.015 0.088±0.005
25 0.020±0.025 0.66±0.007 0.0066±0.050 0.033±0.011 5.940±0.016 0.119±0.016

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

30 0.031±0.013 1.03±0.001 0.0103±0.007 0.051±0.023 9.270±0.011 0.152±0.018

Table No.20: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F3)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5.040±0.001 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 51.95±0.010 1.715±0.004 48.05±0.004 1.681±0.002
5.428±0.005 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 55.95±0.013 1.747±0.007 44.05±0.006 1.643±0.004
5.458±0.013 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 56.26±0.006 1.750±0.009 43.74±0.005 1.640±0.005
5.758±0.012 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 59.36±0.007 1.773±0.011 40.64±0.012 1.608±0.003
6.059±0.016 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 62.46±0.003 1.795±0.016 37.54±0.003 1.574±0.012
9.422±0.015 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 97.13±0.006 1.987±0.017 2.87±0.023 0.457±0.003

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 1.8
f(x) = − 0.04 x + 2.07
1.6 R² = 0.5
100
1.4

Log cum. % drug retained

Cum.% drug release

80 1.2
f(x) = 1.42 x + 39
R² = 0.63 1
60
Zero order kinetics 0.8 First order kinetics
40 0.6
Linear (Zero order kinetics) 0.4 Linear (First order kinetics)
20
0.2
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2.05
2
100
1.95

Log cum. % drug release

1.9
Cum. % drug release

80
f(x) = 10.27 x + 22.39 1.85
R² = 0.55 f(x) = 0.25 x + 1.51
60 1.8 R² = 0.52
Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics
1.75
40
Linear (Higuchi kinetics) 1.7 Linear (Peppas kinetics)
20 1.65
1.6
0 1.55
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
Time Log T

Graph No.4: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F3)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.21: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F4)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.029±0.006 0.966±0.004 0.0096±0.007 0.048±0.013 8.64±0.010 -
10 0.031±0.008 1.003±0.006 0.0103±0.016 0.051±0.009 9.27±0.012 0.048±0.011
15 0.037±0.013 1.230±0.005 0.0123±0.017 0.061±0.032 10.8±0.023 0.099±0.001
20 0.041±0.010 1.360±0.018 0.0136±0.013 0.065±0.021 11.7±0.021 0.160±0.003
25 0.042±0.009 1.400±0.018 0.0140±0.017 0.070±0.021 12.6±0.011 0.225±0.005
30 0.045±0.017 1.500±0.003 0.0150±0.019 0.075±0.014 13.5±0.018 0.295±0.002

Table No.22: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F4)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

8.640±0.014 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 89.0±0.003 1.949±0.011 11.00±0.006 1.041±0.007
9.318±0.010 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 96.0±0.007 1.82±0.012 4.00±0.007 0.602±0.008
10.890±0.011 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 - - - -
11.860±0.006 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 - - - -
12.820±0.005 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -
13.790±0.018 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

98 1.2
f(x) = 1.4 x + 82
96 R² = 1
1 f(x) = − 0.09 x + 1.48
R² = 1

Log cum. % drug retained

94
0.8
Cum. % drug release

92
Zero order kinetics
0.6
90 Linear (Zero order kinetics)
First order kinetics
0.4
88
Linear (First order kinetics)
86 0.2

84 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

98 2
f(x) = 7.56 x + 72.1 f(x) = 0.07 x + 1.93
96 R² = 1 R² = 1
2

Log cum. % drug release

94 1.99
um. % drug release

92 1.99
90 Higuchi kinetics 1.98 Peppas kinetics

88 1.98 Linear (Peppas kinetics)

Linear (Higuchi kinetics)
86 1.97

84 1.97
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.5: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F4)

Table No.23: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F5)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.018±0.006 0.60±0.007 0.0060±0.013 0.030±0.013 5.400±0.007 -
10 0.019±0.008 0.63±0.013 0.0063±0.007 0.031±0.011 5.670±0.005 0.030±0.013
15 0.023±0.013 0.76±0.033 0.0076±0.020 0.038±0.010 6.840±0.006 0.061±0.006
20 0.024±0.009 0.80±0.023 0.0080±0.012 0.040±0.013 7.200±0.008 0.099±0.014
25 0.026±0.014 0.86±0.006 0.0086±0.004 0.043±0.007 7.740±0.007 0.139±0.007

