NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SANTA

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND HUMANITIES

PROFESSIONAL OF SCHOOL OF SECUNDARY
EDUCATION
LANGUAGES: ENGLISH-FRENCH

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE UNITED

STATES AND THE UNITED KINGDOM:
GOVERNMENT, ECONOMY AND TRANSPORT
___________________________________________________________________

STUDENT:

TITO VEGA, YAZMIN RENE

PROFESSOR:

PLASENCIA RUBIO, MARILU

NUEVO CHIMBOTE – PERU

2020

INDEX
1. GOVERNMENTAL POLITICS.......................................................................................4
1.1. UNITED STATES..........................................................................................................4
1.1.1. FEDERAL SYSTEM..............................................................................................4
 EXECUTIVE BRANCH................................................................................................4
 THE PRESIDENT..........................................................................................................4
 CABINET........................................................................................................................4
 ELECTIONS...................................................................................................................4
 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH............................................................................................4
 JUDICIAL BRANCH....................................................................................................5
1.1.2. CONSTITUTION OF 1787....................................................................................5
1.2. UNITED KINGDOM.................................................................................................5
1.2.1. CONSTITUTIONAL REGIME............................................................................5
 EXECUTIVE BRANCH................................................................................................5
 THE QUEEN..................................................................................................................5
 Prime Minister....................................................................................................................5
 CABINET........................................................................................................................6
 ELECTIONS...................................................................................................................6
 PARLIAMENT...............................................................................................................6
 JUDICIAL BRANCH....................................................................................................6
1.2.2. UK DOESN'T HAVE A WRITTEN CONSTITUTION......................................6
2. ECONOMY....................................................................................................................7
2.1. UNITED STATES..........................................................................................................7
 WHAT DOES THE UNITED STATES EXPORT?....................................................7
2.2. UNITED KINGDOM.................................................................................................7
 WHAT DOES THE UNITED KINGDOM EXPORT?...............................................7
3. TRANSPORT.....................................................................................................................8
3.1. UNITED STATES..........................................................................................................8
 METRO...........................................................................................................................8
 CAR.................................................................................................................................8
 BUS..................................................................................................................................8
3.2. UNITED KINGDOM.................................................................................................8
 CAR.....................................................................................................................................8
 BUS..................................................................................................................................8
 SIGHTSEEING BUSES.................................................................................................9
 BIKE................................................................................................................................9
 TRAIN.............................................................................................................................9
 UNDERGROUND..........................................................................................................9
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES.....................................................................................10
 1. GOVERNMENTAL POLITICS

1.1. UNITED STATES

1.1.1. FEDERAL SYSTEM

Federalism is the political system by which government functions are divided

between a central power and associated states. The federal power is the power of the
states (today 50) and behind them, the local power, which takes multiple forms and
has as its basic administrative unit the county. for its management each state has an
elected governor and a legislature of its own (The Economist, 2016).

 EXECUTIVE BRANCH

 The President

President Donald J. TRUMP. The president is both chief of state and head of
government. Vice President Michael R. PENCE

 Cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president, approved by the Senate.

 Elections

The President and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by the Electoral
College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year
term (eligible for a second term); last election was on 8 November 2016 (next to be on 3
November 2020)

Requirements to be president in the USA:

 Be over 35 years old.

 Live in USA for more than 14 years.
 Be of American nationality.

 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

It is made up of the House of Representatives (435 members) and the Senate (100
members), which together form the bicameral Congress, an institution that has the
power to enact laws, wars, and research. Its headquarters are the Capital of Washington
DC (Agence France-Presse, 2019).
  JUDICIAL BRANCH

The US court system consists of the federal court system and the state court systems;
although each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is
completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact The Supreme Court
is the highest court.

1.1.2. CONSTITUTION OF 1787

The Supreme Law Governing the Functioning of the United States was adopted on
September 17, 1787, at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania). It
contains all the fundamental rules of the nation. It establishes the form of government
and guarantees the rights and freedoms of the American people.

1.2. UNITED KINGDOM

1.2.1. CONSTITUTIONAL REGIME

The United Kingdom of Great Britain is a constitutional and parliamentary monarchy.

