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MEC023

WORKSHOP PRACTICE II
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Table of Contents

S. No Name of the Jobs Page

No.
1 To prepare a Funnel with Soldering Operation as per sketch 4

2 To prepare a Book Rack Stand as per sketch. 5

3 To prepare a Tray with Soldering Operation as per sketch 6

4 Preparation of a double strap joint. 7

5 To prepare a square pen stand from G.I. sheet with riveting at corners 8

6 To prepare a round cylinder using G.I. sheet with soldering operation. 9

7 To prepare a Butt-Joint with electric arc-welding, as per shown in sketch. 10

8 To prepare a Lap-Joint with electric arc-welding, as per shown in sketch. 11

9 To prepare a corner joint by electric arc welding as per shown in sketch. 12

10 To prepare a T- joint by electric arc welding, as per shown in sketch. 13

11 Preparation of Zero shape as per drawing using square rod. 14

12 Preparation of angle using vertical welding 15

13 To fabricate a circuit for the electrical wiring of, Fan with regulator and Bulb 16
through a main switch and its testing using a series lamp and parallel circuit
lamp.
14 Testing and rectification of simulated faults in electrical appliances such as 17
‘Electric Iron’ Ceiling Fan. Electric kettle’.
15 Layout of stair case wiring using two way switch. 20

16 Layout of electrical tube light wiring. 21

17 Layout of godown wiring using two way switches. 22

18 To prepare a distribution board. 23

19 Identification and familiarization with the following electronic instruments: 25

a) Multimeter analog and digital (Three and half digit).
b) Single beam simple CRO, Signal Generator and Function Generator;
function of every knob on the front panel.

20 Fabrication of Half Wave Rectifier, Full Wave rectifier on PCB. 27

21 To perform soldering and de-soldering while doing assembly and 29

disassemble of different components for specified circuit
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22 Testing of resistor by using colour coding and multimeter. 32

23 Realization of water level indicator on bread board. 33

24 To prepare a circuit of auto switch on light Using LDR. 34

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Job1: To prepare a Funnel with Soldering Operation as per sketch.

Equipment Required: Steel Foot Rule, Scriber, Spring Divider, Straight Snip, Mallet, Chisel,
Hammer, Dot Punch, Half Round File, Bench Vice, Anvil, Lever Shearing Machine, Soldering iron,
Funnel Stake, Plier, Nose Plier, and Long Nose Hammer.

Material Required: G.I. Sheet of 28 S.W.G. Soldering Wire, Soldering Paste.

Learning Objectives: To perform different operations like Measurement, Marking, Cutting, Filing,
Punching, Hand Shearing. Seam Jointing, Lap Jointing, Soldering on Sheet Metal.

MECO44/FS/Fig.1
Outline Procedure:
 Cut the G.I. Sheet 200x100mm with the help of Lever Shearing Machine.
 Draw a semi circle R1=16mm and R2=96 mm of the same centre.
 Punch both the circles with help of dot punch and marking hammer.
 Cut R1 with the help of chisel and hammer and do hand shearing of R2 with help of straight
snip.
 Now draw a 5mm line on both sides of semi-circles and bend it in opposite direction.
 With help of mallet and stake make it round so that both ends come near to each other. Now
make the seam joint of it.
 Bent the sheet on taper stake so has to lock the joint.
 Cut the G.I. Sheet of size 40x38 mm and bend it along its length to form a cylinder.
 Fill the cylinder in the hole of funnel and solder the joint.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical.
 Always wear lab coat
 Do not try to touch any machine without the permission of workshop in-charge.
 Do not wear loose clothes while working on machine
 Don‟t leans on to the machines
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Job2: To prepare a Book Rack Stand as per sketch.

Equipment Required: Steel Foot Rule, Scriber, Spring Divider, Straight Snip, Mallet, Chisel,
Hammer, Dot Punch, Half Round File, Bench Vice, Anvil, Lever Shearing Machine
Material Required: G.I. Sheet of 22 S.W.G.
Learning Objectives: To perform different operations like Measurement, Marking, Cutting, Filing,
Punching, Hand Shearing. Edge forming, bending on Sheet Metal.

