Reactive Dye and Disperse Dye

Prepared By :

Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshir

ID: 2010000400008
13th Batch (session 2009-2013)
Department : Wet Processing Technology
Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com
Blog : www. Textilelab.blogspot.com (visit)

Southeast University
Department Of Textile Engineering
I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh
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Chronology of Dye Companies

ICI Zeneca BASF

Mobay Miles Bayer

DyStar
DyStar
Sumitomo
Hoechst

Sodyeco
Sandoz Sandoz Clariant
Ciba + Geigy Ciba-Geigy Ciba
Crompton and Knowles Yorkshire
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Dyes Dyeing Condition (pH)
Acid (Wool) 2-4, 4-6, 6-8 (depends
on types of dyes)
Acid (Nylon) 4.5-5.5, 6-7 (depends
on types of dyes)
Basic 3.5-4
Direct 7.0
Disperse (Polyester) 5-6
Disperse (Acetate) 6.5-7.0
Disperse (Triacetate) 4.5-6.5
Reactive 7.0 (Exhaustion)
11.0 (Fixing)
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Textile Auxilaries
1. Salt - reduce negative charges on the fibers
2. Water - dyeing media
3. Soda Ash - excite the dye to link with the fibers with covalent bonding.
Therefore, it enhances wet fastness
4. Fixing Agent - enhance wet fastness for heavy shade but usually reduc
e light fastness.
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Textile Auxiliaries
1. Leveling agent - for levelness dyeing
2. Retarding agent - for inhibiting the dye not attach to fibers too fast
3. Acid - adjust the dyeing condition and make the fibers to show
negative charges
4. Water - dyeing media
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Introduction to Coloration & Finishing

 Reactive Dyes

General Properties of Reactive dyes

 water-soluble compounds

 give excellent wet-fastness

 easy to hydrolized

 Enough simple dyeing proses

 Choice of more complete available colour

 Good colour resilience

 Advantages of the Reactive Dyes

 Permanency of the colour

 Easy washing

 Chemical Binding

Types of reactive dyes

 Vinylsulphone Dye (VS)

 Monochlorotriazine Dye (MCT)

 Bi-functional Dye
 Based on its reactivity , reactive dye divided 2 faction :

1. Hot reactive dyes 

    Reactive dyes which  have low reactivity ( monochlorotriazin
faction )
    Example of : Procion  HE  type ( ICI ) , Begative  HE  type
( Colorindo )

2. Cool reactive dyes

    Reactive dyes which  have high reactivity ( dichlorotriazin faction )
    Example :  Procion MX type ( ICI )
Illustrating reaction which happened by at dyeing process
between reactive dye with cellulose fibre
 Side Reaction

•Hydrolysis of dichlorotriazine
1.Results in wasted dye
2.Economic and environmental concern
•Typically fixation of around 60% is obtained
 Dyeing Conditions

Time allowed for diffusion of dye into substrate

‰ Concentration of dye in fiber is up to 500 times greater than in solution
Acidity difference creates ~25-fold excess cellulose anion
 Leaving Groups

Variation of substituents = variations in fixation

‰ “Cold” dyes = fixation temperature of 30-40°C
‰ “Warm” dyes = fixation temperature of 50-80°C
‰ “Hot” dyes = fixation temperature of >80°C
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REACTIVE DYES
 This is an entirely class of dye
introduced to the market in 1956.
 They react chemically with the fibre
being dyed & if correctly applied,
cannot be removed by washing or
boiling.

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 23

REACTIVE DYES
 The main feature of the
dyestuff is its low
affinity to cellulose;
therefore large
amounts of salt are
required to force its
deposition on he fabric.

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 24

REACTIVE DYES

 After this has been

achieved, addition of
alkali causes the
deposited dyes to react
with the fibre.
 Only a successfully
concluded reaction
guarantees a fast dyeing.
 Basically there are two
types of reactive dyes:
the cold dyeing & hot
dyeing types.
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 25

REACTIVE DYES - USE:

 Reactive dyes are used where
bright dyeing with high light &
wash fastness is required.
 Cold dyeing is used extensively
in batik work.
 Although some reactive
dyestuffs have been specially
modified to dye wool, their main
usage is in dyeing cotton linen &
viscose rayon.