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

30 0.028±0.007 0.93±0.018 0.0093 ±0.016 0.046±0.017 8.370±0.015 0.182±0.015

Table No.24: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F5)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5.400±0.013 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 55.10±0.009 1.741±0.007 44.90±0.014 1.652±0.012
5.700±0.015 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 58.16±0.012 1.764±0.011 41.84±0.018 1.621±0.011
6.901±0.019 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 70.42±0.015 1.847±0.017 29.58±0.011 1.470±0.014
7.299±0.027 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 74.48±0.017 1.872±0.019 25.52±0.013 1.406±0.015
7.879±0.012 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 80.40±0.018 1.905±0.016 19.60±0.016 1.292±0.014
8.552±0.007 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 87.27±0.014 1.940±0.014 12.72±0.015 1.104±0.016

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 1.8
1.6 f(x) = − 0.02 x + 1.8
100 R² = 0.96

Log cum. % drug retained

1.4
Cum. % drug release

80 f(x) = 1.32 x + 47.81 1.2

R² = 0.98
1
60
0.8 First order kinetics
Zero order kinetics
40 0.6
Linear (First order kinetics)
Linear (Zero order kinetics) 0.4
20
0.2
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2
1.95
100

Log cum. % drug release

1.9 f(x) = 0.26 x + 1.54
R² = 0.94
Cum. % drug release

80 f(x) = 10.23 x + 29.66

R² = 0.97 1.85
60 1.8
Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics
1.75
40
Linear (Higuchi kinetics) Linear (Peppas kinetics)
1.7
20
1.65
0 1.6
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.6: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F5)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.25: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F6)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.019±0.013 0.63±0.007 0.0063±0.005 0.031±0.007 5.670±0.004 -
10 0.021±0.011 0.70±0.010 0.0070±0.008 0.035±0.013 6.300±0.007 0.031±0.013
15 0.026±0.009 0.86±0.007 0.0086±0.013 0.043±0.016 7.740±0.009 0.066±0.007
20 0.028±0.005 0.93±0.011 0.0093±0.017 0.046±0.011 8.370±0.012 0.109±0.008
25 0.029±0.006 0.96±0.015 0.0096±0.017 0.048±0.012 8.640±0.013 0.155±0.010
30 0.035±0.012 1.16±0.019 0.0116±0.012 0.058±0.013 10.440±0.017 0.203±0.015

Table No.26: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F6)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5.670±0.017 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 56.0±0.013 1.748±0.017 44.00±0.010 1.643±0.013
6.331±0.012 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 63.3±0.010 1.801±0.012 36.70±0.013 1.564±0.016
7.800±0.014 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 78.0±0.019 1.892±0.015 22.00±0.007 1.342±0.014
8.470±0.018 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 84.7±0.013 1.927±0.016 15.30±0.019 1.184±0.010
8.790±0.015 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 87.9±0.016 1.943±0.014 12.10±0.015 1.082±0.008
10.600±0.020 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

1.8
Zero order kinetics First order kinetics
1.6 f(x) = − 0.03 x + 1.81
100 R² = 0.98
f(x) = 1.7 x + 48.42 1.4
90 R² = 0.95

Log cum. % drug retained

80 1.2
70
Cum. % drug release

1
60
50 Zero order kinetics 0.8
First order kinetics
40
0.6
30 Linear (Zero order kinetics) Linear (First order
20 0.4 kinetics)
10 0.2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time
Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

100 2
90 f(x) = 12.48 x + 27.18
R² = 0.97 1.95 f(x) = 0.3 x + 1.53
80 R² = 0.96

Log cum. % drug release

70 1.9
Cum. % drug release

60 1.85
Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics
50
Linear (Higuchi kinetics) 1.8 Linear (Peppas kinetics)
40
30 1.75
20
1.7
10
0 1.65
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.7: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F6)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.27: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F7)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.027±0.007 0.90±0.003 0.0090±0.008 0.045±0.008 8.100±0.003 -
10 0.030±0.008 1.00±0.009 0.0100±0.013 0.050±0.006 9.000±0.009 0.045±0.011
15 0.032±0.005 1.06±0.007 0.0106±0.017 0.053±0.011 9.540±0.006 0.095±0.015
20 0.037±0.013 1.23±0.013 0.0123±0.015 0.061±0.013 11.070±0.008 0.148±0.012
25 0.038±0.015 1.26±0.012 0.0126±0.010 0.063±0.017 11.340±0.011 0.209±0.014
30 0.039±0.013 1.30±0.015 0.0130±0.018 0.065±0.012 11.700±0.013 0.272±0.008

Table No.28: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F7)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

8.100±0.005 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 84.3±0.012 1.925±0.008 15.70±0.008 1.195±0.010
9.045±0.008 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 94.1±0.010 1.973±0.009 5.90±0.009 0.770±0.012
9.595±0.013 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 99.8±0.008 1.999±0.007 0.20±0.008 0.698±0.013
11.210±0.017 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 - - - -
11.540±0.019 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -
11.970±0.013 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

