<Q&A>Dyeing technologies and their application, Low-salt dyeing - IS Co., Ltd. S...

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<Q&A> Dyeing technologies and their applications

Dr K. Imada,
Technology Imada Consulting
New Q&A
Low-salt dyeing
(Updated on 13
May)
Q: Low-salt dyeing has recently become a popular topic for discussion. What is
Contents
the role of inorganic salts in exhaustion dyeing with reactive dyestuffs, and
Dyestuffs how should they be used?
Dyeing
Dyeing with reactive
dyes A: Inorganic salts have two main functions in exhaustion dyeing with reactive
• Dyeing cotton knits dyestuffs:
• Recipes for
exhaustion dyeing 1. Improving the affinity of the dyestuff
• Levelness in cheese 2. Acceleration of the dyestuff's association and lowering of its solubility.
dyeing
• Level dyeing with Improving the affinity and thus the exhaustion of dyestuff during primary
Br Blue R
exhaustion serves to raise the exhaustion rate of reactive dyestuffs. Because
• Levelness in jet
reactive dyestuffs have a lower affinity than direct dyestuffs, more inorganic
dyeing
salt is required when using reactive dyestuffs in order to accelerate
• Dyeing mercerized
yarn
absorption. Thus, while around 10g/l of Glauber's salt is usually appropriate
for dyeing with direct dyes, an average of 50g/l is used with reactive dyes.
• Level dyeing with
phthalocyanine
While the amount of inorganic salt used varies according to the type of
Turq Blue dyestuff used, recently developed high-fixation dyestuffs with improved
• The role of alkali in affinity allow the amount of inorganic salt to be reduced. The amount of
reactive dyeing inorganic salt used can also be reduced when the concentration of the
• Low-salt dyeing dyestuff is low. The following displays the amount of Glauber's salt used, the
• The importance of exhaustion rate and the fixing rate for a conventional dye and a high-fixation
surfactants in dye (Sumifix Supra E-XF).
reactive dyeing
• The role of
sequestering
agents in reactive
dyeing
• Obverse and
reverse side color
differences in the
dyeing of cotton
knits
• Dispersing leveling
agents
• Setting the dyeing
temperature
• Liquor ratio and
dyeing properties
• Dyestuffs for post-
dyeing
mercerization
• Fluorescent
whitening of cotton
knits Because inorganic salts accelerate the association of water-soluble dyestuffs
• Reactive dyestuffs and lower the solubility of dyestuffs, an excess of inorganic salt may in fact
for ground color in impede the absorption of some dyestuffs, and so care is necessary when one
discharge printing is used.
• De-fixing
• Countermeasures
Due to considerations of effectiveness and cost, both Glauber's salt and
against coloring of
dye effluent common salt (sodium chloride) are used in dyeing. In terms of their role as
• Reactive dyeing of
an inorganic salt, these two are effectively the same because of the sodium
silk cation active in both. In respect to their molecular weights, 1kg of Glauber's
• salt contains 324g of sodium while 1kg of common salt contains 393g of
Reasons for focus sodium, and thus an advantage of common salt is that the quantity required
of attention on
reactive dyestuff

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for wool
• Method of reactive is only 82% of that of Glauber's salt. However, the use of common salt can
dyeing for wool easily result in the lowering of the solubility of the dyestuff and can also
• The mechanism of cause the metal in the dyeing equipment to corrode due to the presence of
vinylsulfone-based chlorine ions, and it is due to these problems that Glauber's salt is commonly
reactive dyestuff in used in Japan. Overseas, however, common salt is often used because of its
its reaction to wool low cost. Rock salt is sometimes used, but care is required because
• Method of testing impurities in rock salt (metallic ions other than those of sodium) can
the effect of negatively effect dyeing.
bleaching on cotton
knits
• Ways to detect The effectiveness of the inorganic salt is not decided by the ratio of its
sizing agent quantity to the quantity of fabric (o.w.f.) but rather by its concentration in
remaining after the dyebath (g/l), and so it is by lowering its concentration that the effect of
desizing and
an inorganic salt can be reduced.
scouring
• The effect of resin
treatment on
reactive-dyed fabric
• The effect of moist
curing
• Reactive dyes that
produce less color
alteration in VP
finishing
• Degradation of
cotton dyed with
metal-complex
dyes through
peroxide washing
• Reactive dyeing of
cotton/silk/
polyurethane union
weaves
Dyeing with disperse
dyes
Dyeing blended fibers
Colorfastness
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No reproduction or republication without written permission.

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