UNIVERSIDAD DE MAGALLANES

FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES

DEPARTAMENTO DE EDUCACIÓN Y HUMANIDADES

Electronic portfolio

Kathalina Vásquez

Cultura de los Pueblo de Habla Inglesa.

Patricia Díaz A.
Content table.
1. History ……………………………………………………………………………… Page 4

1.1. Prehistory …………………………………………………………………… Page 4

1.2. The Roman Period ……………………………………………… Page 4

1.3. The German invasion ……………………………………………… Page 4

1.4. The medieval period ……………………………………………………… Page 4

1.5. The sixteenth century ……………………………………………………… Page 5

1.6. The seventeenth century ………………………………………………… Page 5

1.7. The eighteenth century …………………………………………………… Page 5

1.8. The nineteenth century …………………………………………………… Page 5

The twentieth century ……………………………………………………… Page 6

1.10 Reflection …………………………………………………………………… Page 6

1.11 Questions …………………………………………………………………… Page 6

1.12 Research work ……………………………………………………………… Page 7

2. British climate ……………………………………………………………………… Page 8

2.1. British Geography …………………………………………………………… Page 8

2.2. Climate ……………………………………………………………………… Page 8

2.3. Land and Settlement ……………………………………………………… Page 8

2.4. The environment and Pollution ………………………… Page 8

2.5. London ……………………………………………………………………… Page 9

2.6. The Midlands ……………………………………………………………… Page 9

2.7. Northern England …………………………………………………………… Page 9

2.8. Scotland …………………………………………………………………… Page 9

2.9. Wales ………………………………………………………………………… Page 10

3. Identity ………………………………………………………………………………... Page 11

3.1. Ethnic identity: The native British …………………………………… Page 11

3.2. Ethnic identity: non-native British …………………………………… Page 11

3.3. The family …………………………………………………………………… Page 11

3.4. Geographical Identity ……………………………………………………… Page 12

3.5. Class ………………………………………………………………………… Page 12

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 3.6. Men and Women …………………………………………………………… Page 12

3.7. Religious and political identity …………………………………………… Page 12

3.8. Social and everyday contacts …………………………………………… Page 13

3.9. Identity in norther Ireland ………………………………………………… Page 13

3.10. Being British ………………………………………………………………… Page 13

4. The United Kingdom ………………………………………………………………… Page 17

of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland

4.1. What exactly is Britain? Who are the …………………………………… Page 17

British?

4.2. The Dominance of England …………………………………………… Page 17

4.3. National Loyalties ………………………………………………………… Page 18

5. London ………………………………………………………………… Page 19

6. Bibliography ………………………………………………………………… Page 20

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Summary:

1. ‘‘History’’

1.1. Prehistory:

This period can be defined as the most mysterious time for today's
Britain because of its lack of vestiges left. It started two thousand
years ago in which the iron Celtic culture arrived to this isles.

The most known evidence of this period is the monument

architecture.

1.2. The roman period.

Romans made use of Celtic aristocracy to govern and impose
culture, Latin and dresses in the territory which is the new England
and Wales.
Then Scots, a Celtic tribe, migrated from Ireland to Scotland and
get allied to the Picts which were opponents of the Romans.

Thanks to the division of the Celts te development of a different use

of language between Britons and Gaels was possible.

Romans did not left very important cultural vestiges like language or
laws which they left to another lands, the only thing that they left to
this territory were names of places, some examples are Chester,
Lancaster and Gloucester.

1.3. The German invasion.

This period take place in the 15th century. In this period Celtics
speech still been dominant. Anglo and Saxons invaded and settle
the south-east. When they tried to take advantage in the west King
Arthur and his army of Britons stopped them. This army couldn’t
retain them for too long, By the end of 17 th century Anglo-Saxons
dominate a big part of England and some parts of southern
Scotland, Wales and Cornwall.

Anglo-Saxons introduced new farming methods and self-sufficient

system in thousands of villages, they were also pagan.

1.4. The medieval Period.

The roman invasion in 1066 put Britain into the mainstream of
Western Europe culture.