105 1.4
f(x) = 1.55 x + 77.23
R² = 0.98 1.2
100

Log cum. % drug retained

f(x) = − 0.05 x + 1.38
1
Cum. % drug release

95 R² = 0.86
0.8
90
0.6 First order kinetics
Zero order kinetics
85
0.4
Linear (Zero order kinetics) Linear (First order kinetics)
80 0.2

75 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2.02
f(x) = 0.16 x + 1.82
f(x) = 9.53 x + 63.29 R² = 1
100 R² = 0.99 2

Log cum.% drug release

1.98
Cum. % drug release

80
1.96
60 Peppas kinetics
Higuchi kinetics 1.94
40 Linear (Peppas kinetics)
1.92
Linear (Higuchi kinetics)
20 1.9

0 1.88
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.8: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F7)

Table No. 29: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F8)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.031±0.005 1.03±0.004 0.0103±0.013 0.051±0.007 9.270±0.010 -
10 0.031±0.009 1.03±0.007 0.0103±0.014 0.051±0.008 9.270±0.020 0.051±0.017
15 0.032±0.011 1.06±0.013 0.0106±0.013 0.053±0.010 9.540±0.013 0.102±0.019

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

20 0.032±0.012 1.06±0.013 0.0106±0.010 0.053±0.012 9.540±0.010 0.155±0.010

25 0.033±0.010 1.10±0.011 0.0110±0.008 0.055±0.010 9.900±0.012 0.208±0.018
30 0.041±0.013 1.36±0.017 0.0136±0.003 0.068±0.011 12.240±0.008 0.263± 0.020

Table No.30: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F8)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

9.270±0.011 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 97.5±0.017 1.989±0.018 2.50±0.013 0.397±0.010
9.320±0.017 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 98.1±0.018 1.991±0.022 1.90±0.025 0.2781.±0.018
9.640±0.019 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 - - - -
9.690±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 - - - -
10.100±0.010 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -
12.500±0.016 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

101 0.45

f(x) = 0.12 x + 96.9 0.4

100 R² = 1 f(x) = − 0.02 x + 0.52
0.35 R² = 1

Log cum. % drug retained

99 0.3
Cum. % drug release

0.25
98 First order kinetics
0.2
Zero order kinetics
97 0.15 Linear (First order kinetics)
Linear (Zero order kinetics) 0.1
96
0.05
95 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

98.2 1.99
f(x) = 0.65 x + 96.05 f(x) = 0.01 x + 1.98
98.1 R² = 1 1.99 R² = 1
98
1.99

Log cum. % drug release

97.9
Cum. % drug release

97.8 1.99
97.7 1.99 Peppas kinetics
Higuchi kinetics
97.6 1.99
Linear (Peppas kinetics)
97.5
Linear (Higuchi kinetics) 1.99
97.4
97.3 1.99
97.2 1.99
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.9: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F8)

Table No. 31: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F9)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.029±0.010 0.96±0.011 0.0096±0.019 0.048±0.011 8.640±0.013 -
10 0.030±0.013 1.00±0.014 0.0100±0.018 0.050±0.015 9.000±0.008 0.048±0.011
15 0.031±0.011 1.03±0.012 0.0103±0.018 0.051±0.013 9.270±0.012 0.098±0.013
20 0.031±0.012 1.03±0.011 0.0103±0.014 0.051±0.015 9.270±0.010 0.149±0.008
25 0.037±0.008 1.23±0.013 0.0123±0.013 0.061±0.017 11.070±0.008 0.200±0.009

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

30 0.053±0.011 1.76±0.018 0.0176±0.012 0.088±0.018 15.840±0.015 0.261±0.012

Table No.32: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F9)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

8.640±0.011 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 94.94±0.010 1.977±0.008 5.06±0.007 0.704±0.011
9.048±0.017 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 99.40±0.009 1.997±0.009 0.60±0.008 0.221±0.012
9.360±0.013 3.872±0.000 1176±0.000 - - - -
9.417±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 - - - -
11.270±0.015 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -
16.101±0.012 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 0.8
f(x) = 0.89 x + 90.48
R² = 1 0.7
100 f(x) = − 0.1 x + 1.19
R² = 1

Log cum. % drug retained

0.6
Cum. % drug release

80
0.5
60 0.4
First order kinetics
Zero order kinetics 0.3
40
0.2 Linear (First order kinetics)
Linear (Zero order kinetics)
20
0.1
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Pppas kinetics

100 2
f(x) = 4.82 x + 84.17 f(x) = 0.07 x + 1.93
99 R² = 1 2 R² = 1

98

Log cum. % drug release

1.99
Cum. % drug release

97
1.99
96 Pppas kinetics
Higuchi kinetics 1.98
95
Linear (Pppas kinetics)
Linear (Higuchi kinetics) 1.98
94
93 1.97

