A Systematic Review on Social Network Analysis –

Tools, Algorithms and Frameworks

Wajeeha Aslam Wasi Haider Butt Muhammad Waseem Anwar
Department of Computer & Software Department of Computer & Software Department of Computer & Software
Engineering, College of E&ME, Engineering, College of E&ME, Engineering, College of E&ME,
National University of Sciences and National University of Sciences and National University of Sciences and
Technology (NUST), H-12, Technology (NUST), H-12, Technology (NUST), H-12,
Islamabad, Pakistan Islamabad, Pakistan Islamabad, Pakistan
wajeeha.aslam14@ce.ceme.ed wasi@ceme.nust.edu.pk
u.pk

ABSTRACT Figure 1 depicts true picture of social network developed in

In the modern paradigm of IOT “Internet of Things” and big data,
we deal with augmented volume of information on regular basis.
Due to advancement in the data flow, there is a fair chance of data
loss and its misuse. To manage this, it is usually required to draw
whole information in form of graphs or presentable form which is
termed as social network. In this context, to get some calculative
idea about social relations from that network is called a Social
Network Analysis (SNA). The research on SNA has been
continuously performed from last decade or so. It is required to
review and present major contributions in SNA to research
community. Therefore, this article conduct a Systematic Literature
Review (SLR) to select fifty two research studies. As a result,
twenty three algorithms, eleven tools and ten frameworks in the
domain of SNA have been presented. This facilitates researchers to
discovery latest SNA developments within a single study.
NodeXL tool. In Figure 1 actors are presented by black bolls and
links/ relationships are presented by red lines. This figure depicts
actor “xy” is more influencing actor in network. As this is time of
IOT and big data, so there is need that we deal with augmented
volume of information on regular basis [3]. So in this modern era
social network analysis has its realistic and momentous importance
in multidimensional fields. Identification of key role node /
individual in social network is most emerging problem now a day.
Determination of key node in organization gives clue about flow of
relations in an organization. This can help in multidimensional
fields like medical science, education, business, defense purpose
and so on. For that purpose different of tools are used in market [4].
Bunch of frameworks and algorithms are proposed for different of
organizations with respect to demand.

CCS Concepts
• Information systems → Information retrieval → Retrieval
tasks and goals→Question answering
• Computing methodologies → Machine learning
approaches

Keywords
SNA; Organizational network analysis; Social Network Analysis

1. INTRODUCTION
Social network defines social association among individuals,
families, groups, villages, cities, organizations and where ever
social affairs exist. SNA is the evaluation of strength of relations
and its stream [1] [2]. Social network is consist of two major
modules first node and other one is link. The nodes in network
presents people, cities, messages and all entities which are linked
socially. Link illustrates bond or flow among nodes.
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ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-6540-6/18/09…$15.00
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3277104.3277112
Figure 1. Simple social network example in NodeXL
Visual and mathematical analysis is obtained by social network
analysis. In industry most of consultants call SNA (social network
analysis) as ONA (organizational network analysis). It involves
determining vulnerable information in marketing, transparent node
in crime detection, node spreading illness in medical science,
trustworthy node in organization, and many more. For SNA
different of software are introduced in market. Features of software
are to present graphs and determine matrices after calculation of
network standards and statistics like Betweeness Centrality,
closeness centrality, and eigenvector centrality so on. With this
respect there is need to identify emerging application and its need
in this domain. Different emerging questions arise in mind while
fulfilling this requirement. Consequently in this paper systematic
literature review (SLR) is executed to uncover answer of
subsequent questions.