The Norman invasion was smaller than Germanic invasion. In this

period feudalism started flourishing and Great nobles or Barons
were the new responsible directly from the king. Peasant, who was
in the lowest class, were the English-speaking Saxons, lords and

4
 barons were the French-speaking Normans. After these changes
the English class system was imposed.

Anglo-Norman kingdom becomes the most powerful thanks to its

system. By the end of 13th century most of the territory including
eastern Ireland and whole of wales were under the direct rule of the
English King.

Scotland was constantly fighting to maintain the independence.

After the Norman Conquest it was Germanic language instead of

French which was the Norman language.

The Anglo-Saxons concept of common law takes place and form

the basis of the legal system.

Northern and central Wales never had a great number of Saxons or

Normans, this made Celtic welsh culture and language stays.

1.5. The sixteenth century.

The English monarch gained more power but the Bubonic plague
hit and this power killing about a third of the population.
The Tudor dynasty stablished a new system of government
departments, this result in the lack of feudal barons that were no
longer needed. With this system now it was needed the commons
to decide politically. The parliament was split in two, the house of
lord and the house of Common.
The Church of England was created in this period by Henry VIII
after the Pope refused to give him the divorced that he was asking
for after his wife didn’t gave him a son.
Calvinism became the dominant religion in lowlands of Scotland
and Ireland reminded Catholic.

1.6. The seventeenth century.

King of Scotland, James I became the first English King, then there
were differences in the parliament because of language so the
Middle English developed a written language known as ‘Scots’.
However, the Scottish Protestants preferred English bibles and this
along with the dominance of English language in the parliament
help to make English the written standard.

1.7. The eighth century

This period was stable, the Monarch and the parliament had no
problems
1.8. The nineteenth century.

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 This period started with the loosing of American colonies in a war
for independence. After the end of the century Britain controlled the
world’s biggest empire in history.
Ireland was part of the United Kingdom and shared culture as well
as language for a long time.
Australia, Canada and New Zealand were part of this empire. The
Queen give to this land the free will to self-government with the
condition of recognized the queen as authority.

1.9. The twentieth century.

Britain lost its title as richest country in the world. One important
moment was when the women started demanding the right to vote
damaging property and risk their lives for their beliefs.

Changes also hit the working class by them making their voices
heard; they were part of the most of the population.

Reflection: This text introduce so much new things that I didn’t know, but in some
point of it I felt that I needed of more basis about, some of the information was too
specific.

Thank to this text I learned some new words too. I used my research work to give
myself a bit more of context.

Questions

1.- British Empire conquered many lands and taught the English language, years
after all of this conquered lands started use it as a first or second language. Example
of this is Australia and Canada. Example of second language is India, where approx.
One hundred million people use English as a second language.

2.- This relation were dynamic, It could be because the epicenters of religion where
close, like The Roman empire with the Catholicism, most of the invasions and wars
that were held in Britain carried religion and other traditions that tried to be imposed.
In Chile the separation between Government and Religion happened too late in
comparison with other places, this is because Chile was conquered and colonized
when all this empires and towns were stablished.

3.- The Britain political practices are very flexible, and all classes tried to be
represented in the political decisions. It started with the house of the Lords and the
House of the Common. Where the lower and upper class started to be represented
by people that they considered important.

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Research:

 ‘’The White Man’s Burden’’ by Rudyard Kipling: Is a poem was made in the
Victoria Period by British poet, the author try to portrayed the white-man’s
work of colonization as a burden to take the Philippines that were not evolve
in that time in the way to civilization.

This image tries to represent a race

between the British and the
American to take their colonized
tribes in its way to been civilized.

The big stones represent the thing

that they had to do to accomplish the
main objective.