92 1.97
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Graph No.10: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F9)

Table No. 33: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F10)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.021±0.008 0.70±0.012 0.0063±0.033 0.035±0.012 6.300±0.011 -
10 0.023±0.006 0.76±0.017 0.0076±0.031 0.038±0.021 6.840±0.017 0.035±0.015
15 0.025±0.008 0.83±0.021 0.0083±0.024 0.041±0.016 7.470±0.015 0.073±0.019
20 0.029±0.011 0.96±0.019 0.0096±0.020 0.048±0.014 8.640±0.013 0.114±0.020
25 0.032±0.015 1.06±0.031 0.0106±0.022 0.053±0.013 9.540±010 0.162±0.014
30 0.047±0.013 1.56±0.022 0.0156±0.018 0.078±0.012 14.400±0.010 0.215±0.012

Table No.34: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F10)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

6.300±0.009 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 67.7±0.013 1.830±0.013 32.30±0.013 1.509±0.013
6.870±0.012 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 73.8±0.017 1.868±0.016 26.20±0.020 1.418±0.021
7.540±0.11 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 81.0±0.015 1.908±0.014 19.00±0.016 1.278±0.016
8.750±0.008 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 94.0±0.022 1.973±0.017 6.00±0.014 0.778±0.018
9.700±0.017 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -
14.250±0.022 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 88

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

100 1.6
f(x) = 1.72 x + 57.6 f(x) = − 0.05 x + 1.83
90 R² = 0.97 1.4 R² = 0.85
80

Log cum. % drug retained

1.2
70
Cum. % drug release

60 1
50 0.8
40 First order kinetics
Zero order kinetics 0.6
30
0.4 Linear (First order kinetics)
20 Linear (Zero order kinetics)
10 0.2
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

100
f(x) = 11.3 x + 40.3 2
90 R² = 0.92 f(x) = 0.22 x + 1.66
80 R² = 0.9
1.95

Log cum. % drug release

70
Cum. % drug release

60 1.9
50
Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics
40 1.85
30 Linear (Higuchi kinetics)
Linear (Peppas kinetics)
20 1.8
10
0 1.75
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.11: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F10)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No. 35: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F11)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.025±0.011 0.83±0.017 0.0083±0.013 0.041±0.012 7.470±0.012 -
10 0.026±0.012 0.86±0.012 0.0086±0.010 0.043±0.015 7.740±0.016 0.041±0.008
15 0.027±0.008 0.90±0.009 0.0090±0.019 0.045±0.020 8.100±0.012 0.084±0.010
20 0.028±0.008 0.93±0.012 0.0093±0.014 0.046±0.017 8.370±0.014 0.129±0.012
25 0.029±0.014 0.96±0.019 0.0096±0.013 0.048±0.014 8.640±0.014 0.176±0.010
30 0.029±0.018 0.96±0.014 0.0096±0.014 0.048±0.011 8.640±0.011 0.224±0.09

Table No.36: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F11)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

7.470±0.013 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 81.19±0.011 1.909±0.012 18.81±0.011 1.274±0.009
7.781±0.016 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 84.58±0.015 1.927±0.013 15.42±0.014 1.188±0.008
8.184±0.018 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 88.96±0.013 1.949±0.011 11.04±0.013 1.042±0.012
8.499±0.017 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 92.38±0.012 1.965±0.010 7.62±0.009 0.881±0.020
8.816±0.014 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 95.82±0.010 1.981±0.008 4.18±0.012 0.621±0.017
8.864±0.013 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 96.34±0.018 1.983±0.007 3.66±0.013 0.563±0.010

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

100 1.4
f(x) = 0.65 x + 78.59 1.2 f(x) = − 0.03 x + 1.47
95 R² = 0.97 R² = 0.97

Log cum. % drug retained

1
Cum. % drug release

90
0.8
85 First order kinetics
Zero order kinetics 0.6
80 Linear (First order kinetics)
0.4
Linear (Zero order kinetics)
75 0.2

70 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

100 2

95 f(x) = 5.06 x + 69.46 1.98 f(x) = 0.1 x + 1.83

R² = 0.98 R² = 0.97
1.96

Log cum. % drug release

Cum. % drug release

90
1.94
85 Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics
1.92
80 Linear (Higuchi kinetics) Linear (Peppas kinetics)
1.9
75 1.88

70 1.86
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.12: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F11)