Moyan says that “the British political system has been the product of a long historical
evolution since the invasion of William the Conqueror in 1066” (2016). There are three
fundamental events to understand the development and real state of political institutions
in the United Kingdom: the signing of Magna Carta in 1215, which established a
separation between the nobility and the Crown; the Revolution of 1688, a foreseeable
Bill of Rights, which manages to initiate a cooperative relationship between Parliament
and the king; and, finally, the Reform Bill of 1832 setting out government guidelines.

 EXECUTIVE BRANCH

 The Queen

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son
of the queen, born 14 November 1948).

 Prime Minister
Prime Minister Boris JOHNSON (Conservative) (since 24 July 2019). Prime Minister
Theresa MAY announced her resignation to be effective after the election of a new
Conservative Party leader in July
  Cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the prime minister. Its Cabinet consists of several ministers
between 15 and 25 members.

 Elections

The monarchy is hereditary. following legislative elections.

The leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime
minister; last election was on 8 June 2017 (next to be on 5 May 2022).

 PARLIAMENT

Parliament consists of two Houses, the Commons (Lower House) and the Lords (Upper
House). The members of the first House are elected by universal suffrage. The members
of the second are appointed by the Monarch, on the recommendation of the Prime
Minister. Both legislate, control the government's performance and discuss current
issues. This bicameral system allows for mutual control (Aitor, 2019).

The head of government is the prime minister. He is the leader of the majority party in
the House of Commons.

 JUDICIAL BRANCH

Judiciary is the last branch of power in the UK and it is made up of the court system
with the Supreme Court on top.

Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of 12 justices) was established by the

Constitutional Reform Act 2005, replacing the Appellate Committee of the House of
Lords as the highest court in the United Kingdom

1.2.2. UK DOESN'T HAVE A WRITTEN CONSTITUTION

The UK constitution has not been codified in one document. However,

general constitutional principles run through the law, and central statutes have been
recognised as holding "constitutional" value (UK Political System, 2014).
2. ECONOMY

2.1. UNITED STATES

The United States is the second largest exporting mayor in the world after China. The
top destinations for American exports are: Canada (17%), Mexico (13%), China (8.1%),
Japan (5.6%), Germany (4.7%) and South Korea (3.7).

 What does the United States export?

Studies from Monterrey appoited that “the main exports of the United States are:
Automobiles, petroleum and refined oils, medicines, telephones, vehicle parts and
accessories, gold, turbojets and turbines” (2013).

The United States has 7 of the world's 20 largest companies according to revenue:

 Exxon Mobil
 Walmart
 Chevron
 ConocoPhillips
 Apple
 General Motors
 General Electric

2.2. UNITED KINGDOM

The UK is the ninth importer and sixth largest exporter in the world.

Studies from Monterrey show that “ its main trading partners are European countries:
Germany (9.8%), the Netherlands (7.2%), France (5.7%). It also has important trade
relations with the United States (11%) and China (5.7%)” (2017).

 What does the United Kingdom export?

The country mainly exports machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, minerals and
precious metals. While its main imports are machinery, transport equipment, minerals,
chemicals, textiles and food.

The most famous companies in UK are: BP plc, HSBC Holdings (Hong-Kong &
Shangai Banking Corp), Legal & General Group, Tesco, Prudential plc., Unilever),
HBOS (Halifax - Bank of Scotland), Barclays Plc, BT Group PLC (British Telecom),
Diageo PLC, Royal & Sun Alliance Insurance plc, Lloyds TSB Group., Sainsbury,
Alliance Boots plc.,
3. TRANSPORT

3.1. UNITED STATES

 METRO

Metro, also called underground, subway or tube. Big cities like Baltimore, Atlanta,
Buffalo, Boston, Cleveland, Chicago, Philadelphia, Newark, Washintong, New York,
San Francisco and Los Angeles have efficient subway service (Absolut EEUU, 2016).

Fare: $1.75 for midday, $2.50 for a two-hour local pass

 CAR

This is the best option that can be used to get around the United States, the road network
has excellent infrastructure and is the largest in the world, composed of national,
municipal and state roads, as well as parks, forests and roads Rural.

 BUS

The service is only a little cheaper than the plane, and much slower. Buses connect most
cities and are in an acceptable state.

3.2. UNITED KINGDOM

 CAR
The Most people in Britain travel by car. About 75% of households have at least one
car.