 Queen Victoria was born in England in 1819, her father was Edward and her
mother was Victoria Maria of Saxe-Coburg, She became the Queen of Great
Britain in 1837; her reign is the longest that any female monarch has ever
had, it last 63 years.
The period that she was Queen was the most successful and powerful of
Great Britain history. She managed the whole British Empire with successful
because she left the land free of will with the condition of paying respect to
her reign. That is how the British Empire grows and she gave her name to this
period. The ‘Victorian Period’

 The English civil war was Charles I and Parliament against Irish insurrection,
the first one was won by Oliver Cromwell in 1645 and in the second one
Charles was defeated and executed in 1649. Finally Charles’ son, Charles
along with Scottish and English Royalties invade Scotland in 1650.
 King Henry VIII was born in Jun 28 th of 1491 in Greenwich. He became king of
England in 1509. He was father of Mary I, Elizabeth I and Edward VI; all from
different mothers. He created the Church of England after tried to divorced
and been refused by the Pope.
 Also known as The Virgin Queen, Elizabeth I was born in 1533, her Mother
was Anne Boleyn, she get to the throne after her step sibling, first was
Edward VI who lasted 6 years, then Mary I who reigned 5 years. After a long
persecution between Mary I and Protestant and with no descendants, the
testament of Henry VIII validated Elizabeth as Queen.
 King Alfred was born in 849 and became King of Wessex which was an
Anglo-Saxon kingdom located in south-west of England. His main act of
protection of the kingdom was saving them from the failing after the Danish
people tried to destroy them. Despite his protection he promoted learning and
literacy to the people.
 The war of roses take place in Lancaster and York lands in 145 to 1485,
where some civil wars happened to let after all this strong government mange

7
 by the Tudors. The name of the war was assigned years after in
commemoration of the white rose that people from York used at parties and
the red rose which was used by the Lancaster people in these same parties.
 The battle of hasting had as main character King Harold II which in 1066 he
and his lands where defeated by the Normans, this end with the dead of the
last Anglo-Saxon king of England.
 Robin Hood is a legend from the 14 th century that consists of an outlaw
person who lived in the forest. the tales say that he and his friends liked to rob
and killed representatives of authority and share the gained with the poor. His
most frequent enemy w2as the Nottingham sheriff, agent of central
government, wealthy ecclesiastical landowners. He treated with courtesy the
poor, women and people of humble status.
 King Arthur was a legendary king from the medieval period.
 The Hadrian wall was located in the north-west of the Roman Empire for 300
years. It is one of the most famous frontiers of the Romans.
 Druids where the high-ranking professional Celtic culture, now this term is
used to refer to a spiritual movement where the people connect with the
nature.

2. British Climate.
2.1. British geography.
The land and the climate of Britain have a notable lack of extremes;
It has not very high mountains and very flat land.
2.2. Climate
The amount of rain depends of where it is, if the place is close to
the west is more probably that rains.
East has the colder winters and the south is sunnier. Britain has an
unpredictable weather and there is no extreme climate.

2.3. Land and settlement.

The south-east of the country has flat plains and some gently rolling
hill. North and west have more mountains but still flat.
Britain has a big amount of grassland, there are many fields in
southern England, and most of this land is inhabited. This is
because English and Welsh don't like living in blocks of flats in the
cities.

2.4. The environment and Pollution.

Britain was the world's first industrialized country, in 1952 London
reached its worst point of pollution causing 4.000 to 8.000 deaths.
Water pollution was another problem; the River Thames in the
nineteenth had a smell strong enough to suggest the wrapping of
the Parliament with enormous sheets. Then in the 1960' to 1970
part of the pollution were stopped thanks to the new coal heating
systems in the houses. The years passed and the cars increased
the pollution. That is why Britain was the first place where the
word smog was used for the first time.

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2.5. London

Is the largest city in Europe, the Centre of business and banking of

this country.

This city that now contains the headquarters of television networks

used to be smaller in the past and the parliament and Royal court
wasn't there at first.

2.6. The Midlands.

Birmingham during the Industrial Revolution was one of the
engineering centers, around this area there are still factories that
work with iron and steel. The midlands' tourist attraction is
'Shakespeare country' in Stratford-upon-Avon and the way that the
legend of Robin Hood is showed in Nottingham is another attractive
point for tourists.