Table No.37: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F12)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.031±0.008 1.03±0.013 0.0103±0.017 0.051±0.013 9.270±0.016 -
10 0.032±0.013 1.06±0.008 0.0106±0.012 0.053±0.016 9.540±0.011 0.051±0.012
15 0.033±0.011 1.10±0.015 0.0110±0.014 0.055±0.018 9.900±0.015 0.104±0.014
20 0.034±0.010 1.13±0.016 0.0113±0.012 0.056±0.014 10.170±0.010 0.159±0.016

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

25 0.036±0.009 1.20±0.012 0.0120±0.015 0.060±0.012 10.180±0.012 0.216±0.017

30 0.038±0.014 1.26±0.010 0.0126±0.018 0.063±0.015 11.340±0.014 0.276±0.018

Table No.38: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F12)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

9.270±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 95.76±0.017 1.981±0.014 4.24±0.013 0.627±0.015
9.590±0.018 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 99.08±0.015 1.995±0.013 0.92±0.015 0.036±0.016
10.004±0.020 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 - - - -
10.320±0.011 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 - - - -
11.016±0.016 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -
11.616±0.014 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallige college of pharmacy, Bangalore Page 93

 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

100
0.7
f(x) = 0.66 x + 92.44
R² = 1 0.6 f(x) = − 0.12 x + 1.22
99 R² = 1
0.5

Log cum. % drug retained

Cum.% drug release

98
0.4
First order kinetics
97
Zero order kinetics 0.3
Linear (First order kinetics)
96
Linear (Zero order kinetics) 0.2

95 0.1

94 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

100 2
f(x) = 3.59 x + 87.74 f(x) = 0.05 x + 1.95
R² = 1 R² = 1
99 2

Log cum. % drug release

Cum. % drug release

98 1.99

97 Higuchi kinetics 1.99

Peppas kinetics
96 1.98
Linear (Higuchi kinetics) Linear (Peppas kinetics)
95 1.98

94 1.97
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.13: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F12)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.39: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F13)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.014±0.008 0.46±0.013 0.0046±0.015 0.023±0.012 4.140±0.014 -
10 0.014±0.013 0.50±0.008 0.0050±0.014 0.025±0.017 4.500±0.013 0.023±0.012
15 0.019±0.010 0.63±0.015 0.0063±0.016 0.031±0.019 5.670±0.015 0.048±0.014
20 0.021±0.009 0.70±0.014 0.0070±0.012 0.035±0.013 6.300±0.010 0.079±0.015
25 0.024±0.008 0.80±0.012 0.0080±0.015 0.040±0.012 7.200±0.011 0.114±0.018
30 0.027±0.016 0.90±0.012 0.0090±0.018 0.045±0.014 8.100±0.013 0.154±0.017

Table No. 40: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F13)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

4.140±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 43.12±0.017 1.634±0.014 56.88±0.013 1.754±0.013
4.523±0.019 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 47.11±0.014 1.673±0.015 52.89±0.015 1.723±0.014
5.718±0.018 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 59.56±0.013 1.774±0.012 40.44±0.014 1.606±0.016
6.379±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 66.45±0.015 1.822±0.017 33.55±0.013 1.525±0.015
7.314±0.016 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 76.19±0.013 1.881±0.015 23.81±0.015 1.376±0.014
8.254±0.014 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 85.98±0.014 1.934±0.013 15.00±0.014 1.176±0.016

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

100 2
90 1.8
f(x) = − 0.02 x + 1.93
80 f(x) = 1.76 x + 32.23 1.6 R² = 0.95

Log cum. % drug retained

R² = 0.99
70 1.4
Cum. % drug release

60 1.2
50 1
Zero order kinetics
40 0.8 First order kinetics

30 Linear (Zero order kinetics) 0.6 Linear (First order kinetics)

20 0.4
10 0.2
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

100 2
90
1.9
80 f(x) = 13.5 x + 8.57 f(x) = 0.39 x + 1.33
R² = 0.93

Log cum. % drug release

70 R² = 0.96
1.8
Cum. % drug release

60
50 1.7
Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics
40
1.6
30 Linear (Higuchi kinetics) Linear (Peppas kinetics )
20
1.5
10
0 1.4
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.14: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F13)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.41: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F14)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.020±0.008 0.66±0.013 0.0066±0.017 0.033±0.014 5.940±0.016 -
10 0.021±0.013 0.70±0.008 0.0070±0.012 0.035±0.015 6.300±0.011 0.033±0.012
15 0.023±0.010 0.76±0.013 0.0076±0.014 0.038±0.019 6.840±0.013 0.068±0.014
20 0.026±0.009 0.86±0.016 0.0086±0.013 0.043±0.015 7.740±0.012 0.106±0.017
25 0.027±0.008 0.90±0.014 0.0090±0.017 0.045±0.011 8.100±0.014 0.149±0.018
30 0.031±0.014 1.03±0.012 0.0103±0.018 0.051±0.016 9.270±0.013 0.194±0.017

