Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Pablo Borbon Main II
College of Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts

Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department

CE 404
FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING

Laboratory Exercise No. 11

INTERIOR TRAVERSE

Duag, Lyka Margarette D.

Icaro, Joanne Bernadette G.
Lat, Emmanuel Rouen A.
Macatangay, Jackielyn Gem R.
Mendoza, Joana Reach D.
Nibay, Alinna Maree A.
Pagcaliwagan, Larra Marie J.
Palma, Erron John P.
Palma, Recca Joy M.
Tapia, Jerich P.
Valencia, Andrian L.

GROUP 2

CE 2201

Submitted to:

ENGR. MARCELO R. TEÑOSO JR.

Instructor

CE 404 – Fundamentals of Surveying

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
College of Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts

Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 11

INTERIOR TRAVERSE

I. OBJECTIVES

a) To run a closed traverse by measuring interior angles.

II. DATE & WEATHER CONDITION

May 06, 2020 – Fair Weather

III. PARTY MEMBERS DESIGNATION

Duag, Lyka Margarette D. : Chief of Party

Palma, Recca Joy M. : Assistant Chief of Party

Icaro, Joanne Bernadette G. : Utilityman

Lat, Emmanuel Rouen A. : Utilityman

Macatangay, Jackielyn Gem R. : Utilityman

Mendoza, Joana Reach D. : Computer

Nibay, Alinna Maree A. : Head Tapeman

Pagcaliwagan, Larra Marie J. : Recorder

Palma, Erron John P. : Instrumentman

Tapia, Jerich P. : Rodman

Valencia, Andrian L. : Computer

IV. EQUIPMENTS / INSTRUMENTS

Engineer’s Transit or Theodolite, Range Poles, Chaining Pins, Hubs or Pegs,

Steel Tape, and Plumb Bobs.

V. PROCEDURE

1. Establish the corners of the assigned traverse (with 5 or 6 corners). Call these
corners A, B,C, etc; and use pegs or hubs to mark each. Also, set range poles
close to these corners to serve as guides or markers during sighting. Refer to the
accompanying sketch of a sample closed traverse with 5 corners.

CE 404 – Fundamentals of Surveying

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
College of Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts

Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department

2. Set up ang level the instrument over the first corner (A), and determine the
bearing or azimuth of course AB or ϴab (The direction of this course is determined
in order that the traverse can be correctly oriented for plotting later).

3. Measure clockwise the interior angle at A in two repititions, the first with
telescope in direct position and second with telescope in reversed position.
Record both readings accordingly, then, determine the mean and record this as
ϴa.

Fig 4-14. Interior Angle Traverse

4. Measure with a steel tape the distance from the occupied traverse corner to the
next corner sighted. Perform a second measurement bac and record both
measurements. Determine the mean and record this as the actual length of the
line (shown as d1, d2, etc.).

5. Transfer the instrument to the next corner and repeat the same process of
determining the interior angle and measuring related distances. Do this until all
corners have been occupied.

6. Tabulate observed and computed value accordingly. Refer to the accompanying

sample format for the tabulation of field data.

OBSERVED INTERIOR
STA STA DIST MEAN ANGLE COR ADJUSTED
OCC OBS . DIST. R INT ANGLE
DIRECT REVERSED MEAN

E
A
B

A
B
C

B
C
D

CE 404 – Fundamentals of Surveying

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
College of Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts

Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department

C
D
E

E D

VI. DATA

STA OCC STA OBS OBSERVED INTERIOR ANGLES

F
A 121° 36’ 06”
B
A
B 125° 16’ 04”
C
B
C 123° 21’ 44”
D
C
D 121° 09’ 58”
E
D
E 120° 30’ 12”
F
E
F 108° 06’ 08”
A

VII. SKETCH

Observed Interior Angles

CE 404 – Fundamentals of Surveying

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
College of Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts

Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department

VIII. COMPUTATIONS

1. The mean interior angles of the traverse were added, and their sum is subtracted
from (n – 2)×180 deg, where n is the number of sides (or corners) of the traverse.
The difference, which may be a positive or negative value, is the total angular error
or closure.

2. To determine the correction to be applied to each interior angle, divide the

closure by the number of interior angles.

3. The adjusted interior angles are determined by adding algebraically the

computed correction to each mean interior angle. The sum of the adjusted interior
angles should then equal to (n – 2)180 deg. In this adjustment it is assumed that the
angular error is of the same amount at each station.