2.7. Northern England.

In the eighteenth century this place had enormous amount of coal
and iron ore deposits that helped in the Industrial revolution. Then
in the Western side is the Manchester are where in the Nineteenth
century become a leader in production of cotton goods. The eastern
side like Branford and Leeds were also leader but in the production
of woolen goods.
The south had center of production of steel goods and in the north
close to Newcastle shipbuilding was the major industry.
This create a vision in the British people of this area as a noisy
place with dirty factories that is the symbolization of the Industrial
revolution and how it developed in this country.
Even though with this vision that the British people have, the
inhabitants feel a civic pride.
In the twentieth century the decline of this heavy industry left a
significant level, higher than the national average, of
unemployment.

2.8. Scotland

In the north is a central plain, Mountains and deep valleys in the in

the west coast.
The two bigger cities in Scotland, Glasgow and Edinburg has
different reputations. The first one, Glasgow, in the third largest city
in Britain, heavy industry and bad conditioned houses are related
with this place. It is also house of many Ireland immigrants. In the
other hand is Edinburg which has a middle-class image and is the
capital of Scotland, is mostly related with scholarship, law and

9
 administration.

2.9. Wales.

In the south-east of this country is the concentration of the people.

This country is also well known to its industrial factories and the
coal mines.

Even though they have fame of industrialization, the cities haven’t

grown too much.

Apart from industries powered by coal, Wales have mountainous

lands and this make the communication between north and south a
bit complicated.

2.10. Norther Ireland.

Is not that different from the rest of Ireland, agriculture and the
manufactures of linen are the main work. Giant’s Causeway on
North West of the country is a beautiful place with rocks that looks
like enormous steeping stones.

Reflection: London seems like a connected country and the fact that has no extreme
weather explain why in literature, movies, etc, it is shown as a cold rainy place.

By the description of the nations, it looks like there are good places to go camping
and trekking because of the hills and the valleys.

Questions:

1.- After reading the material I think that I would like to live in the south-east of
England, like Dorchester, because I see that is a perfect place to live in a cottage in
the woods, and it look like a medieval city, not too full of people and clean. It is a
place that has a nice weather, mostly sunny. I imagine myself not only living but also
passing my holidays there.

2.- Chile in the north just like the midlands there is a place where copper is mined,
the difference is that is still been mined, In the south places like where we live there
are woolen goods because of the cattle raising, but there were not big industries in
the south.

3.- I don't feel like that we are recognized by them, our capital city most of the time in
its radio, television network or newspaper talk about ''from Arica to Puerto Montt''
and that sometime make people in the Austral zone feel apart.

4.- Is like the same thing that happen here in Chile with north, central, south and
austral zone. Maybe it can be because of the vision that the north have of the south,
and by putting just a north of England correspondents, they think that is enough.

Research:

10
  York is located in North Yorkshire, England. Has a population of 2 hundreds.
It was funded by the Romans in 71 AD and become the major wool trading
point.
It is considered as one of the most hunted cities and the York minster is one
of the world’s largest cathedrals, it took about 250 years to build and was one
of the only two churches with police force.
York is economic substance by services and tourism, its hottest month is July
with and average of 16ºC and the coldest is November an average of 4ºC

 The dissolution of the monasteries began in 1536, this started when Henry the
VIII wanted a divorced but the Pope refused, Henry created the Church of
England, but all the catholic monasteries were vestiges of the Catholics that
must be destroyed, Henry did it and acquired all its wealth and property that
those lands had.

 Guy Fawkes was born in York in the year 1570 was a British soldier who
antes to blow up the Westminster Palace with James I and the main ministers
inside in reprisal for the Roman oppression that had a big increase.

 Coventry is a city in west midland, it has some historical issues relate to the
World War II, when about 50 thousand house were destroyed including the St.
Michael’s cathedral which was designed by Sir basil Spence, year after this
place was rebuild and is now known as one of the best known new building of
Coventry. The economy of this place is based in textile industries as well as
care industries which started with bicycle small industries in 1868.

 Nottingham was occupied by Anglo-Saxons in the 6 th century and was first

named as ‘Snotingaham’ which means ‘’the village of Snot’s people’, then it
was occupied by the Danes in the 9th century.
This place is in the East Midlands and the best moment to visit is in July
where the warm an get to almost 20ºC. Some places to visit is the Robin
Hood Statue, Little John and the Old Market Square.


