perception

inference

verbal
testimony

refute
vyapti
causal atheist
relation
perception

dehatmava
d
inference
comparison

nastik

Introduction

Charvaka
Epistemolog
y importance

epistemolo
gy

rejection of
other conclusion
pramanas

criticism by
verbal other
testimony schools

can be
reduced to nyaya
inference

comparison Buddhism
petito
principi jainism

can be
reduced
inference