 BUS

The bus is a fairly inexpensive and highly recommended means of transport, as well as
being an iconic means of the City of London. Buses are present in all cities in England.
The English refer to them by the name of coaches. If you are touring on a tight budget -
or if you just like to see the countryside pass at a more leisurely pace - the cheapest UK
intercity travel is by bus.

Finding UK bus and coach schedules and routes is easy. Reservations, when they are
required, can be made last-minute, offering freedom and spontaneity, as well as easy
travel from continental Europe by coach for a cross-border vacation. Buses, on the other
hand, are always local (Cordova, 2015). In addition to London's familiar, red, double-
decker buses, all UK cities have some kind of local bus service - many with double-
decker buses as well. There are also dozens of country bus services.
Taking an ordinary public bus is a very cheap way for a visitor to have a good look
around. And thanks to the internet, figuring out bus schedules and finding bus routes
and fare prices is much easier for visitors nowadays.

 SIGHTSEEING BUSES

There are many sightseeing, open top, buses in London and other cities. They are used
by tourists.

 BIKE

The best cycling city in England is Oxford, a city where a peaceful coexistence between
drivers, pedestrians and cyclists prevails. Bike hire costs £2 to access the bikes for 24-
hour bike access, and the first 30 minutes of each journey is free. Longer journeys cost
£2 for each additional 30 minutes (Transport in London, 2020). The Bike Week is an
event that promove cycling. It consists in go cycling everyday in everywhere you go.
5,000 people took part in Bike Week last year.

 TRAIN

Trains are one of the most important means of transport in England. Railway lines run
through and connect the largest and most important cities. They have quite affordable
prices, they are a very comfortable option. English trains meet the famous punctuality of
the English.

 UNDERGROUND

This kind of transport is important in London. The London Underground, also known as
"The Tube,". Having stood the test of time it ranks as one of the greatest metro systems
in the world. Avoid rush hours (from 07:30 to 09:30 and from 16:00 to 19:00h) and try
not to carry large packages (London Toolkit, 2020).

 Children from 5 to 10 years old travel free on the Underground if they are
accompanied by an adult.
 Peak Fares: Monday to Friday (not on public holidays) between 06:30 and
09:30, and between 16:00 and 19:00
 Off-peak Fares: at all other times.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

 The Economist (2016) Sistema Político. Especial elecciones Estados

Unidos. Recoverd from
https://www.eleconomista.es/especiales/elecciones-estados-
unidos/sistema-politico.php
 Agence France-Presse (2019) El sistema político británico. Ednh news.
Recoverd from https://www.ednh.news/es/el-sistema-politico-britanico/
 Moyan, B., (22, august, 2016) El sistema de gobierno y política del Reino
Unido en 8 preguntas. The intern group. Recoverd from
https://www.theinterngroup.com/our-blog/el-sistema-de-gobierno-y-
politica-del-reino-unido-en-8-preguntas/
 AITOR, C., (19, dicember, 2019) Todo lo que debes saber sobre el sistema
político británico en 5 minutos. El iberico. Recoverd from
https://www.eliberico.com/todo-lo-que-debes-saber-sobre-el-sistema-
politico-britanico-en-5-minutos/
 UK Political System. (2014) Recoverd from
https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/2/530/4.pdf
 Monterrey. J., (2013) Actividades económicas de Estados Unidos.
Actividades económicas. Recoverd from
https://www.actividadeseconomicas.org/2013/02/actividades-
economicas-de-estados-unidos.html
 Monterrey. J., (2017) Actividades económicas de Inglaterra (UK). Actividades
económicas. Recoverd from
https://www.actividadeseconomicas.org/2017/01/actividades-
economicas-de-inglaterra.html
 Absolut EEUU (31, march, 2016) Transportes en Estados Unidos.
Absolutviajes. Recoverd from
https://www.absolutviajes.com/transportes-en-estados-unidos/
 Cordova, L, (29, june, 2015) Medios de transporte en Inglaterra. New link
education. Recoverd from http://www.newlink.es/blog/medios-de-
transporte-en-inglaterra/
 Transport in London (2020) Tube and rail Fares. Tf Gov Uk. Recoverd from
https://tfl.gov.uk/fares/find-fares/tube-and-rail-fares
 London Toolkit (2020) London Underground: fares and how to use them.
London Toolkit Recoverd from
https://www.londontoolkit.com/briefing/underground.htm