3. Identity.

3.1. Ethnic identity: The native British

People in Britain that has not English ancestor can have a strong
National loyalty.

3.2. Ethnic identity: the non-native British

The non-white is part of the 6% of the population in England, most of
them were born in Britain but their parents are from other countries.
This population is result of the big amount of emigration from The
Caribbean in 1950.

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3.3. The family

Family identity in Britain is weak especially in England, they are

connected with the main member of the family, and Most of the
elders live alone and in family events is common for them to not
gather a big amount of people. Just the precise members.

Britain has the higher rate of divorce in Europe, even though the
majority of children that are raised by a single mother or father have
registered both of them.

3.4. Geography identity

People in Britain are very mobile, just a few stay in the same place.
But is the geographical area is bigger this sense of ident is stronger,
this is because every little part in it has spoken accents that make
identification of them more noticeable.

3.5. Class

The class system of Britain is flexible and the people are conscious
of how class system works.

The way to distinguish a class is by their attitudes and daily habits

instead of the money they have and how they dressed. A way to
recognize the class of someone is by listening how they speak, RP
is a high class way to pronounce. And people of working class use
non-standard use of words and grammatical forms. Then is 'social
climbing' which refers to a term use for people that try to appear
like they are from a higher class, and people that try to speak using
upper class accent are called snobbish. There is also invert
snobbery, is use for people from high classes that try to look like
they are working-class, this is because some of them think that
working-class have 'better' habits and attitudes.

3.6. Men and Women.

Now days the social role of gender is no longer enforced, is illegal

to discriminate by term of the gender of sex of someone. But people
still have expectations of how their behavior should be; these
expectations have a large number of differences. British expect
sharper or even more notorious differences between genders no
matter the social class.

12
 3.7. Religious and political identity.
Religion and politics are not important in the lives of the modern
Britain people, but there are exceptions like Northern Ireland
situation.

3.8. Social and everyday contacts

The personal contacts that a British people have are important for
them, they have this desire to belong and that makes them look for
and environment where to develop this social connections, like
pubs, sport or pastimes clubs. Many of them make these contacts
at their jobs; it means that their professional skills are important too.

3.9. Identity in Northern Ireland.

Ethnicity, family, politics and religion have a strong interconnection
despite social class that has minor role in their identity.

There are two main differences between Norther Ireland people, the
ones that had lowland Scotland or England ancestors, they must
be Protestants and want Northern Ireland to remain in the UK. The
other group is composed by the one who had Native Irish
ancestors; they must be catholic and want the Norther Ireland to
become part of the Irish Republic. These two groups are completely
segregated one to another, it is not good for them that two
members from different groups get married, and since they born,
they will never get to see or interact with one of the other group
unless they go to university which is the only place where they can
meet each other.

They buy different newspaper, listen to different radios and watch

different news.

3.10. Being British

They feel proud of being British but they not call themselves ‘patriotic’,
some characteristics of them is that they are very individualistic and
don’t like the idea of represent the country, they also aren’t too
affective, the open hostility to other people from other countries is not a
common thing and this develops in the learning of foreign languages a
difficult thing for them.

Reflection: I can conclude that depending on the context British people can be very
distant people in terms of affection and feelings, the cold look that I had before
reading this handout make sense now that I know how they identify as.

13
These four nations have notorious differences in how they identify, that does not
mean that they hate each other, I see a respectful environment between the nations,
respecting how they identify as, how to refer to each of them, the spaces that each
nation gives to immigrants. It seems as an indirectly warm way to treat other people
even though they are not naturally hospitable.

The imposed gender roles are a problem that not only happened in Chile. The
country can be as advanced and developed as they could, but this situation still
appears in every corner of the planet.

Questions:

1.- it is related with the way that upper and lower social classes apply their accents.
If someone speaks with an upper class accent, the other person can feel despise if
he or she shows this accent as an evidence of superiority. I don't think that he would
say the same thing now that there are 'class climbing' people, and also, because
they are more polite and now days people try not to make fun or treat bad another
person.

2.- As the handout shows, Modern Britain people are now conscious of how class
works, they know that not all the time is the working-class fault to be that working-
class. That means that they are now more tolerant and the building of a wall seems
like a very primitive way to solve problems like this one.