Computations:

Determining the ANGULAR ERROR or CLOSURE:

n = 6 (number of interior angles in the traverse)

Sum1 = 𝜃A + 𝜃B + 𝜃C + 𝜃D + 𝜃E
= 121°36’06” + 125°16’04” + 123°21’44” + 121°09’58” + 120°30’12” + 108°06’08”
= 720° 0’ 12” (sum of the observed interior angles)
Sum2 = (n – 2) 180°
= (6 – 2) 180°
= 4 (180°)
= 720° 0’ 0’’ (sum of the interior angles for a six – sided closed traverse)
Closure = Sum2 – Sum1
= 720° 0’ 0’’ – 720° 0’ 12”
= - 0° 0’ 12” (angular error for the observed interior angles)
Corr. = Closure
n
= - 0° 0’ 12”
6
= - 0° 0’ 2” (correction to be applied to each interior angle)

Determining the ADJUSTED INTERIOR ANGLES:

𝜃A’ = 𝜃A + Corr. = 123° 21’ 42”

= 121° 36’ 06” – 0° 0’ 2”
= 121° 36’ 04” 𝜃D’ = 𝜃D + Corr.
𝜃B’ = 𝜃B + Corr. = 121° 09’ 58” – 0° 0’ 2”
= 125° 16’ 04” – 0° 0’ 2” = 121° 09’ 56”
= 125° 16’ 02”
𝜃E’ = 𝜃E + Corr.
𝜃C’ = 𝜃C + Corr. = 120° 30’ 12” – 0° 0’ 2”
= 123° 21’ 44” – 0° 0’ 2” = 120° 30’ 10”

CE 404 – Fundamentals of Surveying

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
College of Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts

Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department

= 108° 06’ 08” – 0° 0’ 2”

𝜃F’ = 𝜃F + Corr. = 108° 06’ 06”

Checking:

ᶲA + ᶲB + ᶲC + ᶲD + ᶲE + ᶲF = (n – 2) 180°

121° 36’ 04” (n – 2)180° = 4 (180°)

125° 16’ 02” = 720° 00’ 00’’
123° 21’ 42”
121° 09’ 56”
120° 30’ 10”
+ 108° 06’ 06” ✓
720° 00’ 00’’ = 720° 00’ 00’’
720° 00’ 00’’

IX. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

STA STA
OBSERVED INTERIOR ANGLE CORR ADJUSTED INT ANGLE
OCC OBS
F
A 121° 36’ 06” - 0° 0’ 2” 121° 36’ 04”
B
A
B 125° 16’ 04” - 0° 0’ 2” 125° 16’ 02”
C
B
C 123° 21’ 44” - 0° 0’ 2” 123° 21’ 42”
D
C
D 121° 09’ 58” - 0° 0’ 2” 121° 09’ 56”
E
D
E 120° 30’ 12” - 0° 0’ 2” 120° 30’ 10”
F
E
F 108° 06’ 08” - 0° 0’ 2” 108° 06’ 06”
A

CE 404 – Fundamentals of Surveying

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
College of Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts

Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department

Adjusted Interior Angles

Conclusion:

X. REMARKS, HINTS & PRECAUTIONS

1. Interior angles may be measured either in clockwise or counterclockwise

direction, however, it is good practice to measure all angles clockwise. By
consistently following one method, mistakes in reading, recording, and plotting
are reduced.

2. As a check, exterior angles at each corner may also be measured to close the
horizon.

3. At each corner the horizontal scale is set to zero, and a sight to the corner on the
left (preceding) is taken. The instrument is then turned on its upper motion until
the corner on the right (succeeding) is sighted and the interior angle is observed
and recorded.

4. All interior angles should be turned at least twice, once with the telescope in
direct position and once in reversed position.

5. When all interior angles of the traverse have been measured, check the sum of
the mean interior angles. This sum should not deviate from (n – 2) 180 deg by
more than the square root of n times the least count of the instrument vernier,
where n is the number of interior angles measured.

6. In adjusting the interior angles, it is assumed that all angles were observed with
equal precision, and the error is distributed equally among the angles.

7. If there is a need to determine the azimuth or bearing of a succeeding line (or

lines) in the traverse, a sketch of the known data observed at the succeeding
corners should each be prepared since from it the required calculations will be
obvious.

CE 404 – Fundamentals of Surveying

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
College of Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts

Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department

XI. DOCUMENTATION

CE 404 – Fundamentals of Surveying

 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main II
College of Engineering, Architecture, and Fine Arts

Civil and Sanitary Engineering Department

XII. SOURCES
La Putt, J. (1985). Surveying: Lab Manual. Baguio, Philippines: Baguio Research
& Publishing Center

CE 404 – Fundamentals of Surveying