RAMKUMAR S

M.E.S. INDIAN SCHOOL

DOHA-QATAR
 DRAWING INSTRUMENTS

 Drawing Board
 Drawing Sheet
 Drawing Sheet Holder
 Set-squares – 45o and 30o –
60o
 Large size Compass
 Small bow Compass
 Large size Divider
 Small bow Divider
 Scales – 6” and 12”
 Protractor
 French Curve
 Drawing Pencils – H, 2H, HB
 Sand Paper
 Eraser (Rubber)
 Drawing Pins and Clips
 Cello Tape
 Duster or Handkerchief
 Drafting Machine / Mini
Drafter
 Sketch Book (Medium size)
 Roller Scale
 Pencil Sharpener
 Sheet Folder
 LINES
 Line Thickness: 
 Thickness varied according to the use of pen or pencil and the size
& type of the drawing.
 For pencil, the lines can be divided into two line-groups:
Line-group Thickness Lines
(mm)
0.2 Medium Out lines, dotted lines, cutting plane lines

0.1 Thin Centre lines, section lines, dimension lines,

extension lines, construction lines, leader lines,
short-break lines and long-break lines.
 In the finished drawing, all lines except construction lines
should be dense, clean and uniform.
 Construction lines should be drawn very thin and faint and
should be hardly visible.
TYPES OF LINES

TYPES OF LINES

TYPES OF LINES

 ORDER OF PRIORITY OF
LINES

Some time it may happen that when we have
drawn some line/lines on our drawing sheet
according to the need of the Graphics.
The same line or some other line/lines overlap
each other then the following order of priority
should be observed by us :
 Continuous thick Line
 Hidden Line
 Centre/axis Line
 LETTER PRINTING

 The letters and numerals are standardized, so that
the words written in one country may be understood
by the people of the other country.
 Where the drawing is used for production, repair or
for general maintenance.
 We can divide the letters broadly in two types. first
is ‘Upper Case Letters’ and secondly into ‘Lower
Case Letters’.
 The ratio of height and width bears some ratio.
 LETTER PRINTING

 For main title we take height of main title as ‘6 mm’,
for sub-title height may be ‘4 mm’ and for any other
title or dimension it can be ‘2 mm’.
 Generally, we use Single Stroke Letters.
 There are Six Fundamental Strokes only.
LETTER PRINTING: PRACTICE

 DIMENSIONING
 The

Elements of Dimensioning are Projection lines,
Dimension lines, Leader lines, Dimension line termination,
the origin indication and the dimension itself.
 Dimension lines : These are thin continuous thin lines. These
are terminated by arrowheads touching the outlines, extension
lines or centre lines.
 Leader lines : A leader or a pointer is a thin continuous line,
connecting a note or a dimension figure with the feature to
which it applies. One end of the leader terminates either in an
arrowhead or a dot. The other end of the leader line is
terminated in a horizontal line at the bottom level of the first
or the last letter of the note.
 Extension lines/Projection lines : These lines are thin
continuous lines drawn in extension of an outline. These lines
extend by about 3 mm beyond the dimension line.
DIMENSIONING

 DIMENSIONING METHODS

Chain Dimensioning:
 Dimensions are arranged in a straight line.
Parallel Dimensioning:
 All the dimensions are shown from a common base line.
 The smaller dimension is placed nearer the view.
Combined Dimensioning:
 Chain and parallel dimensioning used simultaneously.
Progressive Dimensioning:
 One datum or surface is selected which reads as zero. All
the dimensions are referred to that point or surface.
DIMENSIONING METHODS

DIMENSIONING METHODS

 TYPES OF DIMENSIONING

Aligned System:
 In the aligned system the dimensions are placed
perpendicular to the dimension line in such a
way that it may be read from bottom edge or
right hand edge of the drawing sheet.
Unidirectional System:
 In the unidirectional system, the dimensions are
so oriented such that they can be read from the
bottom of the drawing.
TYPES OF DIMENSIONING

 RULES OF DIMENSIONING

 All the dimensions necessary for the correct functioning of the part should be
expressed directly on the drawing.
 Every dimension should be given, but none should be given more than once.
 A dimension should be placed on the view where its use is shown more clearly.
 Dimensions should be placed outside the view, as far as possible.
 Mutual crossing of dimension lines and dimensioning between hidden lines
should be avoided. Also it should not cross any other line of the drawing.
 An outline or a centre line should never be used as a dimension line. A centre
line may be extended to serve as an extension line.
 Aligned System of Dimensioning is recommended.
 RULES OF DIMENSIONING

 Dimension lines should be drawn at least 8 mm away from the
outlines and from each other.
 The extension line should be extended by about 3 mm beyond
the dimension line.
 When the space is too narrow, the arrow-head may be placed
outside. Also a dot may be used to replace an arrow-head.
THANKYOU…