Table No.42: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F14)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5.940±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 61.74±0.017 1.790±0.016 38.26±0.013 1.582±0.015
6.333±0.018 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 65.83±0.015 1.818±0.015 34.17±0.017 1.533±0.014
6.908±0.020 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 71.80±0.014 1.856±0.012 28.20±0.014 1.450±0.017
7.846±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 81.55±0.016 1.911±0.017 18.45±0.012 1.265±0.013
8.249±0.016 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 85.74±0.013 1.933±0.015 14.26±0.015 1.154±0.014
9.464±0.015 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 98.37±0.015 1.992±0.013 1.63±0.014 0.212±0.015

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 1.8
f(x) = − 0.05 x + 2.02
1.6 R² = 0.73
100
1.4

Log cum. % drug retained

f(x) = 1.44 x + 52.24
Cum. % drug release

80 R² = 0.97 1.2
1
60
Zero order kinetics 0.8 First order kinetics
40 0.6
Linear (Zero order kinetics) Linear (First order kinetics)
0.4
20
0.2
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2.05
2
100
1.95

Log cum. % drug release

f(x) = 10.97 x + 33.22 f(x) = 0.25 x + 1.59
Cum. % drug release

80 R² = 0.93 R² = 0.89
1.9
60 Higuchi kinetics 1.85
Peppas kinetics
1.8
40 Linear (Higuchi kinetics)
1.75 Linear (Peppas kinetics)
20
1.7
0 1.65
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.15: Study of dissolution data using different release kinetics models of formulation (F14)

Table No.43: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F15)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.027±0.008 0.90±0.013 0.0090±0.017 0.045±0.014 8.100±0.014 -
10 0.028±0.013 0.93±0.009 0.0093±0.014 0.046±0.015 8.370±0.013 0.045±0.014
15 0.029±0.010 0.96±0.015 0.0096±0.015 0.048±0.017 8.640±0.015 0.091±0.015
20 0.031±0.009 1.03±0.014 0.0103±0.013 0.051±0.013 9.270±0.010 0.139±0.017

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

25 0.033±0.008 1.10±0.012 0.0110±0.015 0.055±0.012 9.900±0.011 0.191±0.018

30 0.037±0.014 1.12±0.011 0.0123±0.018 0.061±0.014 11.070±0.013 0.246±0.016

Table No.44: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F15)

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

8.100±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 84.99±0.015 1.929±0.014 15.01±0.013 1.176±0.015
8.415±0.017 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 88.30±0.014 1.945±0.015 11.70±0.015 1.068±0.014
8.731±0.019 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 91.62±0.013 1.961±0.012 8.38±0.016 0.923±0.016
9.409±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 98.73±0.015 1.994±0.016 1.27±0.014 0.103±0.013
10.091±0.018 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -
11.316±0.015 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

100 1.4
f(x) = 0.89 x + 79.78
R² = 0.96 f(x) = − 0.07 x + 1.66
1.2 R² = 0.79
95

Log cum. % drug retained

1
Cum. % drug release

90 0.8

0.6 First order kinetics

85 Zero order kinetics
0.4 Linear (First order kinetics)
80 Linear (Zero order kinetics)
0.2

75 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

100 2
f(x) = 5.84 x + 70.84 f(x) = 0.1 x + 1.85
R² = 0.92 R² = 0.86
95 1.98

Log cum. % drug release

Cum. % drug release

1.96
90

Higuchi kinetics 1.94

85 Peppas kinetics

Linear (Higuchi kinetics) 1.92 Linear (Peppas kinetics)

80
1.9
75
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 1.88
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T
Log T

Graph No.16: Study of dissolution data using different

release kinetics models of formulation (F15)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.45: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F16)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.023±0.008 0.76±0.013 0.0076±0.015 0.038±0.012 6.840±0.016 -
10 0024±0.011 0.80±0.008 0.0080±0.012 0.040±0.015 7.200±0.012 0.038±0.014
15 0.027±0.012 0.90±0.015 0.0090±0.016 0.045±0.019 8.100±0.013 0.078±0.016
20 0.030±0.009 1.00±0.014 0.0100±0.013 0.050±0.013 9.000±0.012 0.123±0.015
25 0.031±0.010 1.03±0.013 0.0103±0.015 0.051±0.012 9.270±0.011 0.173±0.018
30 0.036±0.015 1.20±0.012 0.0120±0.018 0.060±0.014 10.800±0.013 0.224±0.016

Table No.46: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F16)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