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Research Q.1: Which important researches have been conducted in c) Our concern was to get most refined and particular work that’s
the field of Social Network Analysis (SNA) during last decade? why we selected particular databases. Research papers are
Research Q.2: In which domains research in SNA has played vital selected only from IEEE, Elsevier, Springer and ACM
role? databases. Research papers of other database were rejected.
Research Q.3: Which tools, frameworks and algorithms are used to d) As social network is too much advanced so it is difficult to
identify organizational structure in specific domains? cover all research domains/ categories. We picked some
Research Q.4: Which is most promising tool in the domain of social categories which are e-Business, network security, education
network analysis? and health.
Research methodology is presented in Section 2, Section 3 covers
Outcomes and Section 4 presents Conclusion.
2.2.2. Search Process
As per selection and rejection standards we have covered four
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY main databases which are IEEE, ACM, Elsevier and Springer.
Systematic literature has main idea to get glimpse of research Total number of research studies against social network analysis
piloted in particular domain. Sequence of methodology used in were 352 from IEEE, 273 from Springer, 450 from ACM and 117
paper is consist of 1) Research Categories and 2) Review Protocol from Elsevier that computed 1192 studies as sum. On basis of title
Expansion. 572 studies were rejected. By getting abstract diverted from our
main idea, 392 studies were rejected. By having general study of
2.1. Research Categories papers, 82 studies were rejected. On basis of primary overview, 56
We picked four categories which are 1) e-Business, 2) Network studies were rejected. 90 studies were considered for detailed study.
Security, 3) Education and 4) e-Health. Amongst 52 studies 33 40 studies were not considered on basis of detailed overview and
studies were for e-Business, 12 studies for Network Security, 5 only 52 studies were selected for SLR. Selection and rejection bird
studies for Education and 2 studies for e-Health as depicted in eye view is depicted in Figure 2 below. Few search key words
TABLE 1 below. were identified for getting research results which are described in
Table 1. Research categories TABLE 2.
Sr# Category References of Corresponding To
Studies tal
1 e- [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], 33
Business [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18],
[19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24],
[25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30],
[31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36],
[37]
2 Network [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], 12
security [44], [45], [36], [37], [46], [47]
3 Education [48], [49], [50], [51], [52] 5
4 e- [53], [54] 2
healthcare

2.1.1. e-Business
Twitter, Facebook, yahoo, Dig, MySpace and Flicker etc are the
most emerging social websites. For customer satisfaction and to
have keep track of all users for betterment of e-Bussines is emerging Figure 2. Research process review
challenge. In this SLR 33 studies are covering this particular domain.
Table 2. Extract of Search terms
2.1.2. Network Security S Search Oper IEE Sprin AC Elsevie
By using social sites like facebook, yahoo, Myspace etc user might r Terms/ ator E ger M r
have some security risks like leakage of data, mistreat of user data #
and access limitation for user. To have proper track of suspected and 1 SNA N-A 2457 3982 4367 3123
genuine users social network analysis is in demand. 12 studies are 2 Social AND 586 349 418 521
selected to cover this domain. Networ OR 5321 6487 5965 6432
k
2.1.3. Education 3 Social AND 25 20 34 15
To keep track of social relations among students and teachers is Networ OR 9567 8345 10256 9456
demand of education. Five studies are selected for particular domain. k
2.1.4. e-Health Analysi
s
e-Health basically keeps track of relations between patient and
doctor. It also analyze the cause point of disease spread. Two
studies selected to cover this domain. 2.2.3. Quality Valuation
Main concern of SLR is to cover most recent and standard researches.
2.2. Review Protocol Expansion 1) Four main databases were selected for SLR. Division of papers
2.2.1. Inclusion / Exclusion Standards were in two types a) Journal and b) Conference paper. Figure 3 below
a) We only picked researchers that deals with SNA. shows research study databases. 2) We selected time duration from
b) We picked researches from 2009 to 2018. Researched before 2009 to 2018. Most of papers are between duration 2011 to 2018 as
2009 were rejected. depicted in Figure 3.