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 26
Yellow 2GL

 Cold water fibre reactive Golden Yellow 2RL

REACTIVE DYES
dyes, suitable for dyeing on Orange 2R
cotton, silk, jute, rayon &
hessian. Scarlet
 Cannot be used on Red BG (primary)
synthetics or fabric that Red 4B (bluish red)
has been coated with resin Red 8B (magenta)
or drip-dry finish.
Rubinole 5B
Brilliant Blue 2R
Brilliant Blue BL
Violet 2R
Turquoise 2G
Navy GRL
Brown 2R
Brilliant Green BL
Black B (blue base)
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Black 2B (green base)
 Popular Dyes For Synthetic Fibers
DYES for SYINTHETIC FIBERS

Name of fibers Name of common dyes that are used

Polyester Disperse Dyes
Doesn't take dyes ordinarily. It requires
Acetate (Cellulose acetate)
cross dyeing.
Acrylic Disperse dyes
Modacrylic Fiber Reactive Dyes
Modal Fiber Reactive Dyes
Nylon Cationic Dyes, Acid Dyes, Disperse Dyes
Orlon Disperse Dye
Rayon Acetate Rayon Dyes
Saron RIT Dyes
Spandex Disperse Dyes
Vinalon Doesn't take Dyes (in normal condition)
Vinyon Doesn't take Dyes (in normal condition)
 Disperse Dyes

DISPERSE DYES FOR DYEING IS DIVIDED BY 3 FACTION :

1. Disperse dyes of the size molecule small
Example  :  Dispersol  B ( ICI )

2. Disperse dyes of the size molecule medium

Example  :  Dispersol  C ( ICI )

3. Disperse dyes of the size molecule big

Example  :  Dispersol  D ( ICI )
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Dye for Other Fibres:

Disperse
Dyes for
Polyester,
Acetate
Cationic
Dyes for
Acrylic
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2004

Classification of dyes
Dye Main
General description
Class application
Disperse Require skill in application (either Mostly used
by carrier or under high for polyester
temperature); moderate price; & acetate; can
complete colour range; limited also be applied
solubility in water (normally on nylon &
dispersed in water for Acrylic.
application); good fastness
after reduction clearing treatment;
sublimation property.
30 Introduction to Coloration &
Finishing
 31

DISPERSE DYES

 The introduction of a new regenerated cellulose

acetate fibre in 1920 led to the necessity to
develop an entirely new range of dyes.
 It was found that acetate (or Celanese) fibre
had hardly any affinity for water-soluble dyes.
 A new dyeing principle was introduced: dyeing
with water dispersed coloured organic
substances.
 These finely coloured particles are applied in
aqueous dispersion to the acetate material &
actually dissolved in the fibres.

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 32

DISPERSE DYES - USE:

 Basically developed for dyeing of
acetate fibres, Disperse dyes are also
used for dyeing of polyamide (Nylon)
& acrylic (Orlon & Acrylan) fibres.
 With the addition of 'carriers' or
swelling agents these dyes are also
used in dyeing of Polyester (Terylene,
Dacron, etc.)

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Advantage and disanvantage:

1. Disperse dyes of the size molecule small  

-     Dyeing levelness very good

-     Hot resilience low
-     Temperature dyeing low ( economical energy )
-     Usable for dyeing 130 0C with very by good level
2. Disperse dyes of the size molecule medium  

-     Dyeing levelness good

  -     Good colour resilience
-     Absorbtion dye into maximum fibre
-     Not sensitive to temperature and time
-     Accessible dye at characteristic temperature 130 C in a
short time
3. Disperse dye of the size molecule big  

-    Resilience colour  to temperature very good

-    Sensitive to time and temperature
-     Need to process  reduction  clearing ( RC )
 Disperse Dyes for Polyester Dyeing Method

1. High temperature high pressure dyeing

 dyeing at atmospheric pressure

 Fixation 45 to 60 minutes at 120°C t0 130°C

2. Carrier dyeing
 carried out under atmosphere pressure by an addition of carrier

 Fixation  90-120 min at 100°C.

3. Thermosol dyeing
 continuous dyeing method

 fixation  dry heating for 60-120 sec. at 180- 210°C (depending on

the form of the material and type of disperse dyes)
 Dyeing of polyester/cotton blend

Three well known exhaust dyeing procedures :

(1) a conventional two bath procedure

(2) a reverse two bath procedure

(3) a one bath, multi step procedure

(1) The conventional two bath procedure

1. first dyed with a disperse dye at pH 5-7 at 120°-140° C to dye the

polyester.

2. removed from this first dye bath and transferred to a second dye

bath containing a fiber reactive dye, electrolyte and alkali.

(2)The reverse two bath procedure

1.first dyeing the cotton with the fiber reactive dye

2. dyed the polyester with the disperse dye in separate dye baths.
(3) In the one bath multi-step procedure

1. a single dye bath is prepared and the cotton portion of the blend is

dyed alkaline conditions low temperature the presence of

electrolyte.

2.The dye bath is then acidified to lower the pH and a disperse dye is

added

 the polyester portion of the blend is dyed at 120° C. to 130° C.

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