6.840±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 74.18±0.015 1.870±0.016 25.82±0.013 1.411±0.015
7.238±0.018 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 78.50±0.016 1.894±0.015 21.50±0.017 1.464±0.014
8.178±0.020 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 88.69±0.013 1.947±0.012 1.06±0.014 1.053±0.017
9.123±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 98.94±0.014 1.995±0.015 ±0.013 0.025±0.015
9.443±0.018 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 - - - -
11023±0.014 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 - - - -

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 1.6
f(x) = − 0.09 x + 2.06
f(x) = 1.69 x + 63.96 1.4 R² = 0.8
100 R² = 0.97
1.2

Log cum. % drug retained

Cum. % drug release

80
1
60 0.8 First order kinetics
Zero order kinetics 0.6
40 Linear (First order kinetics)
Linear (Zero order kinetics) 0.4
20
0.2
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2.05

100 f(x) = 11.09 x + 46.97

R² = 0.93 2

Log cum. % drug release

f(x) = 0.03 x + 1.84
Cum. % drug release

80 R² = 0.77
1.95
60
Higuchi kinetics 1.9 Peppas kinetics
40
Linear (Higuchi kinetics) Linear (Peppas kinetics)
1.85
20

0 1.8
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
√T Log T

Graph No.17: Study of dissolution data using different

release kinetics models of formulation (F16)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.47: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F17)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.023±0.008 0.76±0.011 0.0076±0.015 0.038±0.012 6.840±0.014 -
10 0.025±0.013 0.83±0.010 0.0083±0.013 0.041±0.015 7.470±0.012 0.038±0.014
15 0.027±0.010 0.90±0.013 0.0090±0.016 0.045±0.017 8.100±0.014 0.079±0.016
20 0.028±0.009 0.93±0.016 0.0093±0.013 0.046±0.014 8.370±0.010 0.124±0.015
25 0.29±0.008 0.96±0.013 0.0096±0.015 0.048±0.013 8.640±0.013 0.171±0.018
30 0.031±0.016 1.03±0.012 0.0103±0.018 0.051±0.015 9.270±0.014 0.219±0.016

Table No.48: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F17)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

6.840±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 64.52±0.015 1.809±0.015 35.48±0.013 1.549±0.015
7.508±0.019 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 70.83±0.016 1.850±0.013 29.17±0.015 1.464±0.014
8.179±0.018 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 77.16±0.013 1.887±0.012 22.84±0.016 1.358±0.017
8.494±0.013 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 80.13±0.016 1.903±0.017 19.87±0.013 1.298±0.014
8.811±0.016 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 83.12±0.014 1.919±0.016 16.88±0.015 1.227±0.013
9.489±0.013 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 89.51±0.015 1.951±0.013 10.49±0.014 1.020±0.015

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 1.8
1.6
100 f(x) = − 0.02 x + 1.66
1.4

Log cum. % drug retained

R² = 0.96
Cum. % drug release

80 f(x) = 0.94 x + 61.07

R² = 0.98 1.2
1
60
Zero order kinetics 0.8
First order kinetics
40 0.6
Linear (Zero order kinetics)
0.4 Linear (First order kinetics)
20
0.2
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

100 2
90
f(x) = 7.35 x + 47.87 1.95
80
R² = 0.99

Log cum. % drug release

f(x) = 0.17 x + 1.68
70
Cum. % drug release

1.9 R² = 0.98
60
50 Higuchi kinetics 1.85
40 Peppas kinetics
Linear (Higuchi kinetics) 1.8
30 Linear (Peppas kinetics)
20
1.75
10
0 1.7
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
√T Log T

Graph No.18: Study of dissolution data using different

release kinetics models of formulation (F17)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.49: In vitro dissolution study of Formulation (F18)

Time Absorbance Conc. Conc. Amt. Amt. CDL

(Min.) (µg/ml) (mg/ml) in 5ml in 900ml

0 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

5 0.022±0.008 0.73±0.013 0.0073±0.017 0.036±0.012 6.570±0.014 -
10 0.025±0.012 0.83±0.009 0.0083±0.012 0.041±0.015 7.470±0.011 0.036±0.013
15 0.028±0.012 0.93±0.015 0.0093±0.014 0.046±0.017 8.370±0.014 0.078±0.016
20 0.028±0.009 0.93±0.014 0.0093±0.013 0.046±0.015 8.370±0.012 0.124±0.015
25 0.029±0.010 0.96±0.012 0.0096±0.016 0.048±0.013 8.640±0.013 0.171±0.018
30 0.033±0.016 1.10±0.011 0.0110±0.018 0.055±0.014 9.900±0.013 0.219±0.017

Table No.50: Data for Kinetic Drug Release (F18)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