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 Table 3. Research databases and type of publications
Databas Type References Tot
e al
IEEE Journal [19] 14
Conferenc [38], [6], [7], [8], [9], [43],
e [17], [18], [20], [49], [22],
[45], [36]
Springer Journal [40], [46] 3
Conferenc [12]
e
ACM Journal [10], [11], [39], [53], [48], 22
[13], [41], [14], [42], [16], Figure 3. Research papers from 2009 to 2018
[46], [47]
Conferenc [5], [15], [21], [22], [23], Table 5. Identified algorithms for social network analysis
e [24], [25], [26], [28], [37] # Algorithm Reference
Elsevier Journal [54], [44], [27], [29], [30], 13 1 Naïve bayes classification [6]
[31], [32], [33], [34] , [35], algorithm in
[50], [51], [52] 2 lexicon based classifier [10]
Conferenc Nil algorithm
e 3 Aggregation based group [11]
profiling (AGP), Differentiation
2.2.4. Data Extraction & Synthesis based group profiling (DGP) and
Data abstraction and production involve understanding of Egocentric Differentiation based
concluding studies text and pool of material required to answer group profiling (EDGP)
particular enquiries. This segment denotes the assortment of 4 Gibbs sampling algorithm [39], [47]
evidence from selected 52 studies as depicted in TABLE 4 below.
5 Gold Standard and Weighted In- [53]
Table 4. Prototype of data extraction & synthesis Degree
Narrative Aspects 6 MMSC, MSMN Algorithm and [41]
Meta Data Author, Title, Research publication Type Monte Carlo Sampling based
Statistics (Conference, Journal), Publication year, Algorithm
Volume, Issue 7 Expectation–Maximization [15]
Algorithm
Data Extraction
8 Heuristic Algorithm [42]
Synopsis Elementary objective presented by 9 Power law Distribution [43], [26]
particular researches 10 Temporal network method, [19]
Case Studies Different Case Studies used in most of Reachability ratio and
selected papers Reachability time.
Outcomes Outcomes obtained by selected studies 11 Bayes theorem and Jaccard [20]
Coefficient
Valuation Of Different criteria are used for valuation of
12 Degree Distribution law [21]
Results results
13 Motif equation [22]
Data Synthesis 14 Un-supervised aggregation [24]
Categories Categories are defined in Table1 method
15 MapReduce algorithm [25]
Research Research Study Databases are defined in
16 Neo structural theory [54]
Study Table3
17 Graph sampling method [44]
Databases
18 Dijkstra algorithm [29]
Tools Tools used are defined in Table6 19 Generalized clustering [30]
Algorithms Algorithms uses or proposed are defined in coefficient
Table5 20 Regression algorithm [32]
21 Global clustering coefficient [33]
Frameworks Frameworks proposed or used are defined
22 Community detection algorithms [37]
in Table7
23 Louvain [46]

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3. OUTCOMES Answer: We found 52 research studies, in the field of SNA, as
Main aim of this SLR is to get idea of new tools, algorithms and given in in TABLE 3.
frameworks which are broadly used in different domains for social Research Q.2: In which domains research in SNA has played
network analysis. Sequence of outcomes is 1) Tools/ Algorithms/ vital role?
Framework and 2) Answer of Research Questions. Answer: We select four categories (i.e. e-Business, Network
Security, Education and e-Health) as depicted in TABLE 1
Table 6. Identified tools in the domain of SNA Research Q.3: Which tools, frameworks and algorithms are used
to identify organizational structure in specific domains?
Sr# tool References Answer: We identify twenty three algorithms, eleven tools and
1 Nodexl [5], [6], [7], [9], [12], ten frameworks as given in TABLE 5, TABLE 6 & TABLE 7
[40], [43], [25], [45] respectively.
Research Q.4: Which is most promising tool in the domain of
2 LingPipe library [6] social network analysis?
3 Kendall’s tau [53] Answer: From the 52 selected research studies, it has been
measurement concluded that NodeXL is widely used tool for SNA as depicted in
4 MongoDB, [12] TABLE 6. NodeXl is adds-in of Microsoft 2007, 2010 and 2013
CouchDB, [55].It amalgamates mature and innovative characterization of social
Zoomdata tool, network analysis [56]. It implements sorting, filtering and clustering
5 Mopix application [48] utility that disclose sociology pertinent variance in configuration of
intersected actors in social media space [5].
6 General [18], [19], [20], [49], [21],
[22], [23], [26], [27], [29],
[31], [32], [34], [35], [50], 4. CONCLUSION
[52], [37] In this article, systematic literature review is conducted for social
7 Gephi software [24], [36] network analysis based on few research questions. In getting answer,
52 important research studies were selected for SLR from 2009 to
8 Relational coding in [44]
2018. Four dominating databases IEEE, ACM, Springer and
GSM Elsevier were used. To rationalize our review, we constrained our
9 Web server and [28] research up to four categories which are e-Business, Education, e-
client application Health and Network Security. As a result, 23 algorithms, 11 tools
10 Matlab, [46] and 10 frameworks are identified.
11 Metrics calculation [47] It is concluded that NodeXL is widely used tool for social network
by using Java analysis. Particularly, NodeXL is better for detection of vital actor
language in an organization. It supports many features like betweeness
centrality, eigenvector centrality, closeness centrality and display of
Table 7. Identified frameworks for SNA graphs and matrices from data. In future, we anticipate to perform
Sr# Framework References comprehensive analysis of identified tools, algorithms and
frameworks to provide more in-depth details.
1 SPADE framework [38]
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