MECO44/FS/Fig.2
Outline Procedure:
 Cut the G.I. Sheet as per size 200x250mm.
 Mark the sheet with steel foot rule and scriber as shown in the figure.
 Bend the sheet at 90 degree at a distance of 60 mm from the base.
 Leaving 40mm on both sides draw rectangle in the centre and draw a semi circle of 35 mm
as shown.
 With the help of dot punch mark punch on vertical lines and on the semi circle. Cut the
punched area with the help of chisel and hammer.
 Bend the punched area with the help of mallet at 90 degree as sown in the drawing.
 Chamfer the top edges (25x25mm) with straight snip.
 File the sharp edges and make it smooth.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical.
 Always wear lab coat.
 Do not try to touch any machine without the permission of workshop in charge.
 Do not wear loose clothes while working on machine.
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Job3: To prepare a Tray with Soldering Operation as per sketch.

Equipment Required: Steel Foot Rule, Scriber, Spring Divider, Straight Snip, Mallet, Chisel,
Hammer, Dot Punch, Half Round File, Bench Vice, Anvil, Lever Shearing Machine, Soldering iron
Material Required: G.I. Sheet of 28 S.W.G., Soldering Wire, Soldering Paste.
Learning Objectives: To perform different operations like Measurement, Marking, Cutting, Notching,
Hand Forming Filing, Punching, Hand Shearing., Soldering on Sheet Metal.

MECO44/FS/Fig.3
Outline Procedure:
 Cut the G.I. Sheet of 200x200 mm size.
 Make the dimensions on the sheet with help of scriber and steel foot rule.
 Now mark the sizes of base 200x200 mm from all corners of the base, mark angle of 60
degree with the help of spring joint divider.
 Cut the material in between the two angles from the all corners.
 File in with the help of half round file.
 Bend it on bench vice with the help of mallet.
 Do Notching with the help of straight snip.
 Now do hand forming with the help of bench vice and mallet.
 Do soldering with soldering wire and soldering iron on all the four corners.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical.
 Always wear lab coat
 Do not try to touch any machine without the permission of workshop in charge.
 Do not wear loose clothes while working on machine.
 Don‟t leans on to the machines.
 Keep the tools after working at proper place.
 Follow the operative instructions given strictly.
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Job 4: Preparation of a double strap joint.

Equipment Required: Steel Foot Rule, Scriber, Straight Snip, Mallet, Hammer, Half Round File,
Bench Vice, Anvil, Poker.
Material Required: G.I. Sheet of 28 S.W.G., M.S. Rivets.
Learning Objectives: To perform different operations like Measurement, Marking, Cutting, Filing,
Hand Shearing. Piercing, Joining Riveting on Sheet Metal.

MECO44/FS/Fig.4
Outline Procedure:
 Cut the G.I. Sheet in 200x50 mm size with the help of straight snip.
 Cut the sheet in 100x50 mm two pieces and 90x50 mm two pieces in dimensions with the
help of straight snip.
 Mark the sheet as shown in the figure with the help of steel foot rule, scriber.
 Do filing on all pieces with help of half round file.
 Now make a hole in the sheets for riveting operation with the help of poker and mallet.
 Make the double strap butt joint with help of hammer and M.S. Rivets.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical
 Always wear lab coat.
 Do not try to touch any machine without the permission of workshop in charge.
 Do not wear loose clothes while working on machine.
 Don‟t leans on to the machines.
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Job 5: To prepare a square pen stand from G.I. sheet with riveting at corners.
Equipment Required: Steel Foot Rule, Scriber, Spring Divider, Straight Snip, Mallet, Chisel,
Hammer, Dot Punch, Half Round File, Bench Vice, Anvil, Lever Shearing Machine, Soldering iron,
Funnel Stake, Plier, Nose Plier, and Long Nose Hammer.
Material Required: G.I. Sheet of 28 S.W.G.,MS Rivet.
Learning Objectives: To perform different operations like Measurement, Marking, Cutting, Filing,
Punching, Hand Shearing. Seam Jointing, Lap Jointing, Soldering on Sheet Metal.
Figure