CDR √T Log T Cum. % drug Log % Cum % Drug Log

release Cum. drug retained Cum. %
release Drug retained

0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000 0±0.000

6.570±0.016 2.236±0.000 0.698±0.000 65.04±0.016 1.813±0.014 34.96±0.013 1.543±0.015
7.506±0.019 3.162±0.000 1.000±0.000 74.31±0.014 1.871±0.013 25.69±0.015 1.409±0.014
8.448±0.018 3.872±0.000 1.176±0.000 83.64±0.013 1.922±0.015 16.36±0.016 1.213±0.017
8.494±0.011 4.472±0.000 1.301±0.000 84.10±0.016 1.924±0.017 15.90±0.013 1.201±0.013
8.811±0.016 5.000±0.000 1.397±0.000 87.23±0.014 1.940±0.014 12.77±0.015 1.106±0.014
10.110±0.015 5.477±0.000 1.477±0.000 ----±0.014 ±0.014 ±0.015 ±0.015

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Zero order kinetics First order kinetics

120 1.8
1.6
100
1.4 f(x) = − 0.02 x + 1.62

Log Cum. % drug retained

f(x) = 1.08 x + 62.61 R² = 0.93
Cum. % drug release

80 R² = 0.88 1.2
1
60
Zero order kinetics 0.8 First order kinetics
40 0.6
Linear (Zero order kinetics) Linear (First order kinetics)
0.4
20
0.2
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Higuchi kinetics Peppas kinetics

120 2

100 1.95 f(x) = 0.19 x + 1.69

Log cum. % drug release

R² = 0.97
f(x) = 8.11 x + 48.45
Cum. % drug release

80 R² = 0.94 1.9

60 1.85 Peppas kinetics

Higuchi kinetics

40 1.8 Linear (Peppas kinetics)

Linear (Higuchi kinetics)
20 1.75

0 1.7
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

√T Log T

Graph No.19: Study of dissolution data using different

release kinetics models of formulation (F18)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

Table No.51: Differents kinetic models of fast dissolving tablet of Montelukast Sodium
Code Zero order First order Higuchi Peppas
2 2 2
R R R R2
F1 0.9338 0.9352 0.9075 0.8709
F2 0.8729 0.7668 0.8058 0.7825
F3 0.6342 0.5017 0.548 0.5193
F4 1 1 1 1
F5 0.9786 0.9636 0.9665 0.9359
F6 0.9524 0.9798 0.9685 0.9627
F7 0.9772 0.856 0.9943 0.9996
F8 1 1 1 1
F9 1 1 1 1
F10 0.9661 0.8537 0.9247 0.8982
F11 0.9699 0.9749 0.9848 0.9703
F12 1 1 1 1
F13 0.9895 0.9494 0.9591 0.9345
F14 0.9731 0.7329 0.9284 0.8941
F15 0.9582 0.7937 0.9159 0.8647
F16 0.9715 0.8038 0.9307 0.7685
F17 0.9801 0.9594 0.9865 0.9784
F18 0.8837 0.9308 0.9389 0.9675

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

120 120

100 100

80 80
Cum. % drug release

Cum. % drug release

60 60
F1 F4
F2 F5
40 F3 40 F6

20 20

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Graph No. 20: Drug release profile (F1-F3) Graph No. 21: Drug release profile (F4-F6)
120 120

100 100

80 80
Cum. % drug release

Cum. % drug release

60 60
F7 F10
F8 F11
40 F9 40 F12

20 20

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Graph No. 22: Drug release profile (F7-F9) Graph No. 23: Drug release profile (F10-F12)

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

120 120

100 100

80 80
Cum. % drug release

Cum. % drug release

60 60
F13 F16
F14 F17
40 F15 40 F18

20 20

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time Time

Graph No. 24: Drug release profile (F13-F15) Graph No. 25: Drug release profile (F16-F18)

Stability studies

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

The tablets formulation F9 was evaluated for different properties after three months of storage in accelerated temperature and

pressure. There is no change in colour and order of the tablets. Other properties are given in the following table.

Table No.52: Stability study of Formulation F9 at 40ͦC±2

Formulation F9
Note: All values are expressed as Hardness (kg/cm2) 3.2±0.22 mean ± SD. n=3.

Weight variation (mg) 180.6±0.07

Disintegration time (sec.) 16±0.04
Friability (%) 0.45±0.02
Thickness (mm) 3.5±0.01
Table No.53: In vitro drug release study for

Time (Min.) 40ͦC±2ͦC

Amount of drug release (%)
0 0
5 92.83±0.012
10 98.99±0.013
15 -
20 -
25 -
30 -

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 CHAPTER-5 RESULTS

120

100

80
Cum. % drug release

60
Before
After
40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time

Graph No. 26. In-Vitro Drug Release of F9 Before Stability And After Stability at 40˚C

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 CHAPTER-5
RESULTS

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