‫جامعة األزهر‬

‫كلية اللغات والترجمة‬

‫املشروع البحثى لطالب سنوات النقل للفصل الدراسي الثاني ‪2019/2020‬م‬

‫قسم‪ /‬الدراسات االسالمية شعبة ‪/‬اللغة االنجليزية‬

‫الثالثة خطة حديثة‬ ‫الفرقـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــة‬

‫مناهج المفسرين‬ ‫امل ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــادة‬
‫ً‬
‫رباعيا‬ ‫اسم الطالب‬
‫عبدالرحمن أحمد نصرهللا جاد‬
‫‪3039‬‬ ‫رقم الجلوس‬
‫‪29906162601758‬‬ ‫الرقم القومي‬
‫‪Abdonasrallah550@gmail.com‬‬ ‫إيميل الطالب‬
‫د‪/‬كمال بريقع عبدالسالم‬ ‫أستاذ املادة‬
‫إيميل الكونترول‬
‫الرقم السري‬

‫تاريخ إعادة البحث‬ ‫الدرجات‬ ‫تقييم البحث‬

‫‪............‬ـ ‪ /‬يونيو‪2020 /‬م‬ ‫ناجح‬
‫بعد تقييمه للكنترول‬
‫راسب‬
‫تاريخ رصد نتيجة‬
‫‪2020/ .......... / ............‬م‬ ‫غائب بعذر مقبول‬
‫تقييم البحث‬ ‫غائب بعذر غير مقبول‬
‫‪Introduction‬‬

‫‪In the name of Allah the most gracious , the most merciful and peace and‬‬
‫‪pleasing be upon our master prophet Mohammed(PBUH) and his family‬‬
‫‪,and his companions, to proceed‬‬

‫‪All praise is to Allah who bright the hearts by Quran and revealed it in a‬‬
‫‪.great words and most challenge style‬‬
2

He revealed the Quran "guides to that which is most suitable and gives
good tidings to the believers who do righteous deeds that they will have a
."great reward

He(Glory be to him) put inside it from rulings, wisdom, and science what
make anyone get benefit from it. It make minds surprised, pursuit the
souls, and satisfied chests and hearts. From amongst its miraculous is
science of the Quran which is have all the honor includes subject, purpose
.and needy

With seek and favor of Allah, I'm going to write in this science about

according to the system of our semester and )the collection of the Quran(
.our professor's command to do it

:I'll divide it into five main parts as follow

.Summary fragment about the Quran and its collection )1

.First stage: Era of the prophet (PBUH) )2

.Second stage: Era of Abu Bakr and first writing )3

.Third stage: Era of Othman and second writing )4

.Significance of the Quran's preservation )5

Finally I'll write a short conclusion and put the References of this
.research in the last page

Summary fragment about the Quran and its collection

The Quran have been preserved in its original forms and Allah has taken
:it upon Himself to guard and protect it, He says

indeed, we have sent down this remembrance(the Quran), and we are "
going to protect it (from tampering)". It's the only divinely-revealed

:‫البريد االلكترونــى‬ ‫ القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية‬-‫ مدينة نصر‬-‫شارع الشهيد‬

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scriptures whose preservation has been promised by Allah who has been
.favoured the Umma and the Prophet by this part over other nations

The Quran that is presented today is the same one that the
prophet(PBUH) taught to the companions.(1)

The Quran was revealed to the prophet (PBUH) in sections throughout

the twenty-three years of his prophet hood. Whenever Allah wanted to
give the prophet and his follower's special advice, Allah would send angel
.Jibreel with a part of the Quran which he recite to the prophet

The Quran was not revealed all at once in its complete form but in parts
over a period of time.(2)

The fact that the prophet(PBUH) could neither read nor write was one of
the greatest proofs that it was not from him, but from the Creator Himself

:As for that, Allah says

Neither did you(O Muhammad) read any book before it(the revelation of"
the Quran), nor did you write(any book) with your right hand! In this
."case, indeed, the followers of falsehood might have doubted

If the prophet had been an author or a writer, this might have given
reason to doubt the prophet's claim of prophet hood; but since the
.prophet was illiterate, then such a doubt could not exist