MECO44/FS/Fig.5
Outline Procedure:
 Cut the G.I. Sheet 300x100mm with the help of Lever Shearing Machine. .
 Mark the sheet as shown in the figure with the help of steel foot rule, scriber.
 Bend the sheet at 90 degree at a distance of 80 mm from the base.
 Bend the sheet on both sides with help of square stake and bench vice.
 With help of mallet and stake make it square so that both ends come near to each other.
Now make the lap joint of it.
 Cut the G.I. Sheet of size 90x90 mm and bend it along its length to form a square.
 Make the lap joint with help of hammer and M.S. Rivets.
 Do filing on all sides with help of half round file.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical.
 Always wear lab coat
 Do not try to touch any machine without the permission of workshop in-charge.
 Do not wear loose clothes while working on machine
 Don‟t leans on to the machines
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Job 6: To prepare a round cylinder using G.I. sheet with soldering operation.
Equipment Required: Steel Foot Rule, Scriber, Spring Divider, Straight Snip, Mallet, Chisel,
Hammer, Dot Punch, Half Round File, Bench Vice, Anvil, Lever Shearing Machine, Soldering iron,
Funnel Stake, Plier, Nose Plier, and Long Nose Hammer
Material Required: G.I. Sheet of 28 S.W.G. ,Soldering Wire, Soldering Paste.
Learning Objectives: To perform different operations like Measurement, Marking, Cutting, Filing,
Punching, Hand Shearing. Seam Jointing, Lap Jointing, Soldering on Sheet Metal.

MECO44/FS/Fig.6
Outline Procedure:
 Cut the G.I. Sheet 200x100mm with the help of Lever Shearing Machine.
 Mark the sheet as shown in the figure with the help of steel foot rule, scriber.
 Mark the sheet at 10 mm from both vertical corners.
 Bent the sheet on round stake so has to lock the seam joint.
 Cut circle of 55mm diameter with the help of chisel and hammer and do hand shearing with
help of straight snip.
 Fasten the round piece at the bottom of the cylinder and do soldering operation.
 Do filing on all sides with help of half round file.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical.
 Always wear lab coat
 Do not try to touch any machine without the permission of workshop in-charge.
 Do not wear loose clothes while working on machine
 Don‟t leans on to the machines
 Keep the tools after working at proper place.
 Follow the operative instructions given strictly
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Job 7: To prepare a Butt-Joint with electric arc-welding, as per shown in sketch.

Material Required: Mild Steel Flat.

Equipment & Tool Required: Welding transformer at 400amp A.C. set, steel foot rule, marker, try
square, hand hacksaw, bench wise, face shield, electrode holder, chipping hammer, wire bush, tong,
hand gloves and file.

Learning Objectives: To practice different Welding Techniques, cutting of specimen, marking,

measurement, edge preparation, straightening, Making right angle & welding the joints accurately.

MECO44/WS/Fig.1

Outline Procedure:
 First we cut piece of metal of required dimensions.
 Mark the points with the help of chalk, where welding has to be done.
 Place the job on the table and start the arc-welding starting from top to bottom.
 After welding, remove the flux with the help of chipping hammer and remove small particle of
arc on the surface of the piece with wire brush.
 Remove the unwanted material with the help of chisel after the job gets cool.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical.
 Do not wear bangles, bracelets, rings, chains, and even neck tie.
 Always wear Lab coat (white).
 Always wear safety goggles.
 Do not wear loose clothes while working on machines.
 Do not even try to touch any thing unknown.
 Do not let any body to stand on the left side of the operator.
 Do not lean on to the machines.
 Follow the operative instructions given strictly
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Job 8: To prepare a Lap-Joint with electric arc-welding, as per shown in sketch.

Material Required: Mild Steel Flat.

Equipment & Tool Required: Welding transformer at 400amp A.C. set, steel foot rule, marker, try
square, hand hacksaw, bench wise, face shield, electrode holder, chipping hammer, wire bush, tong,
hand glover and file.

Learning Objectives: To practice different Welding techniques, cutting of specimen, marking,

measurement, edge preparation, straightening, Making right angle & welding the joints accurately.

MECO44/WS/Fig.2

Outline Procedure:
 First we cut piece of metal of required dimensions.
 Mark the points with the help of chalk, where welding has to be done.
 Place the job on the table and start the arc-welding starting from top to bottom.
 After welding, remove the flux with the help of chipping hammer and remove small particle of
arc on the surface of the piece with wire brush.
 Remove the unwanted material with the help of chisel after the job gets cool.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical.
 Do not wear bangles, bracelets, rings, chains, and even neck tie.
 Always wear Lab coat (white).
 Always wear safety goggles.
 Do not wear loose clothes while working on machines.
 Do not even try to touch any thing unknown.
 Do not let any body to stand on the left side of the operator.
 Do not lean on to the machines.
 Follow the operative instructions given strictly.
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Job 9: To prepare a corner joint by electric arc welding as per shown in sketch.

Material Required: Mild Steel Flat.

Equipment & Tool Required: Welding transformer at 400amp A.C. set, steel foot rule, marker, try
square, hand hacksaw, bench wise, face shield, electrode holder, chipping hammer, wire bush, tong,
hand glover and file.

