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Em07p2 PDF
Em07p2 PDF
µ0 I1 dl1 × rˆ µ0 I1 dl1 ⋅ dl 2
Φ 2 = ∫ B1 ⋅ da and B1 =
4π v∫ r 2
Φ2 =
4π ∫
v ∫
v r
µ dl ⋅ dl
M 21 = 0 v∫ v∫ 1 2 ⇐ Neumann formula
4π r
µ0 dl1 × rˆ
Φ2 = [
4π ∫ v∫ r2
⋅ da]I1 = M 21 I1
Example LR Circuits
A coaxial cable consists of an inner wire of radius a that How does the current rise and fall as a function of time in a
carries a current I upward, and an outer cylindrical conductor circuit containing an inductor and a resistor in series?
of radius b that carries the same current downward. Find the Rise dI
Vemf − IR − L =0
self-inductance of a coaxial cable of length L. Ignore the dt
magnetic flux within the inner wire. dI
Let I = I 0 e −α t + β ⇒ = −α I 0 e −α t
dt
Solution:
µI µI −α t R
B = 0 , dΦ = BdA = 0 Adx e : α=
L
2πx 2πx
E
b µ I µ IA b 0 : E − Rβ = 0 ⇒ β =
Φ = ∫ 0 Adx = 0 ln = LI R
a 2πx 2π a t = 0 : I = − β = − E
µA b
0
R
L = 0 ln E R
2π a
− t
∴ I = (1 − e L )
Hint1: The direction of the magnetic field. R
∂t ∇⋅B = 0 v∫S B ⋅ da = 0
∂D
∇⋅B = 0 ∇×H − = Jf
∂t
M = µ0 χ m H D1 ⋅ a − D2 ⋅ a = σ f a ⇒ D1⊥ − D2⊥ = σ f
So D = ε 0 E + P = ε 0 (1 + χ e )E = ε E
1 v∫ B ⋅ da = 0
H= B−M ⇒ B = µ0 (1 + χ m )H = µ H wafer thin S
µ0 Gaussian pillbox B1 ⋅ a − B 2 ⋅ a = σ f a ⇒ B1⊥ − B2⊥ = 0
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Boundary Conditions (II) Boundary Conditions in Linear Media
Differential form Integral form
D1⊥ − D2⊥ = σ f E1// − E2// = 0
∂B ∂
∇×E + =0 v∫ E ⋅ dl = − ∂t ∫ B ⋅ da for any surface S B1⊥ − B2⊥ = 0 H1⊥ − H ⊥2 = (K f × nˆ )
∂t
bounded by the
P S
∂D ∂ In case of linear media, D and H can be express in terms of
∇×H −
∂t
= Jf v∫P H ⋅ dl = J f + ∂t ∫S D ⋅ da closed loop P. E and B.
ε1 E1 − ε 2 E2 = σ f
⊥ ⊥ // //
E1 − E2 = 0
∂
v∫P E ⋅ dl = − ∂t ∫S B ⋅ da B1⊥ − B2⊥ = 0
1
B1⊥ −
1
B ⊥2 = K f × nˆ
∂ µ1 µ2
E1 ⋅ l − E2 ⋅ l = − ∫ B ⋅ da ⇒ E1// − E2// = 0
∂t S
∂ If there is no free charge or free current at the interface,
v∫P H ⋅ dl = J f + ∂t ∫S D ⋅ da then ε E⊥ − ε E⊥ = 0 E // − E // = 0
1 1 2 2 1 2
∂
very thin Amperian H1 ⋅ l − H 2 ⋅ l = I fenc + ∫ D ⋅ da ⇒ (H1⊥ − H ⊥2 ) ⋅ l = I fenc 1 1
loop straddling the ∂t S B1⊥ − B2⊥ = 0 B1⊥ − B ⊥2 = 0
µ1 µ2
surface I fenc = K f ⋅ (nˆ × l ) = (K f × nˆ ) ⋅ l ⇒ H1⊥ − H ⊥2 = (K f33× nˆ ) 34
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