3.- I think it is because, when we learn about a culture we always try to appear like
the best conception of this culture, so when this kind of English is learned it helps the
person who travel to not be seen with prejudice.

4.- The factors were geographical identity, class, native and non-native identity are
some of the most important for them. In Chile the identity is different, factor that are
not important for Britain can be crucial for Chilean people, for example the family
identity, political and religious preference, notable social class differences and the
fact of being Chilean, but there are other factors that we have in common, some
people in Chile have a strong ethnic identity.

Some specific factors beside the one that the handout name are football, food, drinks
and way to speak.

I see Chilean patriotism as a toxic behavior, people that call themselves patriotists
are most of the time blinded of what media makes them think what is patriotism, this
people also have toxic behaviors and beliefs like the role of the woman in the society
most of them treating her like a kitchen and babysitter gadget, how nuclear family
supposed to be in a binary old code leaving aside new formats of family and this
normalization to alcoholism that is also dangerous, patriotist are close minded most
of the time and follow misogynist traditions that I feel uncomfortable with.

I can proudly said that I am not patriotic and I would like to know how other societies
work without identifying myself with traditions or nationalities, this will make easier for
me to contrast how societies works without falling in a false air of superiority.

Research work:

14
I made to my classmates 3 questions that involve their cultural and national Chilean
identity, trying to analyze if there is a small or big average of patriotism of maybe not.

The questions are:

1.- Do you believe that being patriotic here in Chile gives you some kind of benefit?
(Economic, politic, access, cultural)

2.- Is there any Chilean tradition which makes you feel identifies or not? do you like
Chilean traditions? Why?

3.- Do you feel identified by any kind of native tribe or accentors of the colonial
process? (Croatia, Italian, Spanish, etc.)

These three questions not only allowed my classmates to answer a yes or no; in
addition, they gave a space of discussion in relation with our identity which gave me
a more amplified vision of how our generation feels in this country.

Is important to clarify the distinction between natives/indigenous people and

Chileans, those are not the same by the conception of the people that answer the
questions, because of the big misunderstanding of the tribes I which the majority of
them had never feel represented with the Chilean flag and identity.

Fisrt question

yes
no
null

With a 75% of null answers (2 classmates) in which one of them explain that
depending on the context being patriotic can give or take from you.

25% of the answer was a no, that has as a argument that being patriotic don’t let
them be as free as they wanted to be.

15
 Second quetion

yes
no
null

This graphic shows a clear average, there were just one answer were one of the
classmates explain that they do not feel identified but liked it saying that they are
unique. The other two answers explain something similar.

‘’The majority of the Chilean traditions and based in a sexist system’’ was one of the
justifications, that were discussed, this ‘sexist’ reference is related with the folklore,
dances that represent manipulation of the women image.

This same question opens a discussion over the spiciest traditions that are held in
Magallanes region, were most of the regional species used for castle raising that
shows how our 75% of my classmates disagree with this kind of old practices.

Third question

yes
no
null

16
This third question comes with a similar situation of the first one, it this case 75%
have never do research about their ancestors or don’t know and one of them don’t
feel identified despite they is concerned of having a native ancestors.

Conclusion:

This poll were applied to a small group of people between 19 and 20 years old, it is
possible to see how this generation support women rights, animal rights and the free
expression.

The vision of this people leaves the traditions and the Chilean identity as an old one
full of disrespectful and dangerous practices as the example of the spiciest practices
in the Austral zone where the shaving sheep celebration put the animal as a circus
clown which was horrible for the majority of people that answer the poll.

Finally, we can see how new generations are making big changes not only on
practices, but by deep conception of who they are, showing to elder people how
thing has change through the years.

4. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

4.1. What exactly is Britain? who are the British

The British Isles are two, the largest one is Great Britain and the
other one is called Ireland. They are two different states; the
Republic of Ireland is also called Eire informally. The other Isle is
called The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
also known by the media as UK or Great Britain depending on the
context.
England, Wales, Scotland and Norther Ireland are the four nations
that conforms the Kingdom. These four nations complete the
kingdom in 1800 when the Irish Parliament joined with the
Parliament of England Scotland and wale.
At first they all use different language but today these differences
have become blurred, but that does not mean that the other nations
do not have their own identity. Welsh, Scottish and Irish people feel
their identity very strong.