Learning Objectives: To practice different Welding techniques, cutting of specimen, marking,

measurement, edge preparation, straightening, Making right angle & welding the joints accurately.

MECO44/WS/Fig.3
Outline Procedure:
 First we cut pieces of metal in require dimension.
 Mark the point with the help of chalk, where welding has to be done.
 Place one M.S. flat piece on table and place second M.S. piece at right angle with first piece.
The corner of both pieces in touch with each other, only outer edges are in touch.
 Start arc welding set and starting from left to right.
 After welding, remove the flux and chips with the help of chipping hammer and wire brush.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical.
 Do not wear bangles, bracelets, rings, chains, and even neck tie.
 Always wear Lab coat (white).
 Always wear safety goggles.
 Do not wear loose clothes while working on machines.
 Do not even try to touch any thing unknown.
 Do not let any body to stand on the left side of the operator.
 Do not lean on to the machines.
 Follow the operative instructions given strictly.
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Job 10: To prepare a T- joint by electric arc welding, as per shown in sketch.

Material Required: Mild Steel Flat.

Equipment & Tool Required: Welding transformer at 400amp A.C. set, steel foot rule, marker, try
square, hand hacksaw, bench wise, face shield, electrode holder, chipping hammer, wire bush, tong,
hand glover and file.

Learning Objectives: To practice different Welding techniques, cutting of specimen, marking,

measurement, edge preparation, straightening, Making right angle & welding the joints accurately.

MECO44/WS/Fig.4

Outline Procedure:
 First we cut pieces of metal in require dimension.
 Mark the point with the help of chalk, where welding has to be done.
 Place the job on the table and start arc welding starting from left to right.
 After welding remove the flux with the help of chipping hammer and wire Brush.
 Remove the unwanted material with the help of chisel or chipping hammer.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical.
 Do not wear bangles, bracelets, rings, chains, and even neck tie.
 Always wear Lab coat (white).
 Always wear safety goggles.
 Do not wear loose clothes while working on machines.
 Do not even try to touch any thing unknown.
 Do not let any body to stand on the left side of the operator.
 Do not lean on to the machines.
 Follow the operative instructions given strictly.
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Job 11: Preparation of Zero shape as per drawing using square rod.

Material Required: Mild Steel Flat

Equipment & Tool Required: Welding transformer at 400amp A.C. set, steel foot rule, marker, try
square, hand hacksaw, bench wise, face shield, electrode holder, chipping hammer, wire bush, tong,
hand glover and file.

Learning Objectives: To practice Welding techniques, cutting of specimen, marking, measurement,

edge preparation, straightening, Making right angle & welding the joints accurately.

MECO44/WS/Fig.5
Outline Procedure:
 First we cut pieces of metal in require dimension.
 Mark the point with the help of chalk, where welding has to be done.
 Place the job on the table and start arc welding at different joint.
 After welding remove the flux with the help of chipping hammer and wire Brush.
Remove the unwanted material with the help of chisel or chipping hammer
Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical.
 Do not wear bangles, bracelets, rings, chains, and even neck tie.
 Always wear Lab coat (white).
 Always wear safety goggles.
 Do not wear loose clothes while working on machines.
 Do not even try to touch any thing unknown.
 Do not let any body to stand on the left side of the operator.
 Do not lean on to the machines.
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Job12: Preparation of angle using vertical welding.

Material Required: Mild Steel Flat

Equipment & Tool Required: Scriber, Engineering Steel Scale, Marking Chalk, Hand Hacksaw,
Bench Vice, Files, Try-Square, Hammer, Outside Calliper, Inside Calipers, Electric Arc Welding set.

Learning Objectives: To practice vertical Welding techniques, cutting of specimen, marking,

measurement, edge preparation, straightening, Making right angle & welding the joints accurately.
Figure

MECO44/WS/Fig.6
Outline Procedure:
 First we cut pieces of metal in require dimension.
 Mark the point with the help of chalk, where welding has to be done.
 Place the job on the table and start arc welding starting from top to bottom.
 After welding remove the flux with the help of chipping hammer and wire Brush.
Remove the unwanted material with the help of chisel or chipping hammer

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical.
 Do not wear bangles, bracelets, rings, chains, and even neck tie.
 Always wear Lab coat (white).
 Always wear safety goggles.
 Do not wear loose clothes while working on machines.
 Do not even try to touch any thing unknown.
 Do not let any body to stand on the left side of the operator.
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Job 13: To fabricate a circuit for the electrical wiring of, Fan with regulator and Bulb through a
main switch and its testing using a series lamp and parallel circuit.