The prophet was very concerned about the preservation of the Quran, as
he used to be fearful of forgetting the verses that Jibreel recited to him.(3)

:So Allah revealed to assure him

Move not your tongue with haste, to recite it. It is for Us to collect it and"
."give you the ability to recite it

:‫البريد االلكترونــى‬ ‫ القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية‬-‫ مدينة نصر‬-‫شارع الشهيد‬

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The prophet (PBUH) based on all of the Quran to his companions before
he died as he used different manners to make sure that they memorized
:and recorded it exactly as he learned it

he (PBUH) used to recite aloud various parts of the Quran in the .1

.Salaahs(prayers) so that anyone behind him could hear the Quran daily

everyone who entered Islam would be taught parts of the Quran that he .2
could use in daily prayers. So ,Muslims were learning various parts of
.Quran

the prophet told his followers that the best of them were those who .3
taught the Quran and this motivated them to make such a great efforts to
.memorize it and teach it to others

those who were able to read and write were told by the prophet to write .4
down the various sections of the Quran as they were revealed.(4)

First stage: Era of the prophet[PBUH]

The dependence in this stage built upon memorizing more than writing,
that is because strong memory, fast memorizing, less writers and means
of writing ; that why the Quran was not collected in one mushaf but one
who heard a verse he memorized it or write it down and there numbers of
.readers were very huge

There was no paper at that time, so they used to write it on date palm

Leaves, flat stones, tree bark, dried animal skins, and even the shoulders
blades of sheep or camels.(5)

In the Era of the prophet(PBUH) ,the Quran was a separate parts in men's
chest(memorized) and people wrote some of it in tree bark, white smooth
.stone, and flat stones

When there were many(seven hundred) among the companions was killed
in the day of ymama at the era of Abu Bakr; Omar pointed out upon him

:‫البريد االلكترونــى‬ ‫ القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية‬-‫ مدينة نصر‬-‫شارع الشهيد‬

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to collect the Quran as may many other readers will die such as ibn
Mas'ood and Zaid ibn Thabet; so they told Zaid to that and he collected it
.non arranged in its verses after exhausting(6)

:Anas ibn Malik said

the Quran was collected in the Era of the prophet(PBUH) by four men-"
all from Ansar: Ubay ibn ka'ab, Mu'adh ibn Jabal, Zayd ibn Thaabit, and
)*(
"Abu Zaid

The Prophet recorded the Quran to ensure its preservation and he was not
only ensure that it was written down ; but he also checked whether it was
.written correctly

Zayd narrates," I used to write the revelation for the prophet, and he
would dictate it to me. When he finished, he would command me: "Read
it(back to me)! So I used to recite back to him(what I had written). Some
of the companions were able to memorize better than others. So, Even
though all of them memorized portions of the Quran, only a few were
.able to memorize all of the Quran during the prophet's lifetime

When the prophet(PBUH) died, the whole of the Quran was not written
down in one complete book. It was recorded on various pieces of writing
material and kept with different followers of the prophet so that each one
had section but no one had all of it. The companions were more
concerned with recording and memorizing than putting it all together in
one book.
Consequently, the collection of the Quran into one text was not done
during the lifetime of the prophet (PBUH).(7)

Second stage: Era of Abu Bakr and first writing

After the death of the prophet chose the best of them to be the leader.
This leader was Abu Bakr who took over the affairs of the Muslims and
at that time there were three main groups against Islam in the Arabian
:‫البريد االلكترونــى‬ ‫ القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية‬-‫ مدينة نصر‬-‫شارع الشهيد‬
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peninsula. They were called apostasy who accepted Islam and used to
pay allegiance during the lifetime of the prophet; but after his death , they
.refused to give allegiance to the new Islamic state

So Muslims under the leadership of Caliph Abu Bakr undertakes a series

of war against them were known as the Riddah(apostasy) war.(8)

During one of these war ,the battle of yamaama, around seventy

.companions who had memorized the Quran were martyred

This death make 'Umar ibn al-khattab realized the danger and that the
Quran would be lost to future generation of Muslims; so he went to
Caliph Abu Bakr and advised him to have the whole Quran in one book
in order to preserve it from lost but Abu Bakr said:" how can I do that
which the prophet did not do? He couldn't think of undertaking
.something that the prophet had not done before, nor ordered to be done