4.2. The Dominance of England.

The dominant culture of Britain is the English one; some of their
main social and cultural goods are English origin, for example the
politic system, language, custom and practices. This is because the
agreement for the unification of the four nations wasn’t mutual;
England was economic and military superior.

17
 4.3. National Loyalties

The adjective Britain is to refer to someone that is from one of the

four nations, but British is for only for people in England.

Even there is a long historical of Welsh, Irish and Scottish migration

they not considered themselves as English, they remains their
identity no matter how many years they have been living in
England.

Reflection: The information that this text provides me is helpful if in any situation I
have to interact with someone from great Britain, this way I can understand how thy
identify and how treat them without being disrespectful.

Questions:

1.- Football and alcohol are too things that symbolized Chileans.

2.- The term ‘England’s history’ carries lots of history behind, control and extortion,
and the power that the British Empire at that time use to unified the nations for its
good. It also segregate the other nations that were important part in the history, a
better option would be ‘‘Britain History.’’

3.- The regulation of foreign people in football helps to mark a nationality of the team,
otherwise they can just divided by color or number (red team vs. green team), but it
was ridiculous this time with Ian situation, he was born in the territory so that is not a
reason for leave him aside.

4.- I think that England must have a minister even though they have the Queen, This
is because the rule should apply for everyone not only some of them. This kind of
situation leaves blank spaces in the resolution of political problems.

5.- In the Austral zone of Chile, in Magallanes region there are a group of people
called regionalists, that is why this region has its own flag in representation of cities
like Puerto Williams, Puerto Natales and Punta Arenas (capital of the region), those
cities are too far from the south and center of the country, and sometimes this region
is not welled represented in the media.

6.-

 United Kingdom has a population of 68 million people with 1.8 million in

Northern Ireland, 3.1 millions in Wales, 5.4 millions in Scotland and 55.9
million in England.
 The union jack has a flag and its official name is ‘UNION FLAG’ and it is
called Union Jack when is flown at the sea. The ‘Jack’ name refers to the
national maritime flag. It was designed by King James I and Ireland wasn’t
added till 1922. The colors refer and strips of each flag is related with
England, Scotland and N. Ireland flag houses.

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  John Bull is the personification of England; he was created by a Scottish
mathematician named John Arbuthnot.
 The Roman name for Scotland was Caledonia, for Wales was Cambria and
for Ireland was Hibernia.
 Britannia was the female name that Roman gave to the Southern British
provinces

 The symbols

Flag Plant Patron Saint Saint’s Day

colour

Wales The Dewi Sant March 1st

Daffodil is
Yellow

Scotland The St. Andrew November

Cardo is 30th
violet

Ireland The St. Patrick March 17th

shamrock
is green

England The Tudor St. George April 23rd

Rose is
red

The crown dependencies are three isles: Bailiwicks of Jersey, Guernsey and Isle of
Man. They are not part of the United Kingdom; they are self-governing possessions
of The Queen or British Crown.

5. London

London is the capital of England, it was funded by the romans and they called
it Londinium. Now days Is one of the most important global cities and has the
fame of the world’s most powerful city along with a considerable impact in
arts, education, media and development to give some examples. The busiest
airport system is also in London.

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 If we talk about population, London is the third most populous city in Europe
with 8.9 million of inhabitants and more than 300 languages spoken.

Reflection: I didn’t know that in London were 300 languages spoken, and that makes
sense for me because I remember didn’t understand why in the movies there were
so many immigrants thinking it was a small place. Now I get the idea of why people
go there, it is such a big city.

Bibliography.

https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/queen-victoria
https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/uk-population/
https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/articles/9-things-you-didnt-know-
about-the-union-jack-flag/
https://www.britannica.com/place/Coventry-England
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-king-of-Wessex
https://www.britannica.com/event/Wars-of-the-Roses
https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/battle-of-hastings
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Robin-Hood

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