Equipment Required: Combination Plier, Test pen, Screw driver, Knife, Poker.

Learning Objectives: To practice how to check circuits of tube light, fan & bulb (continuity of circuit)
with the help of series lamp of electrical appliances

MECO44/EleS/Fig.1
Outline Procedure:
 Fixed Main Switch, fuse and neutral link on marking board and MCB on board.
 Connect main supply to input of main switch.
 Connect phase wire to lamp through fuse and switch.
 Connect neutral wire directly to lamp.
 Check all the connections and power supply „ON‟.
 If any above circuit is not working then check the continuity of that circuit with the
help of series lamp. In above diagram a series lamp connected across neutral wire for
checking its continuity.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 All connection should be tight.
 Wire should not over long.
 After completing the Experiment all tools must be kept at proper place.
 Keep your mind and eyes on the Experiment & don‟t talk any one while working.
 Tools not being required should not be scatter on working table.
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Job 14: Testing and rectification of simulated faults in electrical appliances such as ‘Electric
Iron, Ceiling Fan. Electric kettle’.

Equipment Required: Combination Plier, Test pen, Screw driver, Knife, Poker.
Learning Objectives: To practice how to rectification of simulated fault in electrical appliances such
as Electrical Iron,Ceiling Fan. Electric kettle‟

MECO44/EleS/Fig.2
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Outline Procedure:
(Electric Iron)
 Remove the back cover of handle and un-screw the power cord of electric iron.
 Remove the temp. Setting knob and un-screw the cover.
 Check the iron circuit with testing board.
 Open the pressure plate and base plate and clean them properly.
 Replace the connect element of same wattage and shape.
 Keep the asbestos sheet under the pressure plate and on the elements and tight the
nut of pressure plate properly.
 Test the continuity and earth leakage of heating elements.
 Fit the iron cover properly.
 Make the connection of iron and test it again.
 Fix the knob back cover of the handle.

(Ceiling Fan)
 Remove the 3 blades first by opening screws which are fitted with body of the fan and
blades.
 Remove the nut fitted with the bolt Required for hanging the fan with ceiling hook.
 By giving support to the fan body remove the bolt from the ceiling hook.
 Gently take down the fan body and put it on any pad of clothes placed on the table.
 For opening the rod first remove check nut or quarter pin and then rotate the rod in
anti-clock wise direction with hand remove it.
 Open the bottom end cover by opening the screws and with the help of screw driver,
batten and mallet, for the safety of color the use of hammer is avoided.
 Unscrew the screws of the top and covers and remove them.
 When the bottom cover is removed the stationary portion on which winding coils are
there will be visible. Take Plier and put its legs into the vent ducts and place a screw
driver in it and place it on the ground.
 Now rotate the capacitor side socket by inserting screw driver in the hole specially
made for taking out wires for the connections. When the socket is out the top cover
will come out.
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(ELECTRIC KETTLE)
Some electric kettles have a heating element wound on mica. Former embedded between good
insulation of mica & asbestos. Sheet & pressed tight to bottom by a clamping nut, while some kettle
have heating element in sealed metal tube.
DEFECTS IN ELECTRIC KETTLE:
a. Blown fuse.
b. Open circuit in wires.
c. Open circuit in the connector, plug shoe.
d. Open (break) in element.

REMEDIES:
1). OPEN CIRCUIT TEST: First check the plug &socket contact with the test lamp of 100watt in
series. If don‟t glow, the circuit is open search it & rectify it.
2). CIRCUIT TEST FOR LEAKAGE&SHOCK SHORT: If lamp glows fully, there is heavy leakage &
short circuit.
3). EARTH TEST: Using tests lamp check, whether the lamp glows or not, when the supply is
connected to sole plate. If lamps glow bright, then earth is strong. If lamp glows dull, then earth fault is
there, check insulation fault correct it.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Keep all part carefully.
 Element should be checked properly.
 Pressure plate should be properly tight.
 Always check the earth leakage before connecting supply.
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Job 15: Layout of stair case wiring using two way switch.

Equipment Required: Switch boar, Two way switch, Lamp holder, PVC wires, Switch sheet, Casing
& Capping batten, Lamp, Nail & Screw, Combination Plier, Test pen, Screw driver, Knife, Poker.