He was worried from an innovation in religion, so he refused at first but

'Umar continued to convince him, proving to him that such project was
not an innovation, and that act was of general benefit to the Muslims;
then after thinking well over the situation, he understand him and agreed
upon this act. so, he chose and order Zayd ibn Thaabit to collect and write
down the whole Quran but he refused also at first for the same reasons of
Abu Bakr; then he accept and start to do that.(9)

:He was chosen for the following reasons

he was the one whom the prophet had entrusted with the writing of the .1
Quran, in order to be one of the best reciters of the Quran

.he had memorized the entire Quran during the lifetime of the prophet .2

he presented the last recitation of the prophet to jibreel during the last .3
.Ramadan of his live
:‫البريد االلكترونــى‬ ‫ القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية‬-‫ مدينة نصر‬-‫شارع الشهيد‬
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he was one of the most knowledgeable companions in the recitation of .4

.the Quran

: Zaid bin Thabit narrated

Abu Bakr As-Siddiq sent for me when the people of Yamama had been "
killed (i.e., a number of the Prophet's Companions who fought against
Musailima). (I went to him) and found `Umar bin Al- Khattab sitting with
him. Abu Bakr then said (to me), "`Umar has come to me and said:
"Casualties were heavy among the Qurra' of the Qur'an (i.e. those who
knew the Qur'an by heart) on the day of the Battle of Yamama, and I am
afraid that more heavy casualties may take place among the Qurra' on
other battlefields, whereby a large part of the Qur'an may be lost.
Therefore I suggest, you (Abu Bakr) order that the Qur'an be collected.
" I said to `Umar, "How can you do something which Allah's Apostle did
not do?" `Umar said, "By Allah, that is a good project." `Umar kept on
urging me to accept his proposal till Allah opened my chest for it and I
began to realize the good in the idea which `Umar had realized.
" Then Abu Bakr said (to me). 'You are a wise young man and we do not
have any suspicion about you, and you used to write the Divine
Inspiration for Allah's Messenger (PBUH). So you should search for (the
fragmentary scripts of) the Qur'an and collect it in one book." By Allah If
they had ordered me to shift one of the mountains, it would not have been
heavier for me than this ordering me to collect the Qur'an. Then I said to
Abu Bakr, "How will you do something which Allah's Messenger
(PBUH)did not do?" Abu Bakr replied, "By Allah, it is a good project."
Abu Bakr kept on urging me to accept his idea until Allah opened my
chest for what He had opened the chests of Abu Bakr and `Umar. So I
started looking for the Qur'an and collecting it from (what was written on)
palme stalks, thin white stones and also from the men who knew it by
heart, till I found the last Verse of Surat at-Tauba (Repentance) with Abi
Khuzaima Al-Ansari, and I did not find it with anybody other than him.
The Verse is: 'Verily there has come unto you an Apostle (Muhammad)
from amongst yourselves. It grieves him that you should receive any
injury or difficulty..(till the end of Surat-Baraa' (at-Tauba).
Then the complete manuscripts (copy) of the Qur'an remained with Abu
Bakr till he died, then with `Umar till the end of his life, and then with
)*(
."Hafsa, the daughter of `Umar
:‫البريد االلكترونــى‬ ‫ القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية‬-‫ مدينة نصر‬-‫شارع الشهيد‬
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Zayd began to collect all of the materials on which the Quran had been
written . He then gathered around him who had also memorized all of the
Quran or large portion of it. He then compared what was written down
with what he and others had memorized. If they all agreed , he would
write it down on pages of leather.
In this way the Quran was written down during the region of Abu Bakr.(1)

After he complete it he turned it over to a Abu Bakr who kept it until his
death. Just before his death, he turned it over to 'Umar ,whom he had
.chosen to be the second caliph

Third stage: Era of 'Othman and second writing

After the death of Caliph 'Umar, 'Othman took over the caliphate and
continued the way of collection behind two Caliphs.
In his region, the expansion continued on into Persia, India, Russia
.Russai, Turkey, and other places

many people at that time learned the recitation of the Quran from the
early Muslims. The Quran was revealed to the prophet in seven different
Arabian dialects and the early Muslims taught the Quran in its different
readings.(2)