Learning Objectives: To practice how two way switch works with stair case wiring.
Figure

MECO44/EleS/Fig.3

Outline Procedure:
 Take a wooden board.
 Fixed casing & capping on wooden board & fixed three switch board at the
end of casing & capping batten two for 2 way switch & one for Lamp.
 Fixed Lamp holder on board.
 Connect Phase wire to lamp holder through switch.
 Connect neutral wore directly to lamp holder.
 Check the circuit before connecting main supply.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 All connection should be tight.
 Wire should not over long.
 After completing the job all tools must be kept at proper place.
 Keep your mind and eyes on the job & don‟t talk any one while working.
 Tools not being used should not be scatter on working table.
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Job16: Layout of electrical tube light wiring.

Equipment Required: Combination Plier, Test pen, Screw driver, Knife, Poker.

Learning Objectives: To practice how to make the connection of tube light.

Figure

MECO44/EleS/Fig.4
Outline Procedure:
 .Make the tube light circuit as shown in circuit diagram.
 Connect phase wire through switch.
 Connect neutral wire directly to tube rod.
 Connect starter to two spare terminals.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 All connection should be tight.
 Wire should not over long.
 After completing the job all tools must be kept at proper place.
 Keep your mind and eyes on the job & don‟t talk any one while working.
 Tools not being used should not be scatter on working table.
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Job 17: Layout of godown wiring using two way switches.

Equipment Required: Combination Plier, Test pen, Screw driver, Knife, Poker.

Learning Objectives: To practice how to make the connection of lamp.

MECO44/EleS/Fig.5
Outline Procedure:
 Fixed all the switch board on working board as per circuit diagram.
 Connect in phase wire with one out put terminal of all switch.
 Now connect neutral wire with other output terminal of switch as per circuit diagram.
 Connect lamp holder is terminal with input point of switches.
 After completing the job check it lab Inchage and fixed switch sheet on switch board.
Now give single phase power supply, job will functional.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:

 All connection should be tight.

 Wire should not over long.
 After completing the Experiment all tools must be kept at proper place.
 Keep your mind and eyes on the Experiment & don‟t talk any one while working.
 Tools not being required should not be scatter on working table.
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Job 18: To prepare a distribution board.

Equipment Required: MCB, main switch, ELCB, Combination Plier, screw driver, test pen, side
cutting Plier, electrician knife and series board, PVC Wire, Screw, switch sheet, switch board,
Insulation tape, and bus-bar.

Learning Object: To practice how to make the connection of make the connection of MCB, main
switch and ELCB.

MECO44/EleS/Fig.6
Outline Procedure:
 Fixed all the apparatus MCB, main switch and ELCB on their respective place.
 Make the connection as per circuit diagram.
 Connect the output of main switch to the input of ELCB and the output of MCB,
connect with SP (MCB & Neutral Link).
 Now "ON" the DP main switch, ELCB & MCB, check the out put of the circuit with the
help of series board.

Learning Outcome:
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Caution:
 Connection should be tightly done.
 Keep your mind and eyes on the Experiment and don‟t talk any one while working.
 Tools being required should not be allowed to scatter on working table.
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Job 19 (a) Identification and familiarization with the following electronic instruments:
(b) Multimeter analog and digital (Three and half digit).

EQUIPMENTS/TOOLS USED: Analog multimeter, Digital multimeter and connecting probes.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: A Multi-Meter is the basic instrument of an engineer. The instrument can
measure current (Ampere), voltage (volts), and resistance (ohms) and is therefore also called an AVO
(Ampere-Volt-Ohm) meter.

Outline Procedure:
 ANALOG MULTIMETER: The multimeter helps in “trouble shooting” of radio/TV and
other electronic system as it can locate an “open” circuit, „short” circuit and earth fault.
1. Function Selector: It is a switch to select the function to be measured that is voltage
(DC/AC), current (DC/AC) and resistance.
2. Range selector: It is a switch to select the approximate range of the function under
measurement.
WORKING: When the coil rotates, the pointer moves on the scale. The pointer stops at
a position where deflecting torque and controlling torque become equal. The
measurement is taken on the particular scale according to function selected.
(B) DIGITAL MULTI-METER: A digital multimeter display the AC or DC voltages being
measured directly as discrete numerals in the decimal number system. Numerical read out of
DMM is very convenient and it eliminates observational error. The use of digital multimeter
increases the speed with which the readings can be taken.
The main parts of DMM are:
1. Digital Display Unit: It displays the reading in digit.
2. On/Off switch: This switch for ON/OFF the power of the battery.
3. Input Terminals: These are two sockets to which the voltage or any quantity to be
measured is connected with the help of banana plugs and lead.
4. Mode Switch: This is a selector switch to select the function whether the meter is to be
used for AC/ DC voltage or current measurement.
5. Range Switch: It is also a selector switch which selects the range of the quantity to be
measured.

Learning Outcome:

Caution:

 Verify the circuit polarity before making a test, particularly when measuring direct
voltages and currents.
 Recalibrate the instrument frequently
 Protect the instrument against dust, dirt, heat etc
 Do not even try to touch anything unknown.
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Job 19 (b) Identification and familiarization with the following electronic instruments:
a) Single beam simple CRO, Signal Generator and Function Generator; function of
every knob on the front panel.
EQUIPMENTS/TOOLS USED: CRO, Audio Generator and connecting leads.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CRO is the most important instrument used in Labs. It gives a visual
display of Signal wave form. It is also used for trouble shooting in radio, television and laboratory
measurements.

MECO44/ES/Fig.1
Outline Procedure:
An audio generator is an electronic instrument which can generate signal of different frequency and
amplitude.
FOR VOLTAGE AND AMPLITUDE MEASUREMENT:
 Connect the output of the function generator to the input terminal of CRO.
 Adjust the Time/Div switch for two or three cycle of waveform and set the Volt/Div
switch for the largest possible of screen display.
TIME PERIOD MEASUREMENT:
 Set the CRO so that 2-3 cycles of signal are display on the screen of CRO.
 Use the vertical position control to position the trace so that central horizontal reticule
line passes through the points on the waveform between which you want to make the
measurement.
FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT:
Frequency is the reciprocal of time interval or period.
CAUTIONS:
 Connection should be tight, neat and clean.
 Do touch the tip of probes.
 Always wear shoes while performing the practical to avoid the electric shock.
 Do not lean on to the instruments.
 Do not even try to touch anything unknown.
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Job -20(a) Fabrication of Half Wave Rectifier

Equipment Required: PCB, resistance, diode(IN4007), jumping wires, step down transformer etc.

Learning Objectives: A RECTIFIER is an electrical device that converts Alternating Current (AC) to
Direct Current (DC), a process known as RECTIFICATION. A rectifier which rectifies only one half of
each AC supply cycle is called a Half-wave Rectifier. For Half-wave rectifier, only one diode is
required. The AC supply to be rectified is given through a transformer. The transformer is required to
step up or step down input AC.

MECO44/ES/Fig.2(a)
Outline Procedure:
 Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
 Connect the primary side of the transformer to ac mains and the secondary side to
the rectifier input.
 By the CRO, measure the ac input voltage of the rectifier and, ac and dc voltage at
the output of the rectifier and observe the waveforms.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 The primary and secondary sides of the transformer should be carefully identified.
 The polarities of the diode should be carefully identified.
 All connections should be tight.
 Don‟t touch anything unknown.
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Job 20(b) Fabrication of Full Wave Rectifier.

Equipment Required: PCB, resistance, diode, jumping wires, step down transformer etc.

Learning Objectives: A rectifier which rectifies both half of AC supply cycle is called a Full-wave
Rectifier. Full-wave rectification converts both polarities (positive or negative) of the input waveform to
DC, and is more efficient.

MECO44/ES/Fig.2(b)
Outline Procedure:
 Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
 Connect the ac mains to the primary side of the transformer and the secondary side
to the rectifier, diode D1 & D2 controls the flow of current with resistance, and convert
ac voltage to dc voltage.
 Measure the ac voltage at the input side of rectifier
 Measure the dc voltages at the output side of the rectifier.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 The primary and secondary side of the transformer should be carefully identified.
 . The polarities of all the diodes should be carefully identified.
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Job 21(a) To perform soldering while doing assembly and disassemble of different
components for specified circuit

Equipment Required: PCB, Soldering Iron, Flux, solder and soldering iron stand.
Learning Objectives: Soldering Process in electrical circuit