Muslims started differing amongst themselves about the recitation of the

Quran, as they were different from each other ; so they began contending
.with each other, each regarding his recitation superior to his brother's

Among them there was a companion called"Hudhayfah ibn al-Yamaan"

who advise them to leave such argumintations;but he realized that he
should report that to the Caliph 'Uthman.(3)

: Anas ibn Malik narrated

Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman came to `Uthman at the time when the people of"
Sham and the people of Iraq were Waging war to conquer Arminya and
Adharbijan. Hudhaifa was afraid of their (the people of Sham and Iraq)
differences in the recitation of the Qur'an, so he said to `Uthman,
"O chief of the Believers! Save this nation before they differ about the
Book (Qur'an) as Jews and the Christians did before". So `Uthman sent a
:‫البريد االلكترونــى‬ ‫ القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية‬-‫ مدينة نصر‬-‫شارع الشهيد‬
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9

message to Hafsa saying, "Send us the manuscripts of the Qur'an so that

we may compile the Qur'anic materials in perfect copies and return the
manuscripts to you". Hafsa sent it to `Uthman. `Uthman then ordered
Zaid bin Thabit, `Abdullah bin AzZubair, Sa`id bin Al-As and
`AbdurRahman bin Harith bin Hisham to rewrite the manuscripts in
perfect copies. `Othman said to the three Quraishi men, "In case you
disagree with Zaid bin Thabit on any point in the Qur'an, then write it in
the dialect of Quraish, the Qur'an was revealed in their tongue". They did
so, and when they had written many copies, `Othman returned the
original manuscripts to Hafsa. `Othman sent to every Muslim province
one copy of what they had copied, and ordered that all the other Qur'anic
materials, whether written in fragmentary manuscripts or whole copies,
)*(
."be burnt

The compilation of Abu bakr are different from the compilation of

:'Uthman for the following reasons
Abu Bakr compiled it according to the large number of death of those .1
who had memorized the Quran and in fear of its lost. In the other hand,
'Uthman compiled it according to the inauthentic recitations that
.newcomers to Islam

Abu Bakr depended on the best suited and qualified to do so(Zayd ibn .2
Thabit); but 'Uthman relied on Zayd in order to three other persons to
.help him in this mission

Abu Bakr compiled the Quran from date-palm leaves, wood, and hearts .3
of people. Whereas, "Uthman ordered the rewriting of Abu bakr's Mushaf
.In the writing style of Quraysh

Abu Bakr's mushaf arranged only according to the verses of each .4

soorah. On the other hand, 'Uthman arranged the soorahs and verses in
their proper arrangement. (1)
:Ibn Taymiyyah said

:‫البريد االلكترونــى‬ ‫ القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية‬-‫ مدينة نصر‬-‫شارع الشهيد‬

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10

in the year that the prophet passed away, Jibreel went over the Quran "
with him twice, and this last rehearsal is the recitation of Zayd ibn Thabit
and others and it's the recitation that the four righteous calips ordered to
be written in mushafs, and Abu Bakr was the first to write it,then 'Uthman
ordered it to be written again and he sent it to all of the provience, and all
the companions agreed to this.(2)
Significance of the Quran's preservation

The significance of the Qur’aan’s preservation is that Islam has been

kept in its original purity because of it. All of the essential principles of
Islam are to be found in the Quran. Consequently, the preservation of the
.Quran meant the preservation of Islam itself in its original form
It is only in Islam that the pure teachings of the prophets have been
preserved without any change.(3)
:Allah said about this preservation
Verily, I have revealed the Reminder(Quran), and verily I shall preserve "
it".(4)

Conclusion

:‫البريد االلكترونــى‬ ‫ القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية‬-‫ مدينة نصر‬-‫شارع الشهيد‬

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‫‪11‬‬

‫البريد االلكترونــى‪:‬‬ ‫شارع الشهيد‪ -‬مدينة نصر‪ -‬القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية‬
‫‪Lan.tran.b@azhar.edu.eg‬‬
‫‪11884‬‬ ‫الرمز البريدي‪/‬‬ ‫فاكس‪ 22638043 /‬ـ ‪22638514‬‬ ‫ت‪ 22614972 /‬ـ ‪22615237‬‬