MECO44/ES/Fig.3(a)
Outline Procedure:
When ready, hold the soldering iron at a 45 angle, and heat both the lead and the pad
simultaneously. Touch the solder wire in the space between the iron tip and the lead.
 Wipe the tip on a damp sponge and wet it with a small amount of solder;
 Apply the hot iron to one side of the joint and then feed in solder from the other;
 Allow the flux to work on the surfaces and the solder to flow across the whole joint,
this should take no more than a couple of seconds;
 Remove the solder, then the iron.
 Allow the joint to cool and solidify without any disturbance.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Do not shake off excess solder. It can cause serious burns if it contacts your skin. It
can also cause short circuits in exposed electrical equipment that may be in the
immediate area of the tinning operation.
 Use only rosin flux or rosin-core solder for tinning copper wires to be Required in
electrical and electronics systems. Corrosive flux will cause damage. During the
tinning operation, do not melt, scorch, or burn the insulation.
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Job -21(b) To perform De-soldering while doing assembly and disassemble of different
components for specified circuit.
Equipment Required: PCB circuit, De-Soldering Pump, wick, soldering iron, Iron stand.
Learning Objectives: Soldering Process in electrical circuit.
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MECO44/ES/Fig.3(b)
Outline Procedure:

De-Soldering: De-Soldering is the process of removal of solder from a solder joint.

Steps of De-Soldering:
 Set the pump by pushing the spring-loaded plunger down until it locks.
 Apply both the pump nozzle and the tip of your soldering iron to the joint.
 Wait a second or two for the solder to melt.
 Then press the button on the pump to release the plunger and suck the molten solder
into the tool.
 Repeat if necessary to remove as much solder as possible.
 The pump will need emptying occasionally by unscrewing the nozzle.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 The pump will need emptying occasionally by unscrewing the nozzle.
 De-Soldering Pump should be place carefully on joint to be de-sold.
 Don‟t Reload the de-soldering pump when it is place on the solder joint, reload pump
before placing it on the solder joint of circuit.
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Job -22: Testing of resistor by using color coding and multimeter.

EQUIPMENT USED/TOOLS USED:

Resistor, multimeter, connecting probes etc.

Outline Procedure:
METHOD OF READING THE VALUE BY USING COLOR CODING.

1. First two digits are the significant figure of the component.

2. Third is the multiplier.
3. Fourth is the tolerance.

MECO44/ES/Table 1

COLORS SIGNIFICANT FIGURE MULTIPLIER

0
BLACK 0 10
1
BROWN 1 10
2
RED 2 10
3
ORANGE 3 10
4
YELLOW 4 10
5
GREEN 5 10
6
BLUE 6 10
7
VIOLET 7 10
8
GREY 8 10
9
WHITE 9 10

TOLERANCE:
GOLD: +5%
SILVER: +10%
BROWN: +1%
NO COLOR: +20%

BY USING MULTIMETER:
Firstly switch ON the Multimeter and adjust the function selector switch to ohm indication. Connect the
connecting probes of multimeter to be two legs of resistance. Verify that the device under test is
electrically dead. Set the function selector switch to “ohm”. Connect the device under test.

CAUTIONS:
 Verify the circuit polarity before making a test, particularly when measuring direct
voltages and currents.
 Recalibrate the instrument frequently.
 Do not touch the tip of probes.
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Job -23 Realization of water level indicator on bread board.

Equipment Required: Beaker, Battery(9V), Bread board, Jumping wires, LED, Resistor, Transistor.

Learning Objectives: Application of transistor as an amplifier.

MECO44/ES/Fig.4
Outline Procedure:
 Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.
 Empty the water container initially.
 Start increasing the water level slowly.

Learning Outcome:

Cautions:
 Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
 Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminal of battery at any point in circuit
 Do not give direct supply to LEDs
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Job -24 To prepare a circuit of auto switch on light Using LDR.

Equipment Required: : LDR, torch, multimeter, clamp, retort stand, ruler.

Learning Objectives:. The resistance value varies according to the light falling on them

MECO44/ES/Fig.5
Outline Procedure:
 Set up the apparatus as shown in the figure. Connect the LDR to the multimeter. Switch the
multimeter to the resistance measurement mode. Use the retort stand and clamp to hold the
torch at a certain height above the LDR. Make sure that the LDR is facing the torch (light
source).
 Turn on the torch. Record the resistance reading of the multimeter. Measure the distance
between the torch and the LDR.
 Vary the distance between the torch and the LDR. Record how the resistance changes. Plot a
graph of resistance versus distance of the torch from the LDR.
 Turn off the torch. Record the resistance of the LDR in a very dark environment.

Learning Outcome:
.

Cautions:
 Connect circuit very carefully with all connections tight and clear.
 Do not short circuit +ve and –ve terminal of multimeter at any point in circuit
 Do not give direct supply to LEDs